Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater

Abstract This work aimed to study the effect of using anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater as a culture medium for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in bubble column photobioreactors (PBRs). Batch experiments were carried out to determine the growth kinetics by inoculating microalgae in wastewater prepared with different dilutions and supplemented with Bold's Basal Medium (BBM). From the values of the saturation constants (KS = 50.25 mgN-NH4+·L−1) and substrate inhibition (KI = 28.12 mgN-NH4+·L−1) obtained in the adjustment to the Andrews kinetic model (R2 = 0.817), the PBRs achieved specific maximum growth rates (μmax) of 0.343 d−1, biomass productivity of 0.141 g·L−1·d−1, lipid content of 12.45%, lipid productivity of 17.63 mg·L−1·d−1 and instantaneous ammoniacal nitrogen consumption rates of 20.06 and 14.22 mg·L−1·d−1. The addition of wastewater to the culture medium provided an increase in biomass productivity of 57.45% in relation to the negative control. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of C. vulgaris in the removal of nitrogenous compounds and the potential of using anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater in the production of microalgae biomass.

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Development of an Organic Culture Medium for Autotrophic Production of Chlorella vulgaris Biomass

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10062156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 2156

Author(s):

Adriana Machado ◽

Hugo Pereira ◽

Margarida Costa ◽

Tamára Santos ◽

Bernardo Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Bubble Column ◽

Organic Medium ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Organic C ◽

Certified Organic ◽

Organic Culture

Microalgal biomass has gained increasing attention in the last decade for various biotechnological applications, including human nutrition. Certified organic products are currently a growing niche market in which the food industry has shown great interest. In this context, this work aimed at developing a certified organic culture medium for the production of autotrophic Chlorella vulgaris biomass. A preliminary assay in 2 L bubble column photobioreactors was performed in order to screen different commercial organic substrates (OS) at a normalized concentration of N (2 mmol L−1). The highest growth performance was obtained using EcoMix4 and Bioscape which showed similar biomass concentrations compared to the synthetic culture medium (control). In order to meet the nutrient needs of Chlorella, both OS underwent elemental analyses to assess their nutrient composition. The laboratory findings allowed the development of a final organic culture medium using a proportion of Bioscape/EcoMix4 (1:1.2, m/m). This organic culture medium was later validated outdoors in 125 L flat panel and 10 m3 tubular flow through photobioreactors. The results obtained revealed that the developed organic medium led to similar microalgal growth performance and biochemical composition of produced biomass, as compared to the traditional synthetic medium. Overall, the formulated organic medium was effective for the autotrophic production of organic C. vulgaris biomass.

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Influence of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Microalgal Growth in a Bubble Column Photobioreactor

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.137 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 599 ◽

pp. 137-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shu Wen Li ◽

Sheng Jun Luo ◽

Rong Bo Guo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Global Warming ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Co2 Sequestration ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Bubble Column ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Bubble Column Photobioreactor

The CO2 sequestration by microalgae is thought to be one of the most sustainable strategies to relieve global warming. To produce 1 ton of microalgal dry biomass, 2 ton of CO2 is required. However, insufficient supply of CO2 will limit microalgal growth, and excessive CO2 both means wasting and inhibits microalgal growth. In the present study, the dissolved CO2 concentration in culture limiting and inhibiting microalgal growth (Chlorella vulgaris) in a bubble column photobioreactor was studied. The experimental results showed that the dissolved CO2 concentration ranging from 107μmol/L to 1500 μmol/L could meet microalgal growth’s need, which provides the guidance for microalgal CO2 biofixation with high efficiency.

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Distillery Wastewater as a Sustainable Medium for Microalgae Production

10.20944/preprints201906.0184.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Viviana Quintero-Dallos ◽

Janet Bibiana García-Martínez ◽

Jefferson Eduardo Contreras-Ropero ◽

Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira ◽

Andrés Fernando Barajas-Solano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Average Value ◽

Average Production ◽

Distillery Wastewater ◽

Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽

Air Lift

This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

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Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803

10.20944/preprints201906.0244.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Viviana Quintero-Dallos ◽

Janet B. García-Martínez ◽

Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero ◽

Andrés F. Barajas-Solano ◽

Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Average Value ◽

Average Production ◽

Distillery Wastewater ◽

Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽

Air Lift

This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

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Vinasse as a Sustainable Medium for the Production of Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803

Water ◽

10.3390/w11081526 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1526 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Viviana Quintero-Dallos ◽

Janet B. García-Martínez ◽

Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero ◽

Andrés F. Barajas-Solano ◽

Crisostomo Barajas-Ferrerira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Rapid Growth ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Average Value ◽

