Stopgap coagulation technology for arsenic removal from rural household drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
T. Yuan ◽  
J.Y. Hu ◽  
Q.F. Luo ◽  
J.P. Cheng ◽  
S.L. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Ferric Sulfate ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
High Arsenic

This study is intended to develop a stopgap coagulation protocol for immediate health protection of residents exposed to high arsenic from drinking water. The results of a simulated manual jar-test showed that ferric sulfate can maintain a satisfactory arsenic removal efficiency (>95%), and be relatively independent of water conditions. Combining with effective sand filtration, 20, 30, 60 mg/L of ferric sulfate were suitable for removing <0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 mg/L of As(V), respectively. With decanting (after settling for 8∼10 h), however, ferric sulfate of 60 or 70 mg/L was needed to remove <0.5 or 0.5–1.0 mg/L of As(V), respectively. The removal rates of As(III) could achieve similar levels to that of As(V) once the water samples were pre-oxidized. The javelle water was selected as site applicable oxidant for As(III), although ozone sparging, hydrogen dioxide solution and bleaching powder also showed good performances. It was noted that the stopgap coagulation protocol was readily and acceptable to be applied by the local residents. The makeshift strategy will immediately protect the health of local residents before some kinds of long term and effective ways could be applied. Experiences obtained in this study provide valuable information for other places encountering the arsenic problem in rural drinking water.

scholarly journals Quality of Drinking Water in the Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabir Nurtazin ◽  
Steven Pueppke ◽  
Temirkhan Ospan ◽  
Azamat Mukhitdinov ◽  
Timur Elebessov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Growth Economic

The thinly populated Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region lies in the lower reaches of the Ili-Balkhash basin, which is shared by China and Kazakhstan. The district is arid and heavily dependent on inflows of surface water, which are threatened by the effects of upstream population growth, economic development, and climate change. The quality of drinking water from centralized water systems and tube wells in nine villages of the district was analyzed, and the organoleptic properties of water from these sources was also assessed by an expert and via surveys of local residents. Although most samples met governmental standards for the absence of chemical impurities, high concentrations of mineralization, chlorides, boron, iron, and/or uranium were present in some well water samples. Levels of these pollutants were as much as 4-fold higher than governmental maxima and as much as 16-fold higher than concentrations reported previously in surface water. All centralized water samples met standards for absence of microbial contamination, but total microbial counts in some well water samples exceeded standards. Organoleptic standards were met by all the water from five villages, but centralized water from one village and well water from four villages failed to meet standards based on expert judgment. Residents were, for the most part, more satisfied with centralized rather than well water, but there was no obvious relationship between the failure of water to meet standards and the locations or populations of the settlements. This is the first comprehensive assessment of groundwater used for drinking in the lower Ili-Balkhash basin, and although it relies on a limited number of samples, it nevertheless provides evidence of potentially serious groundwater contamination in the Balkhash District. It is thus imperative that additional and more detailed studies be undertaken.

Characterization of Drinking Water Odour Arising from Spring Thaw for an Ice-Covered Upland River Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hrudey ◽  
D. Rector ◽  
N. Motkosky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Biogenic Source ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Recurring odour events during spring thaw in the North Saskatchewan River led to a program to characterize contributing odour agents. Raw and treated water samples were adsorbed on granular activated carbon which was then exhaustively solvent extracted. The solvent concentrates were subjected to a Chromatographie sniffing procedure combined with gas chromatographic-mass spectral analyses. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol were identified by sensory and analytical means as likely major contributors to the raw water odour. Benzaldehyde, camphor and dihydroactinidiolide were other relevant compounds identified. Given the near freezing water conditions at the time of the odour event, the biogenic source of the odour agents remains a subject for investigation.

