Ion exchange process in the presence of high sulphate concentration: resin regeneration and spent brine reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baciocchi ◽  
A. Chiavola
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Sulphate Concentration ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Resin Regeneration

This paper provides new insights on the regeneration step of an ion exchange process for the treatment of surface and ground water characterized by high sulphate concentration. Repeated regeneration of ion exchange resin with a sodium chloride solution (brine) did not alter the resin performances with respect to the fresh one. Besides, neither the sodium chloride concentration of the brine, which was varied between 1 and 3 M, nor the presence of sulphates at concentrations up to 20 g/L in the brine, did notably affect the regeneration efficiency. The brine was effectively treated by adding calcium or barium chloride, in order to remove the sulphates and re-establish the original chloride concentration. Calcium chloride was allowed to obtain up to 70% sulphate precipitation, whereas an almost 100% precipitation efficiency was obtained when barium chloride was used. The precipitation step was described by a model based on the mass action, coupled to the Bromley model for the description of the non-ideal behaviour of the electrolytic solution. This model was shown to give correct, or at least conservative, estimates of the equilibrium sulphate concentration when either calcium or barium chloride was used as precipitating agent.

scholarly journals Amberlite IRC-718 ion chelating resin extraction of hazardous metal Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and theoretical modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhamid Addala ◽  
Moussa Boudiaf ◽  
Maria Elektorowicz ◽  
Embarek Bentouhami ◽  
Yacine Bengeurba
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chelating Resin ◽  
Exchange Potential ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Hazardous Metal

Abstract Under varied conditions, the IRC 718 ion-exchange resin is used to extract chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. On chromium (VI) removal effectiveness, the effects of adsorption dosage, contact time, beginning metal concentration, and pH were examined. The batch ion exchange process reached equilibrium after around 90 minutes of interaction. With an initial chromium (VI) concentration of 0.5 mg/dm3, the pH-dependent ion-exchange mechanism revealed maximal removal in the pH 2.0–10 range . The adsorption mechanism occurs between Cr(VI) determined as the electron acceptor, and IRC 718 determined as the electron donor. The equilibrium ion-exchange potential and ion transfer quantities for Amberlite IRC 718 were calculated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The overall ion exchange capacity of the resin was determined to be 187.72 mg of chromium (VI)/g of resin at an ideal pH of 6.0.

Further treatment of ion exchange brine with dynamic vapour recompression

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vaudevire ◽  
E. Koreman ◽  
G. Galjaard ◽  
R. Trommel ◽  
M. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Ion Separation ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Controlled Precipitation

In the context of the development of the SIX© Ion exchange process, the Dutch water company (PWN) decided to investigate options for treatment of the brine arising from the regeneration of the resin. Main goals for the brine treatment are volume reduction and product recovery (water + NaCl). In this regard a biological denitrification (DNF) aiming at total nitrate removal followed by a nanofiltration (NF) aiming at ion separation (monovalent/bivalent) focused on NaCl re-use were implemented on a pilot scale recovering 80% of the total SIX brine (implying 80%recovery of NaCl). Further NF concentrate minimization and Sodium Chloride reclamation would allow a reduction of the disposal fees and chemical uses and therefore largely increase the overall process sustainability. During operation on a pilot scale with a capacity of 250l/h, the Dynamic Vapour Recompression (DVR) technology has proved itself to be capable to reduce the raw regenerate another 6 to 10 times reaching meanwhile the solubility limits of NaCl and other salts making their recovery on a solid stream possible. The condensate that resides after DVR treatment is low contaminated and is therefore suitable for re-injection upstream the SIX pre-treatment process. Laboratory scale evaporation tests showed that salts would precipitate according to the following order: BaSO4 >BaCO3 > MgSO4 > MgCO3 >CaCO3 > CaSO4 > Na2CO3 > Na2SO4 and NaCl. A sequenced thickening by DVR treatment leads to selective precipitation of BaSO4, BaCO3, MgCO3, CaCO3 and CaSO4 at concentration factor around 8 but beyond a CF of 10 it leads to a more or less simultaneous precipitation of NaCl, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 without fouling/clogging problems of the DVR. A reuse of a heterogeneous (co)precipitate solid fraction is difficult; however this problem could be countered by further investigation on a temperature controlled precipitation of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4. Cooling down the DVR brine saturated in dissolved sodium chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate to a temperature of 5 °C increases solubility differences between sodium chloride and its two contaminants, making their separation possible.

scholarly journals Removal of lead, cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions by using ion exchange resin C 160

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bożęcka ◽  
Monika Orlof-Naturalna ◽  
Stanisława Sanak-Rydlewska
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Ion Exchange Process

