Diagnosis of the ageing of water pipe systems by water quality and structure of iron corrosion in supplied water

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Ishiwatari ◽  
Iori Mishima ◽  
Norihiko Utsuno ◽  
Masafumi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Quality Water

To develop a method for screening ageing of water supply systems by analysing the supplied water's quality, water samples were collected from a water treatment plant, a delivery pump station, two distribution reservoirs and two feed pipes along a water pipe system. Principal component analysis of the water was conducted. In the first principal component, many elements exhibited high factor loadings, whereas the major contributor for the second principal component was iron (Fe). The unlined steel pipe, which was beyond its working lifetime, had a significantly high Fe content in suspended solids. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis showed differences in the abundance ratios of Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH among the sampling points. It was concluded that the concentration and speciation of Fe in supplied water can be a useful index for detecting the ageing of pipes.

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

scholarly journals Addressing the challenges in projects of water treatment plants and storage of potable water: a case studies of the water supply system in the state of Goiás, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Louise de Melo Dores ◽  
Felipe Corrêa Veloso dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Variation Curve

AbstractTo elaborate efficient and economical water supply systems is one of the main objectives in the sanitation companies water system projects. In order to address the challenges faced in reaching this objective, this study aims to identify, first, the relation between the percentage of non-conformed samples in treated water and the inefficiency of the filtering units installed in the water treatment plant, and second, if, by drawing the consumption variation curve it is the most efficient way to predict the storage tanks volume—comparing necessary capacity, determined by the consumption curve, and installed capacity, predict by the outdated Brazilian normative. In order to reach answers for these two questions, this study measured the operating efficiency of the treatment plant as well as have set a quantitative comparison between the two dimensioning criteria for storage tanks volume present in the literature. As a result, the analysis provided the authors to detect a focus of contamination in the single-layered filtering units, limited by the filtering capacity of 2–6 m3/(m2 day), whilst operating at 333.13 m3/(m2 day). As well as to detect by the drawing of the consumption variation curve an oversize of 68% and 60% in the dimensioning of the studied storage tanks. With the results provided by this analysis approach, it was possible to efficiently detect and correct critical impairments in the treatment phase and to conclude that a long-term analysis should be drawn in order to affirm if the consumption variation curve is the best design methodology for the reservoirs.

scholarly journals Research solutions technical - water technology to reduce the water loss for water supply system of Hochiminh city

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Vo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Pipe Line

The HCMC water supply system have built from the French Colonial period, and developed without planning and systematic study during the war time. In the beginning, this system used for the small town Saigon- Gia Dinh. Today, the capacity of water supply system is 1,85 million m3/day and will increase up to 2,5 million in next few year and up to 4-5 million m3/day according with the HCMC water supply system planning approved by Government. The climate change issues, salt water lever increase, polution... affect directly into the raw water resource of the existing and future water treatment plant. Beside that, the big size water supply transmission pipe line and the distribution water supply system of 06 hydrolique zone in HCMC damaged according with time : bad quality and No- update information of pipe system… It bring the real water loss level in HCMC so high up to 40% - 50% .The acceptable technologies & techniques solution to find the leak, optimal management for the water supply system to reduce the water loss is extremely essential, to support the clean water resources for the sustainable development of the HCM City.

Vibration Analysis in Multiple Close Proximity Flow Restrictions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Verma ◽  
George Horiates ◽  
Nicholas Kanellis
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Flow Profiles ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pipe Segment ◽  
Flow Phenomena

Abstract In this study, a segment of water conveyance system at a chemical manufacturing facility is under investigation. The pipe segment under investigation conveys a daily average flow of five million gallons of water per day (MGD) from the river to a water treatment plant. The exact age of the pipe system is unknown as limited construction or maintenance information exists. The study area is a pipe segment near the treatment plant where three flow restrictions exist within a 30-foot distance bounded by a T-junction and a water filtration plant. These restrictions include two self-actuated butterfly valves and an orifice plate on a 16-inch diameter steel pipe, buried approximately three feet below ground surface. When standing in the study area, heavy vibrations are felt at the ground surface. The valves and orifice plate are to control flowrate and reduce pressure from 80 PSI to 45PSI as the flow enters the water treatment plant. Flow restrictions in close proximity can cause cavitation, water hammer and other flow phenomena within a pipe system. This can result in excessive wear of the pipe’s inner walls and valves which may compromise the structural integrity and/or function of the system. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is a useful tool for determining if the conditions for the various flow phenomena are present in a system. The flow characteristics were numerically calculated in MATLAB then computationally modeled in AFT Fathom. The purpose of the numerical analysis was to describe the stability of the fluid flow at discrete points in the pipe network and identify the network segments with significantly unstable flow profiles. The purpose of the AFT Fathom CFD model purpose was to provide a continuous simulation of the flow stability in the pipe segment and provide a more robust description of the flow profiles in the network. While Fathom cannot explicitly predict cavitation or water hammer, the kinematic parameters produced by the Fathom model and the physical conditions observed in the study indicate that water hammer is likely occurring.