Residue detections in soil and shallow groundwater after long-term herbicide applications in southern Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. D. Hill ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
C. W. Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Southern Alberta

After herbicide applications for 1–24 yr, there were no detectable residues of glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, bromoxynil or methylchlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in soil at two long-term tillage sites and one long-term manured site. The only detectable residues in soil were of diclofop and triallate. Residues of bromoxynil, diclofop and MCPA but not dicamba, 2,4-D or triallate, were detected in the groundwater at the manured site. Diclofop was detected in 6% and bromoxynil and MCPA in 2% of 84 water samples collected at the manured site. Maximum concentrations of bromoxynil (6.5 μg L−1) and diclofop (47 μg L−1) in the groundwater at the manured site exceeded levels set by the Canadian drinking water guidelines. Long-term application of herbicides has not caused accumulation of harmful residues in southern Alberta soils, but the presence of certain herbicides in the groundwater at concentrations above the level set by the drinking water guidelines is cause for concern. Key words: Herbicide residues, tillage, manure, soil, groundwater

scholarly journals Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks of Long-Term Exposure in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak U. Benson ◽  
Oyeronke A. Akintokun ◽  
Adebusayo E. Adedapo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

Levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water from water treatment plants (WTPs) in Nigeria were studied using a gas chromatograph (GC Agilent 7890A with autosampler Agilent 7683B) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The mean concentrations of the trihalomethanes ranged from zero in raw water samples to 950 μg/L in treated water samples. Average concentration values of THMs in primary and secondary disinfection samples exceeded the standard maximum contaminant levels. Results for the average THMs concentrations followed the order TCM > BDCM > DBCM > TBM. EPA-developed models were adopted for the estimation of chronic daily intakes (CDI) and excess cancer incidence through ingestion pathway. Higher average intake was observed in adults (4.52×10-2 mg/kg-day), while the ingestion in children (3.99×10-2 mg/kg-day) showed comparable values. The total lifetime cancer incidence rate was relatively higher in adults than children with median values 244 and 199 times the negligible risk level.

scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment due to the presence of toxic metals in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Sladjana Milojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Village

In order to verify the content of macro- and microelements in drinking water in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district, which has no centralized water supply system, an analysis of the water sampled from two individual wells was conducted using the indirect method recommended by Rajkovic and associates. Tests on the RDA and AAS showed that: Al, Fe, Cr, Pb and U were in concentrations higher than the values allowed by Regulations on the hygienic quality of drinking water. To determine the risk of the presence of toxic metals in the elevated concentrations, the assessment of short-term and long-term potential carcinogenic risks was conducted. Based on the results obtained in the tested water samples, it is noticed that the value of the coefficient of risk (CR) was less than 1 for all potentially toxic metals that were determined in drinking water, which implies that there is no short-term carcinogenic potential risk to human health. Based on the results of the long-term potential risk for the occurrence and development of cancer, the risk of getting cancer of Cr was identified in the inhabitants of the village that used potable water of the first sample. In case of Pb, a risk of developing cancer, concerning the first sample of drinking water, may occur in 44 out of 1000 people and regarding the second sample, in 183 out of 1000 people. Based on the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of U in drinking water, it can be seen that there is a health risk related to the use of both water samples. On the basis of the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of uranium in drinking water, it can be noticed that the use of both water samples may lead to the potential risk of developing cancer: in 24.5 inhabitants regarding the first water sample and in 10.3 out of 1000 inhabitants in the case of the second water sample.

scholarly journals Treatment of water from different sources for safe drinking of rural poultry and livestock of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Ruma ◽  
MH Haque ◽  
MA Zinnah ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Bleaching Powder ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Rural Poultry