Abstract Industrial waste solutions may contain toxic Pb, Cu, Cd and other metal ions. These ions may also be components of leachates in landfills of ores. The toxicity of the ionic forms of these metals is high. For this reason the paper presents the results of studies on one of the methods to reduce their concentration in aqueous solutions. The article presents the results of studies on the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions from model aqueous solutions with synthetic ion exchange resin C 160 produced by Purolite. The investigated ion exchanger contains sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) in its structure and is a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin. The range of the studied initial concentrations of the Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in the solutions was from 6.25 mg/L to 109.39 mg/L. The results confirmed that the used ion exchange resin C160 efficiently removes the above-mentioned ions from the studied solutions. The highest degree of purification was achieved in lead solutions for the assumed range of concentrations and conditions of the ion exchange process. It reached 99.9%. In the case of other solutions, the ion exchange process occurs with lower efficiency, however it remains high and amounts to over 90% for all the ions. The results of research were interpreted on the basis of the Langmuir adsorption model. For each studied ion, sorption capacity of the ion exchange resin increases until the saturation and equilibrium state is reached. Based on the interpretation of the Langmuir equation coefficients, an indication can be made that the studied ion exchange resin has a major sorption capacity towards the copper ions. In their case, the highest value of constant qmax was obtained in the Langmuir isotherm. For Cu2+ ions it was 468.42 mg/g. For Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, this parameter reached the values of 112.17 mg/g and 31.76 mg/g, respectively. Ion exchange resin C 160 shows the highest affinity for the Pb2+ ions. In this case, the achieved value of coefficient b is highest and equals 1.437 L/mg.

Method for the Recovery of Indium from Diluted Bioleaching Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Vostal ◽  
Ute Šingliar ◽  
Martin Bertau
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Indium Oxide ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Impregnated Resin ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Using a commercially available solvent impregnated resin, Lewatit TP272, in an ion exchange process, it was possible to extract up to 90 % indium from a feed containing as little as 1 mg/L indium in the presence of high amounts of impurities, i.e. 1000 mg/L iron and zinc each. It was demonstrated that through gradient regeneration of obtained loaded ion-exchange resin, it is possible to yield a solution containing as much as 400 mg/L indium along with 400 mg/L iron, thereby upgrading its purity more than 600 times. Moreover, it was shown that this solution can be fed into an existing solvent extraction procedure which would yield an indium oxide with more than 99 % purity.

Effect of Metallization on the Electromechanical Properties of Microfluidically Synthesized Hydrogel Beads

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Kudtarkar ◽  
Patricia Iglesias ◽  
Thomas W. Smith ◽  
Michael J. Schertzer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Resin Beads ◽  
Dielectric Coefficient

This investigation demonstrates that metallization can be used to tailor the electromechanical properties of polymer beads. Rigid ion exchange resin beads and softer microfluidically synthesized polyionic liquid hydrogel beads were metallized using an ion exchange process. Metallization increased bead stiffness and dielectric coefficient while reducing resistivity in all beads examined here. Gold-filled beads were preferable over platinum-filled beads as they generated greater changes in electrical properties with smaller increased stiffness. These properties could be further altered by performing multiple metallization steps, but diminishing returns were observed with each step. Ion exchange resin beads were always stable after multiple metallization steps, but polyionic beads would often rupture when repeatedly compressed. Polyionic beads with higher ionic liquid (IL) content were more fragile, and beads synthesized from monomer solutions containing 1% IL were mechanically robust after three metallization steps. These 1% IL beads delivered similar electrical properties as the IONAC beads that also underwent three metallization steps at a significantly reduced stiffness.

Effect of Cycles and Ion-Exchange on the Purification of Lithium Carbonate

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yao Chun Yao ◽  
Yong Nian Dai ◽  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Industrial Grade

In this study, high-purity Li2CO3 was prepared by carbonation-decomposition and ion-exchange methods using the industrial-grade lithium carbonate, and the effect of cycles and ion-exchange of the mother liquor on purification was investigated. Results showed that the process of cycles can improve the purity and productivity of Li2CO3. The impurities (such as K, Na, Ca and Mg) could be removed in the process. The purity of product decreased and the impurity contents increased after 4 cycles. At the same time, the ion-exchange process by D412 resin was used to deeply remove the residual Ca and Mg after the simple carbonation-decomposition and cycle process. The comparison of different flowing speed of solution through the ion-exchange resin indicated that the low flowing speed was beneficial for the deep removal of the Ca and Mg. considering the problem of efficiency, the flowing speed of 10-20 ml/min was appropriate. The high purity and productivity of Li2CO3 indicated that the carbonation-decomposition method combining with the mother liquor cycles and ion-exchange method has a good perspective in the field of lithium carbonate purification.

