scholarly journals Modeling granule-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over the nitrite (CANON) process in an SBR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Cai ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jiajia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract Based on the simplified activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1), a 1D biofilm model containing autotrophic microorganisms and heterotrophic microorganisms was developed to describe the microbial population dynamics and reactor dynamics of CANON SBR. After sensitivity analysis and calibration for parameters, the simulation results of NH4+-N concentration and NO2−-N concentration were consistent with the measured results, while the simulated NO3−-N concentration was slightly lower than the measured. The simulation results showed that the soluble microbial products had an extremely low concentration. The aerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria were the dominant microbial populations of the CANON system, while nitrite oxidization bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were eliminated completely. The optimal ratio of air aeration load to influent NH4+-N load was about 0.18 L air/mgN. The operation condition of the reactor was optimized according to the simulation results, and the total nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 0.312 ± 0.015 to 0.485 ± 0.013 kg N/m3/d and from 71.2 ± 4.3 to 85.7 ± 1.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Treatment performance, nitrous oxide production and microbial community under low-ammonium wastewater in a CANON process

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3468-3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixing Mi ◽  
Jianqiang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqian Ding ◽  
Guanghuan Ge ◽  
Rixiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Canon Process

Abstract To investigate the characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation for treating low-ammonium wastewater, a continuous-flow completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) biofilm reactor was studied. At a temperature of 32 ± 1 °C and a pH between 7.5 and 8.2, two operational experiments were performed: the first one fixed the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 10 h and gradually reduced the influent ammonium concentrations from 210 to 50 mg L−1; the second one fixed the influent ammonium concentration at 30 mg L−1 and gradually decreased the HRT from 10 to 3 h. The results revealed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency exceeded 80%, with a corresponding total nitrogen removal rate of 0.26 ± 0.01 kg N m−3 d−1 at the final low ammonium concentration of 30 mg L−1. Small amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O) up to 0.015 ± 0.004 kg m−3 d−1 at the ammonium concentration of 210 mg L−1 were produced in the CANON process and decreased with the decrease in the influent ammonium loads. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis indicated that the dominant functional bacteria ‘Candidatus Kuenenia’ under high influent ammonium levels were gradually succeeded by Armatimonadetes_gp5 under low influent ammonium levels.

Total nitrogen removal from high-strength ammonia recycle stream using a single submerged attached growth bioreactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Onnis-Hayden ◽  
P.B. Pedros ◽  
J. Reade
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

An experimental study investigating the nitrogen removal efficiency from the recycle stream generated in the dewatering facility of the anaerobically digested sludge at the Deer Island wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Boston was conducted using a single submerged attached growth bioreactor (SAGB), designed for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The applied nitrogen loading to the reactor ranged from 0.7 to 2.27 kg-N/m3·d, and the corresponding total nitrogen (TN) removal rate ranged from 0.38 to 1.8 kg-N/m3·d. The observed nitrification rates varied from 0.42 kg-N/m3·d to 1.45 kg-N/m3·d with an ammonia load of 0.5 kg-N/m3·d and 1.8 kg-N/m3·d, respectively. An average nitrification efficiency of 91% was achieved throughout the experiment. Denitrification efficiency varied from 55%, obtained without any addition of carbon source, to 95% when methanol was added in order to obtain a methanol/nitrate ratio of about 3 kg methanol/kg NO3−-N.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal via a single-stage PN–Anammox process in a novel combined biofilm reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-mei Han ◽  
Feng-xia Liu ◽  
Xiao-fei Xu ◽  
Zhuo Yan ◽  
Zhi-jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract This study developed a partial nitrification (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for treating high-ammonia wastewater using an innovative biofilm system in which ammonia oxidizing bacteria grew on fluidized Kaldnes (K1) carriers and Anammox bacteria grew on fixed acryl resin carriers. The airlift loop biofilm reactor (ALBR) was stably operated for more than 4 months under the following conditions: 35 ± 2 °C, pH 7.5–8.0 and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5–3.5 mg/L. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached a maximum of 75% and the total nitrogen removal loading rate was above 0.4 kg/(d·m3). DO was the most efficient control parameter in the mixed biofilm system, and values below 1.5 mg/L were observed in the riser zone for the PN reaction, while values below 0.8 mg/L were observed in the downer zone for the Anammox reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization images showed that most of the nitrifying bacteria were distributed on the K1 carriers and most of the Anammox bacteria were distributed within the acryl resin carriers. Therefore, the results indicate that the proposed combined biofilm system is easy to operate and efficient for the treatment of high-ammonia wastewater.