The research work was under taken to find out the effect of various treatments on water of different sources with a view to supply safe drinking water for rural poultry and livestock. For that, water of four different sources (lake, river, tap, tube well of BAU campus) were collected during the period from December 2006 to June 2007 and subjected to several treatments with physical (heat) and chemical (Hello tab, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, alum and acetic acid) means in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202 with a view to get water free from deleterious microorganisms those are easily transmitted through drinking water of the above mentioned sources. Water of all the sources were subjected to microbiological examination before and after treatment. No bacteria was found in the water samples collected from tube well of five places of BAU campus following cultural examination. Gram positive rod shaped bacteria were isolated from the river and tap water of Ishakhan Hall Lake (IHL), Brahmaputra river (BR), Taposhi Rabeya Hall (TRH), Teacher staff quarter (TSQ), Microbiology laboratory (ML) and Bangabandhu Hall (BBH) whereas Gram negative rod shaped bacteria (E. coli) were isolated from the water of IHL, BR and from the tap water of ML and BBH. Gram positive cocci was found only in the tap water of ML. The pre-treatment culture of water samples revealed that the TVC (387 CFU/ml) and TCC (75 CFU/ml) were highest in the water of lake compare to those of other water samples collected from river and taps. As a physical means heat treatment (1000C for 4 to 8 minutes) was highly effective. No single colony was found in all the water samples following treatment with heat. No changes in colour, taste and odour were noticed before and after heat treatment of all the water samples. Among the chemical agents, Hello tab (0.05 g/100 ml) was found to be the most effective to make the water free from all the microbial contamination. The taste, colour and odour of the Hello tab treated water samples were found as normal as safe drinking water. The colour, taste and odour of water treated with bleaching powder, potassium permanganate, alum and acetic acid were also examined and it was found that the colour, taste and odour were not normal after treatment of the water samples. Therefore, it may be concluded that the water treated with Hello tab was found superior compare to the water of other treatments in this study which was found free from microbial contamination and unpleasant taste and order. Key words: Water, microorganisms, chemical agents, heat DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1337 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 37-43

scholarly journals Occurrence and Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Drinking Water in Tunceli, Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veysel Demir ◽  
Sezai Ergin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The City ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The objective of this study was to analyze drinking water samples from 21 sites in the city center and seven municipalities of Tunceli, Turkey, in order to determine the presence of nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, bromate, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trihalomethanes (THMs), and some other chemicals. In all locations, the concentrations of chemicals investigated were below the permissible limits set by local and international organizations for drinking water. Low levels of nitrate (4.79 ± 4.20 mg/L), fluoride (0.11 ± 0.08 mg/L), and THMs (6.63 ± 5.14 μg/L) were detected in all locations. A low level of tetra, chloroethane, which is suspected to be a human carcinogen, was also detected in 8 locations in the range of 0.26–0.43 μg/L. These contaminants may pose adverse health effects or minimum hazard due to long-term exposure. In all locations, bromate, benzene, total PAH, 1-2 dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, acrylamide, and epichloridine levels in drinking water samples were under detection limits.

scholarly journals Feasibility assessment of household based small arsenic removal technologies for achieving sustainable development goals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sahadat Hossain ◽  
Fahima Akhter ◽  
Victor Emery David Jr
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Removal Technologies

Abstract. Access to pure drinking water is always occupying as the centric position for long-term sustainable development for all. Although Bangladesh has improved its overall status in drinking water sector compared to 1990 scenario. In 2015, its total safe water sources reached to 87 % i.e., still 13% far from full goal achievement. Besides, it has been estimated that 22 of total 164 million population are exposed to > 50 to < 200 μg/L and 5.6 million are to > 200 μg/L respectively. Therefore, achieving sustainable drinking water goals are still challenged for Bangladesh. This study is aimed to assess the hindrance for achieving the entire sustainable development goals (SDGs) and evaluating the role of existing household based Small Arsenic Removal (SAR) technologies in drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh. The literature based evaluation is revealed that SAR technologies have been playing an important role for achieving the SDGs in drinking sectors in Bangladesh. Conversely, the lack of guild lines on their produced sludge laden and consequently improper dumping are adversely affecting the socio-economic and environmental ecosystems. In this vein, there is a framework has been developed based on the relevant studies for achieving the long-term SDGs in the drinking water sector in rural Bangladesh.

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