scholarly journals Integrity Assessment of Pipe System in a Full-Scale Membrane Water Treatment Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 363-374
Author(s):  
H. K. Oh ◽  
J. Y. Eom ◽  
S. H. Kang ◽  
H. C. Yoo ◽  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Integrity Assessment

Online monitoring and control of drinking water corrosion potential at a full-scale plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-782
Author(s):  
F. Zraick ◽  
C. Cazin ◽  
S. Bedry ◽  
M. Andres ◽  
B. Rabaud
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract To mitigate pipe and water quality degradation in distribution, treatment targets were established to continuously control the corrosion potential of drinking water towards cement, lead and iron materials at a 225 MLD surface water treatment plant. Indicators were identified to estimate the corrosion potential of water for each of the 3 materials: the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) for cement, pH for lead and a novel corrosion index for iron. Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) probes equipped with cast iron and lead electrodes provided direct and continuous measurements of actual lead and iron corrosion rates for finished water. Corrosion control was achieved by adjustments to caustic soda doses. The set-point for finished water pH was determined with a site-specific algorithm using online values for temperature, pH, and conductivity as surrogate for calcium and alkalinity. Over the 7 months of implementation, measured iron corrosion rates were maintained well below the established threshold of 50 μm/year. Lead corrosion rates varied from 20 to 40 μm/year with higher levels occurring when pH dropped below 7.5. The full-scale experience validated a treatment strategy and demonstrated the feasibility of using LPR probes for online monitoring of corrosion potential on drinking water matrices.

scholarly journals Model For Mixing Process Improvement at Water Treatment Plant by Integrating Lean Manufacturing and Parameter Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mastiadi Tamjidillah ◽  
Herry Irawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Parameter Design ◽  
Colloid Particle ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
Quality Water

The aim of integrating lean manufacturing and parameter design is to minimize seven non-value wastes in addition to the traditional waste in clean water production. These additional wastes to be considered are overproduction, waiting, motion, transportation, inventory, overprocessing, and defects. Information obtained from each waste is the input for the parameter design of the mixing process. The result of interaction between these seven types of waste in the lean production of clean water reveals that overprocessing waste is the most influential input in the parameter design of the Taguchi method. In the process of adding the level of concentration of poly aluminium chloride coagulant in the mixing process, a turbidity level below 5 nephelometric turbidity units is obtained, which in fact is in accordance with the health standard for clean water. An observation was also made on the behavior of flocs as the effect of Brownian motion due to the attractive force of poly aluminium chloride coagulant and colloid particle. The particle was then examined using a scanning electron microscope to find out the dimension of grain-sized flocs as the result of sedimentation in the mixing process. By properly integrating lean manufacturing and parameter design to minimize waste, a quality water meeting the set standard would be produced.

Analysis of rainwater quality according to seasonality in the city of Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO AKIRA OHNUMA JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Critical periods and abnormal rainfall events have been observed in the South-East of Brazil in recent years and this has affected both the amount and quality of the volume of water in the water supply systems. This study seeks to assess the influence of seasonal factors on the quality of rainfall at a water treatment plant, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ. The methodology involved collecting rainfall samples between January 2017 and December 2018, at four specific points in the system. The parameters were analyzed statistically and followed seasonal patterns for each of the seasons of the year, and included: pH, turbidity, and electric conductivity. The results suggest that there is an urgent need to dispose of the initial volume stored in the devices of the first flush. The water contained in the tank was of a satisfactory standard for non-drinkable purposes despite the effects of seasonality on the quality of the rainfall water.

scholarly journals Potable Water From Plant Waste Water

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H. Richardson ◽  
Omer R. McDuff
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
Division 2

The direct reuse of waste affluents is not a new concept to the citrus industry. Jones(1) reported the limited reuse of lime treated treatment plant effluent as barometric leg water. Treatment plant effluent was indicated by the Coca Cola Company Foods Division(2) as suitable for reuse as cooling water. Reuse of barometric leg water through the installation of cooling towers has become an accepted practice. This relatively high quality water, which amounts to a significant part of the total plant water usage, is readily isolated from the existing systems. Paper published with permission.

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