The characteristics of nitrogen removal by the biofilter system

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.F. Ouyang ◽  
R.J. Chiou ◽  
C.T. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Recycle Ratio ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Set Up

Previous research has shown that nitrogen from municipal wastewater could be eliminated by a biofilter system. In this study a system of combined pre-denitrification/nitrification biofilters was set up. It is to investigate the effect of the hydraulic loading and recycled ratio on nitrogen removal. The characteristics of bacterial activity at different heights is discussed. The experiment shows that longer hydraulic loading would result in better total nitrogen removal. Total nitrogen removal might be not dependent on denitrification but nitrification. Hydraulic loading that affects nitrification might be due to the diffusion of NH3–N from the bulk solution to the inner biofilm. The recycling NO3–N could be completely eliminated in the anoxic biofilter. The operation with longer retention time (HRT of 12 hours) would result in inner denitrification in the aerobic biofilter. Biological activity could be determined by the distribution of bacteria. The specific rates of pollutant decomposition depend on biological activity and effective biological VSS. The effect of the recycled ratio on the nitrogen removal is significant. Total nitrogen removal rate and nitrogen type of effluent would be determined by recycle ratio. The operation at low recycled ratio would result in worse total nitrogen removal, but the NH3–N of effluent would be lower. The operation in higher recycle ratio would be opposite to low recycle ratio.

scholarly journals Performance and microbial community of the CANON process in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with elevated COD/N ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Xincong Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Canon Process

Abstract In this study, the effects of elevated chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratios on nitrogen removal, production and composition of the extracellular polymer substances (EPS) and microbial community of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal via nitrite (CANON) process were studied in a sequencing batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR). The whole experiment was divided into two stages: the CANON stage (without organic matter in influent) and the simultaneous partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SNAD) stage (with organic matter in influent). When the inflow ammonia nitrogen was 420 mg/L and the COD/N ratio was no higher than 0.8, the addition of COD was helpful to the CANON process; the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNE) was improved from approximately 65% to more than 75%, and the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was improved from approximately 0.255 kgN/(m3·d) to approximately 0.278 kgN/(m3•d), while the TNE decreased to 60%, and the NRR decreased to 0.236 kgN/(m3•d) when the COD/N ratio was elevated to 1.0. For the EPS, the amounts of soluble EPS (SEPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were both higher in the CANON stage than in the SNAD stage, while the amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) in the SNAD stage was significantly higher due to the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria. The metagenome sequencing technique was used to analyse the microbial community in the SBMBR. The results showed that the addition of COD altered the structure of the bacterial community in the SBMBR. The amounts of Candidatus ‘Anammoxoglobus’ of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AAOB) and Nitrosomonas of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) both decreased significantly, and Nitrospira of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was always in the reactor, although the amount changed slightly. A proliferation of denitrifiers related to the genera of Thauera, Dokdonella and Azospira was found in the SBMBR.

scholarly journals Enhanced nitrogen removal and energy saving in a microalgal–bacterial consortium treating real municipal wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Foladori ◽  
S. Petrini ◽  
M. Nessenzia ◽  
G. Andreottola
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract The optimization of total nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater was investigated in a laboratory-scale photo-sequencing batch reactor (PSBR) operated with a mixed microalgal–bacterial consortium spontaneously acclimatized to real wastewater. No external aeration was provided in the PSBR to reduce energy consumption: oxygen was only supplied by the microalgal photosynthesis. The enhancement of total nitrogen removal was achieved through: (1) feeding of wastewater in the dark phase to provide readily biodegradable COD when oxygen was not produced, promoting denitrification; (2) intermittent use of the mixer to favor simultaneous nitrification–denitrification inside the dense flocs and to achieve 41% energy saving with respect to continuous mixing. Efficient COD removal (86 ± 2%) was observed, obtaining average effluent concentrations of 37 mg/L and 22 mg/L of total COD and soluble COD, respectively. TKN removal was 97 ± 3%, with an average effluent concentration of 0.5 ± 0.7 mg NH4+-N/L. Assimilation of nitrogen by heterotrophic bacteria accounted only for 20% of TKN removal, whilst the major part of TKN was nitrified. In particular, the nitrification rate was 1.9 mgN L−1 h−1 (specific rate 2.4 mgN gTSS−1 h−1), measured with dissolved oxygen near zero, when the oxygen demand was higher than the oxygen produced by photosynthesis. Total nitrogen of 6.3 ± 4.4 mgN/L was measured in the effluent after PSBR optimization.