Average Production ◽

Distillery Wastewater ◽

Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽

Air Lift

This study investigates distillery wastewater, commonly known as vinasse, as a potential culture medium for the production of Chlorella vulgaris and its most relevant metabolites. The effect of vinasse concentration on the composition of the biomass (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) was evaluated in treatments performed in 6-L tubular air-lift reactors. The reactors were operated at 25 °C for 18 days, in total darkness, under a continuous flow of air. Results showed a rapid growth of microalgae in the first ten days, when an average production of 0.87 g/L was reached. Then, the daily biomass productivity began to decrease, up to an average value of 11.8 g/L at the 16th day. For all treatments, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of most metabolites in the first eight days. This was likely due to the adaptation of the biomass to the new conditions, with a transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. From the 10th day, the concentration of metabolites in the biomass began to increase, reaching a nearly constant value at the 16th day. The observed maximum concentrations (%w/w) were: 48.95% proteins, 2.88% xylose, 7.82% glucose, 4.54% arabinose, 8.28% fructose, and 4.82% lipids. These values were only marginally affected by the type of treatment. Overall, the results obtained suggest that vinasse is a promising and sustainable medium for the growth of C. vulgaris and the production of valuable metabolites.

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Tertiary treatment of dairy industry wastewater with production of Chlorella vulgaris biomass: evaluation of effluent dilution

Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) ◽

10.5327/z21769478787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 365-373

Author(s):

Ivan Venâncio de Oliveira Nunes ◽

Carina Harue Bastos Inoue ◽

Ana Elisa Rodrigues Sousa ◽

João Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho ◽

Andreia Maria da Anunciação Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Dairy Industry ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Tertiary Treatment ◽

Tubular Photobioreactor ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Industry Wastewater

Secondary wastewaters from the dairy industry may cause eutrophication of water bodies when not properly treated, mainly because they contain nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Tertiary treatment using microalgae could be an adequate solution for Minas Gerais State, the largest Brazilian milk producer, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts, as well as providing biomass for oil extraction, and obtaining active compounds and inputs (including proteins) for animal feeding. In this work, dilutions (with distilled water) of the secondary wastewater from the dairy industry were evaluated to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris in a bench-scale tubular photobioreactor. The results indicate the feasibility of using wastewater from the dairy industry, after secondary treatment, to cultivate microalgae, showing cell growth like that obtained in control cultures (Bold basal medium). The secondary wastewater without dilution (100% wastewater) provided the best condition for biomass production. The biomass obtained in wastewater showed no differences from the biomass obtained in the Bold basal medium (control) in terms of protein, lipid content, or fatty acid profile.

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Using ferric sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and chitosan to harvest marine microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and recycling the culture medium

10.21203/rs.3.rs-164732/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinling Cai ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Chenchen Feng ◽

Xinzhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Culture Medium ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Ferric Sulfate ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Flocculation Efficiency ◽

Marine Microalga ◽

Dosage Requirement ◽

Food And Feed

Abstract Microalgae are widely used in biofuels, medicine, food, and feed industries. However, harvesting microalgal biomass is a major difficulty that hinders their industrial application. In this study, three flocculants (ferric sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and chitosan) were used to harvest the marine microalga Chlorella vulgaris, and floc characteristics including flocculation efficiency, concentration factor, and flocs morphology were studied. The results showed that the tested flocculants can efficiently harvest C. vulgaris. The flocculation efficiencies of ferric sulfate (0.9 g/L), sodium hydroxide (0.6 g/L), and chitosan (30 mg/L) were 93.4% ± 0.8%, 96.5% ± 0.6%, and 98.8% ± 1.3% within 70, 100, and 12 min, respectively. The total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contents in C. vulgaris were not influenced by the test flocculants after harvesting. When compared with fresh f/2 medium, the recycled medium could also efficiently support C. vulgaris growth. Among the three flocculants tested, chitosan was ideal owing to its high efficiency, low dosage requirement, short harvesting time, and reutilization of culture medium.

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Aquatic Toxicity of Photocatalyst Nanoparticles to Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Water ◽

10.3390/w13010077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Cristina Adochite ◽

Luminita Andronic

Keyword(s):

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Advanced Oxidation Process ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Aquatic Toxicity ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽

Density Surface ◽

The Impact

In the last years, nanoparticles such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Fe2O3 were mainly used in wastewater applications. In addition to the positive aspects concerning using nanoparticles in the advanced oxidation process of wastewater containing pollutants, the impact of these nanoparticles on the environment must also be investigated. The toxicity of nanoparticles is generally investigated by the nanomaterials’ effect on green algae, especially on Chlorella vulgaris. In this review, several aspects are reviewed: the Chlorella vulgaris culture monitoring and growth parameters, the effect of different nanoparticles on Chlorella vulgaris, the toxicity of photocatalyst nanoparticles, and the mechanism of photocatalyst during oxidative stress on the photosynthetic mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris. The Bold basal medium (BBM) is generally recognized as an excellent standard cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris in the known environmental conditions such as temperature in the range 20–30 °C and light intensity of around 150 μE·m2·s−1 under a 16/8 h light/dark cycle. The nanoparticles synthesis methods influence the particle size, morphology, density, surface area to generate growth inhibition and further algal deaths at the nanoparticle-dependent concentration. Moreover, the results revealed that nanoparticles caused a more potent inhibitory effect on microalgal growth and severely disrupted algal cells’ membranes.

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