scholarly journals Historic hydraulic works: paradigms of traditional good water governance, integrity and sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2484-2498
Author(s):  
Feirouz Megdiche-Kharrat ◽  
Xiao Yun Zheng ◽  
Mohamed Moussa ◽  
Zhang Famin ◽  
Andreas N. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Governance ◽  
Far East ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Do So

Abstract The first Water Integrity Forum in Delft, The Netherlands (June 2013), defined the core of water integrity as ‘the integrity of people and institutions governing water resources, decision making that is fair and inclusive, honest and transparent, accountable and free of corruption’. Historic hydraulic structures are man-made ancestral water systems that helped sedentism and the emergence of cities where the resource is rare or partly available. The scope of the study is to present seven examples of historic hydraulic structures from different geographic contexts, as diverse as South America, Europe, the Middle East and the Far East, as paradigms of indigenous knowledge in water governance. They are traditional gravity-flow water supplying systems whose functioning is based on eco-friendly and sustainable techniques such as the exploitation of surface and runoff water with ensuring minimal water losses, community-based management by already set rules upon common agreements, the preservation of ecological landscapes and the practice of traditional agriculture. This paper highlights those systems and connects their specifications to economic, social, political and environmental dimensions for good water governance and to water integrity key principles, Transparency, Accountability, Participation and Anti-corruption, in a way to explore their potential to do so.

Amarna: Urban Manufacture of Luxury Items

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Capital City ◽  
North West ◽  
Far North ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
The City

Little is necessary in terms of an introduction, since Amarna is one of the best-known settlements of ancient Egypt. The city was founded by pharaoh Amenhotep IV, known from his fifth regal year as Akhenaten, on his move away from Thebes and Memphis to found a new religious and administrative capital city. Akhenaten reigned approximately between 1348 and 1331 BC, and his principal wife was Nefertiti. Akhenaten’s direct successor appears to have been a figure named Smenkhare (or Ankhkheperure) who was married to Akhenaten’s daughter Meritaten. Like Nefertiti, Smenkhare/Ankhkheperure held the throne name Nefernefruaten. For this reason it is uncertain whether this individual was Nefertiti, who may have reigned for some years after the death of Akhenaten, possibly even with a brief co-regency, or whether this was a son or younger brother of the latter. The rule of Smenkhare/Ankhkheperure was short, and he or she was eventually succeeded by Tutankhamun. The core city of Amarna was erected on a relatively flat desert plain surrounded by cliffs on the east bank of the Nile, in Middle Egypt, approximately 60km south of the modern city of Minia, surrounded by the villages et- Till to the north and el-Hagg Qandil to the south. The site was defined by at least sixteen boundary stelae, three of which actually stand on the western bank, past the edge of the modern cultivation. In total, the city measures 12.5km north–south on the east bank between stelae X and J, and c.8.2km west–east between the projected line between stelae X and J and stela S to the far east, which also indicates approximately the longitude of the royal tomb. The distance between stelae J and F, to the far south-west, measures c.20km, and between stelae X and A, to the far north-west 19.2km. The core city, which is the part of the settlement examined in this section, was erected along the Nile, on the east bank, and it is defined by the ‘Royal Road’, a major thoroughfare running through the entire core city north–south.

The Failure of the Katsura-Harriman Agreement

1961 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Richard T. Chang
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Bitter Disappointment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Do So

Often the availability of new sources raises the need for reinvestigation of established historical events. This is true of the events that lead to the failure of the Far Eastern phase of railroad magnate Edward H. Harriman's proposed world-girdling transportation system, the most ambitious over-seas project ever envisioned by an American entrepreneur. In mid-October 1905, Harriman obtained tentative permission from the Japanese government for partial control of what he considered a vital link in the anticipated route—Japan's railroad in southern Manchuria. Two weeks later, to his bitter disappointment, the Tokyo authorities suspended the agreement, cancelling it in three months. Harriman's scheme in the Far East has been carefully studied by several writers, none of whom used the Japanese sources on the subject. To reinvestigate events in the light of these sources is logical; my attempt is to do so, and to suggest a possible reason for the failure of his plan in Japan that has not been considered in English-language literature.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of ITS sequences in 35S rRNA genes in Elymus dahuricus aggregate species: two cryptic species?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Rodionov ◽  
K. S. Dobryakova ◽  
N. N. Nosov ◽  
A. A. Gnutikov ◽  
E. O. Punina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Far East ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Far East

Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were sequenced for 23 species and subspecies of Elymus sensu lato collected in Russia. The Neighbor-Net analysis of ITS sequences suggested that there are four ribotypes called Core Northern St-rDNA, Core Southern St-rDNA, Northern dahuricus St-rDNA and Southern dahuricus St-rDNA. The Core Southern variant of St-rDNA is closely related to rDNA of diploid Pseudoroegneria stipifolia (PI 313960) and P. spicata (PI 547161). The Core Northern St-rDNA is closely related to rDNA of P. cognata (PI 531720), a diploid species of Kyrgyzstan carrying StY variant of the St genome. The Core Northern St-rDNA is widespread among the Elymus species of Siberia and the Far East, including Yakutia and Chukotka. The Core Southern St-ribotype is typical of southern Elymus and Pseudoroegneria of the South Caucasus, Primorye, Pakistan, and South Korea. The Northern dahuricus St-ribotype and Southern dahuricus St-ribotype are derivatives of the Core Northern and Core Southern St-ribotypes, correspondingly. Both of them were found in all four studied species of the E. dahuricus aggregate: E. dahuricus Turcz. ex Griseb., E. franchetii Kitag., E. excelsus Turcz. ex Griseb. and Himalayan E. tangutorum (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. In other words, there are at least two population groups (two races) of the Elymus dahuricus aggregate species that consistently differ in their ITS-sequences in Siberia, the Far East and Northern China. Each contains all morphological forms, which taxonomists now attribute either to different species of E. dahuricus aggr. (E. dahuricus sensu stricto, E. franchetii, E. tangutorum, E. excelsus) or subspecies of Campeiostachys dahurica (Turcz. ex Griseb.) B.R. Baum, J.L. Yang et C.C. Yen. At the moment it is unknown if there are any morphological differences between plants carrying either Northern or Southern dahuricus rDNA. Probably, they are cryptic species, but it is certain that if differences in morphology between the two races exist, they are not associated with signs that are now considered taxonomically significant and are used to separate E. dahuricus s. s., E. franchetii, E. tangutorum, and E. excelsus.

scholarly journals Ethnocultural processes among the Chukchi in the 20th century

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Galina Diachkova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Far East ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
North Siberia

Abstract This paper briefly describes the Chukchi component of a research project entitled “The role of the community-based organisations of the North, Siberia and the Far-East in the Russian Federation’s social policies.” This study, initiated in 2001, focuses on the ethnocultural processes that impact on the development of the contemporaneous Chukchi community.

scholarly journals NUOVE E STRANE E MERAVIGLIOSE COSE: AS ALTERAÇÕES NAS PRÁTICAS DE LEITURA DAS TRADUÇÕES DO RELATIO DE ODORICO DE PORDENONE (1330) * NUOVE E STRANE E MERAVIGLIOSE COSE: CHANGES IN THE READING PRACTICES IN THE TRANSLATIONS OF RELATIO, BY ODORIC OF PORDENONE (1330)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Fernando Ponzi Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Constitution ◽  
Do So

Resumo: A tradução de obras em latim para idiomas vernáculos criou a possibilidade de expandir o número de leitores e patrocinou mudanças nas formas de assimilação dos textos. Este artigo pretende investigar como essas mudanças ocorreram tomando como base o estudo do Relatio (1330), um texto de viagem baseado no relato oral do franciscano Odorico de Pordenone em sua jornada ao Extremo Oriente. A partir das cópias em latim e suas traduções dos séculos XIV e XV, buscamos as conclusões, conexões e opiniões dos leitores do norte da Península Itálica, Reino da França e das Ilhas Britânicas. Para tanto, avaliaremos a materialidade das fontes em seu aporte físico, paratextos, interferências escriturais, sinais de manuseio e marcas de propriedade que apontem diferenças no processo de assimilação dos livros em diferentes comunidades de leitores.Palavras-chave: História da leitura medieval; narrativas de viagem; comunidades de leitores; paratextos; codicologia.Abstract: The translation of Latin works to vernacular languages created the possibility to expand the readership and change in the forms of assimilation of these writings.  This article intends to find out how these changes have occurred based on the case study of the Relatio (1330), a travel narrative of the Franciscan friar Odoric of Pordenone to the Far East. Drawing on Latin and translated copies written between the 14th and 15th centuries in the north of theItalianPeninsula,Kingdom ofFrance and theBritish Isles, we seek the conclusions, connections and opinions of these readers in their reading process. To do so, we will assess the materiality of the sources physical constitution, paratexts, copyist interference, handling marks and trademarks that point to differences in the assimilation of books in different communities of readers.Keywords: History of medieval reading; travel narratives; communities of readers; paratexts; codicology. 