Effect of Ca2+ and Fe3+ Addition on Nitrification-Denitrification Process in a Membrane Bioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Jie Sun ◽  
Hong Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ferric Ion ◽  
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denitrification Process

Study on the effect of Ca2+and Fe3+addition on nitrification-denitrification process in a submerged membrane bioreactor was conducted. The removal rate of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen was investigated. The result indicated that the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate increased from 75% to 85% and 55% to 75%, respectively, as the calcium concentration ranging from 0 to 150 mg/L, which indicated that the nitrification and denitrification process were promoted. Ferric ion of 50 mg/L obtained a considerable increase in TN removal from 55% to 70% ,with an increase of ammonia nitrogen removal rate from 75% to 83%. However, ferric ion concentration ranging between 100 mg/L and 150mg/L caused a decrease of both total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency, indicating that the activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was inhibited.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Trace NO2 Addition on the Performance of CANON SBR

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Cai Qing ◽  
Ding Jiajia
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation Rate ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Two parallel CANON Sequencing Bach reactors were started, and 67ppm NO2 was added into Sequencing Bach Reactor 2 while nothing was added to Sequencing Bach Reactor 1. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of SBR1 was 65.5±5.0% at a removal rate of 0.198±0.023 kgN/m3/d. Meanwhile, the SBR2 with NO2 addition showed a removal efficiency of 67.5±6.2%, with a removal rate of 0.277±0.017 kgN/m3/d. The SBR2 had a higher removal efficiency and rate than the SBR1. The continuous addition of trace NO2 into the CANON Sequencing Bach Reactor allows conventional aerobic ammonia oxidation with O2 as the electron acceptor and ammonia oxidation of with NO2 as the electron acceptor to take place simultaneously, thus improving the ammonia oxidation rate and autotrophic nitrogen removal performance. China Library Classification No.: X703.1 Literature Label: A Article No.:

scholarly journals Electrochemical Treatment of High Concentration Ammonia using RuO2/Ti Anode and TiO2 Nanotube Cathode

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Sumin Lee ◽  
Daewon Pak
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Chlorine Ion

Objectives:In this study, the treatment potential of ammonia in wastewater generated by S company odor removal process was tested by using electrochemical reactor with RuO2/Ti anode and TiO2 nanotube cathode. The effect of chlorine ion concentration and current density on ammonia oxidation were investigated by comparing the treatment efficiencies.Methods:380 mL of wastewater was electrolyzed for 3 h using 4 anodes and 5 cathodes and pH, NH3-N, NO3--N, and TN were measured and analyzed every 30 minutes.Results and Discussion:As the addition of chlorine ion increases, about 1,700 mg/L of ammonia in the wastewater was found to increase in oxidation reaction rate due to an increase in chlorine based oxidizing agent. An increase in chlorine based oxidizing agent leads to an increase in indirect oxidation. As a result, total nitrogen removal was increased. Ammonia oxidation rate was increased as the current density increased. Nitrate, ammonia oxidation byproduct, was accumulated at a current density from 20 to 40 mA/cm2. At higher than 50 mA/cm2, nitrate was accumulated for a while and then decreased. Total nitrogen removal rate increased as the current density increased. During electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, hydroxyl ions were consumed by the reaction. The hydroxyl ion consumed during ammonia oxidation was less than that produced from nitrate reduction.Conclusions:Thus, ammonia in actual wastewater was completely removed using RuO2/Ti anode and TiO2 nanotube cathode and the possibility of reducing nitrate was confirmed. We confirmed the applicability of the two electrodes to the real industry.

scholarly journals Study of Carbonaceous and Nitrogenous Pollutant Removal Efficiencies in a Hybrid Membrane Bioreactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Ruys ◽  
Kamel Zerari ◽  
Isabelle Seyssiecq ◽  
Nicolas Roche
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

A hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) comprises activated sludge (free biomass), a biofilm (supported biomass), and a membrane separation. A laboratory pilot-scale HMBR was operated for seven months with high organic loads of both carbonic and nitrogen pollutants. Several experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of the height of the packing bed (27 cm, 50 cm, and 0 cm) and the effect of the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the organic removal rate, total nitrogen removal rate (TN), and ammonium removal. The organic removal rate was always >95% and mostly >98%. The NH4+-N and TN removal rates were directly related to DO. NH4+-N removal rate reached 100% and was mostly >99% with a concentration of DO > 0.1 mg/L, whereas the NO3--N removal rate was differentially affected depending on the level of DO. The removal rate increased when the concentration of DO was optimal for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, which was between 0.1 and 0.5 mg/l, and the TN removal rate was consequently high. The removal rate decreased when DO was high and denitrification was consequently low thereby reducing the TN removal rate. This implies that high levels of DO (>1 mg/L) limit the denitrification process and low levels of DO (<0.1 mg/L) limit the nitrification process and hence total nitrogen removal in the bioreactor.

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