scholarly journals Copper recovery from chalcopyrite flotation plant tailings acid leach using ion exchange resin dowtm XUS 43578.00

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.23) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Melvin M. Mashingaidze ◽  
Catherine N. Shifotoka
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Leach Solution ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Acid Leach

This study examined the feasibility of recovering copper from a sulphuric acid leach solution of chalcopyrite flotation plant tailings assaying 0.18 % copper and 0.19 % zinc using DOWTM XUS 43578.00 ion exchange resin. Zn2+cations are counter ionsto Cu2+cations during the ion exchange process. Adsorption and desorption tests were conducted on the resin with a leach solution containing26 mg Cu/L and 225 mg Zn/L,under various conditions of pH, DOWTM XUS 43578.00resin dosage, agitation time and eluant(ammonium hydroxide solution) concentration. The DOWTM XUS 43578.00resindemonstrated a high selectivity for copper over zinc, with a separation factor of 30.26 mg/g. The highcopper distribution coefficient of65L2/g2suggeststhe resin can effectively concentrate copper in leach solutions of these particular tailings.A 4M ammonium hydroxide solution yielded the highest copper recoveryat pH 3and0.6gresin dosageafter3hours of agitation. These results can be improved by a pre-treatment step to remove the zinc before the copper ion exchange process, and modifying the experiments to simulate industrial practice by having multi-stage sorption and desorption phases. 

An ion exchange process with thermal regeneration IX. A new type of rapidly reacting ion-exchange resin

Desalination ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Bolto ◽  
K. Eppinger ◽  
A.S. Macpherson ◽  
R. Siudak ◽  
D.E. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Thermal Regeneration ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
New Type

Ion exchange equilibria of arsenic in the presence of high sulphate and nitrate concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baciocchi ◽  
A. Chiavola ◽  
R. Gavasci
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Exchange Equilibrium ◽  
Resin Phase ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Mass Action Law ◽  
Anionic Resin

The aim of this work was to develop a quantitative description of the ion exchange equilibria of arsenic on a strong anionic resin, in the presence of nitrates and sulphates. First, the ion exchange equilibrium data of As(V) and NO3− on a strong anionic resin in chloride form were obtained and described with a model based on the mass action law. Namely, assuming ideal behaviour for both solution and resin phase, the thermodynamic constant of the As(V)/Cl− and NO3−/Cl− ion exchange equilibria were estimated by fitting of experimental data. Then, these equilibrium constants were used to predict the ion exchange behaviour of the ternary system As(V)/NO3−/Cl−, providing a rather good agreement with experimental results. The ion exchange equilibria involving sulphate ions were also studied, showing a very high affinity to the resin phase. This behaviour did not allow a quantitative robust modelling of the equilibrium pattern. The results discussed in this paper represent a first step toward the development of a comprehensive modelling of the ion exchange process for the removal of As(V) from surface and groundwater in the presence of competitive, naturally occurring anions.

scholarly journals Removal of Mercury from Waste Water: Large-Scale Performance of an Ion Exchange Process

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ritter ◽  
J. P. Bibler
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Laboratory Waste ◽  
Pass Through

Duolite™ GT-73 ion exchange resin routinely reduces the mercury content of a waste water stream to less than the permitted level of 10 ppb. Effluent concentrations from the ion exchange facility (IEF) are consistently between 1 to 5 ppb, even though the feed contains a varying concentration of mercury (0.2 to 70 ppm). Two operational problems have been encountered at that facility, however. Firstly, the stated capacity of the resin for mercury was not being achieved. The abnormally low capacity was traced to analytical laboratory waste which was intermittently treated by the resin. That waste contained hydrochloric acid, stannous chloride, and potassium permanganate, among other chemicals, which presumably eluted sorbed mercury from the resin and also oxidized the thiol (SH) functional groups on the resin and rendered them inactive. The net effect was that the resin had to be replaced more frequently than anticipated. Secondly, the IEF was temporarily shut down because the mercury content of the waste water could not be reduced to below the permitted level, even with fresh resin. That problem was caused by slow settling solids composed mainly of iron which apparently adsorbed some of the mercury and allowed it to pass through the resin untreated. The solids were presumably a result of processing waste water abnormally high in iron which may have co-precipitated with mercury and other elements in the feed and caused a residual buildup of solids throughout the IEF. The problem was remedied by installing a 0.2 µm cartridge filter between the feed tank and the columns.

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