Carbon Monoxide Transport Through Water Curtain

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
Mabel K. K. Ip
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Far East ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Curtain ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
The Far East

Drencher water systems are commonly installed across openings for substituting fire resisting constructions in the Far East such as Hong Kong. There were studies on blocking heat and smoke, but not yet on toxic gases. Spreading of toxic gas through the water curtain discharged from the system will be studied by taking carbon monoxide as an indicator to evaluate the system performance in a fire. Blocking of carbon monoxide was demonstrated in a two-room structure with a ‘fire’ side and a ‘protected’ side. A water curtain with common design data on operating pressures and flow rates was discharged in the opening between them. A propanol pool fire of 600 mm diameter and heat release rate 165 kW was burnt in the ‘fire’ room. Carbon monoxide concentration was measured in the ‘protected’ room. It was observed that water curtain cannot block the spreading of carbon monoxide. The concentrations in the protected room were roughly the same with or without discharging the curtain. The reason is because of the large porosity inside the water curtain as proposed earlier.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Some Illustrated Books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vesco
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Far East ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Present Collection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The collection of Japanese prints, albums and illustrated books (ehon) in the Museum of Oriental Art in Venice is the result of the last stop in Japan of a journey to the Far East of Prince Henry Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi and his wife Adelgunde of Bragança, during the years 1887-1889. The gathering of more than thirty thousand objects became the core of the present collection. Among these there are about 500 illustrated books of famous ukiyoe masters, surimono, and colour prints nishikie. The creation of catalogue entries in Japanese and Italian and the analysis of each print reveals an amazing quantity of unpublished ukiyoe masterpieces and allows a division into different groups according to the subject matter. At the same time, this distinction into different genres shows an interesting tendency in the formation of the collection together with a possible new classification of the prints themselves. This study aims to shed a new light on this particular collection while focusing on a series of illustrated books by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1848). Among these the famous volumes of the Manga, the illustrated books on warriors, an unusual album with some prints from the One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji and a selection from the five volumes dedicated to teach the artisans how to draw all kind of decorations.

Risk Attitudes and Behavior Among Norwegian Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Iversen ◽  
Torbjørn Rundmo ◽  
Hroar Klempe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
The Core ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract. The core aim of the present study is to compare the effects of a safety campaign and a behavior modification program on traffic safety. As is the case in community-based health promotion, the present study's approach of the attitude campaign was based on active participation of the group of recipients. One of the reasons why many attitude campaigns conducted previously have failed may be that they have been society-based public health programs. Both the interventions were carried out simultaneously among students aged 18-19 years in two Norwegian high schools (n = 342). At the first high school the intervention was behavior modification, at the second school a community-based attitude campaign was carried out. Baseline and posttest data on attitudes toward traffic safety and self-reported risk behavior were collected. The results showed that there was a significant total effect of the interventions although the effect depended on the type of intervention. There were significant differences in attitude and behavior only in the sample where the attitude campaign was carried out and no significant changes were found in the group of recipients of behavior modification.

Is there a regional culture in Russia? Opportunities of using a sociocultural approach in economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
Е. N. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Russian Universities

The paper investigates cross-cultural differences across Russian regions using the methodology of G. Hofstede. First, it discusses the most common approaches in measuring culture and the application of the Hofstede methodology in subnational studies. It identifies the critical issues in measuring culture at the regional level and suggests several strategies to address them. Secondly, the paper introduces subregional data on individualism and uncertainty avoidance using a survey of students across 27 Russian universities. The data allow to establish geographical patterns of individualism in Russia. It is demonstrated that collectivism is most prevalent in the Volga region, while individualism characteristic becomes stronger towards the Far East. The findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls and different specifications of the regression model. Finally, the paper provides a discussion about the potential of applying the sociocultural approach in economics.

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