Night Soil Treatment in Korea

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Um ◽  
S. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
And Performance

In Korea, night soil is treated in private night soil purification tanks, collected night soil treatment plants and as farmyard manure. The systems of night soil disposal, and processes, development and performance of night soil treatment plants with their technical operational problems, are reviewed and analysed to assist in implementation and technical improvement of night soil treatment plants. A great number of night soil treatment plants in Korea have aerobic or anaerobic digestion for primary treatment, and an activated sludge process for secondary treatment. Rural night soil treatment plants are small scale with an average capacity of 18.5 m3/day per plant. The number of toilets collected from is decreasing slightly, but sludge production from private night soil purification tanks is increasing. Therefore, development and extension of night soil treatment plants are very important at present. In many cases, strict control and upgrading of the quality of effluent from collected night soil treatment plants are mandatory. Low-energy systems and reduced-manpower programmes for night soil treatment plants are to be studied and developed as much as possible.

Epidemiology, impact, and predictors of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lally ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Factors Associated

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a disabling psychotic disorder that affects approximately 30% of those diagnosed with schizophrenia. In a significant proportion (about 70%) of patients with TRS, their illness is treatment-resistant from onset (early or primary treatment resistance), whilst, in the remainder, treatment resistance develops during the course of illness (late or secondary treatment resistance). TRS is associated with reduced quality of life and increased social and economic burden. Multiple sociodemographic, clinical, and biological risk factors have been assessed in relation to TRS, but their interpretation remains limited owing to methodological variation, lack of replicability, and a paucity of longitudinal studies. This chapter will review the epidemiology, societal and economic burden, and risk factors associated with TRS.

Performance of coarse pore filtration activated sludge system

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Alavi Moghaddam ◽  
H. Satoh ◽  
T. Mino
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Scale Reactor

A coarse pore filter can be applied inside the aeration tank to facilitate the separation of sludge from liquid instead of sedimentation. This filter has pores, which are irregular in shape, and the pore size is bigger than those of MF. The objectives of the study were to maintain as much as MLSS in the activated sludge process with coarse pore filter and to investigate the performance under high MLSS condition. Small-scale reactor results so far show good quality of effluent specially after starting the sludge bulking in the system in terms of SS, TOC, DOC and turbidity. The average carbon removal for 62 days operation of this system was about 94% (based on effluent DOC) and 87% (based on effluent TOC). The average sludge yield in this system is about 0.44 kg MLSS/kg TOC which is about 0.24 kg MLSS/kg BOD. This amount is less than those of conventional activated sludge and trickling filter.

Critical process design issues in the selection of the TF/SC process for a large secondary treatment plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Parker ◽  
S. Krugel ◽  
H. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Contact Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
Type Construction

The Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District (GVS&DD) is a major regional wastewater agency serving Vancouver, Canada and surrounding municipalities. It was recently required to upgrade its largest treatment plant from primary treatment to secondary treatment. After initial screening of 17 processes, three were given detailed examination: the oxygen activated sludge process (OAS), the air activated sludge process (AAS), and the trickling filter/solids contact process (TF/SC). A comprehensive alternative analysis was completed consisting of process designs, plant layouts, and contractor-type construction cost estimates. Operations and maintenance costs were prepared from staffing plans, and estimates were made for energy and chemical use. Plants were surveyed and visited to address questions such as ease of operations and reliability. The TF/SC process was selected based upon its lower present value and O&M costs, ease of operation, robustness, and lower energy usage.

LIGHTING AND PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS ON LIGHTING EFFICIENCY OF ARCHITECTURE STUDIO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Fazidah Hanim Husain
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Creative Learning ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effect Of Light

Lighting is one of the key elements in any space and building infrastructure. Good design for an area in the building requires sufficient light that contributes to the efficiency of the activities. The correct method allows natural light to transmit, reduce heat and glare in providing a conducive learning environment. Light plays a significant influence to the quality of space and contributes focus of the students in an architecture studio. Previous research has shown that the effect of light also controlled emotions, behavior, and mood of the students. The operations of artificial lighting that have been used most of the time in an architecture studio during day and night may create lavishness and inadequacy at the same time. Therefore, this paper focuses on the identifying the quality of light for the architecture studio in UiTM (Perak), to instill a creative learning environment. Several methodologies adopted in this study such as illuminance level measurement using lux meter (LM-8100), and a questionnaire survey in gauging the lighting comfort level from students’ perspective. The study revealed that the illuminance level in the architecture studio is insufficient and not in the acceptable range stated in the Malaysian: Standards 1525:2007 and  not evenly distributed.  The study also concluded that the current studio environment is not condusive and appears monotonous. 

PENGUATAN KAPASITAS WIRAUSAHAWAN MIKRO MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENDAMPINGAN DI DESA MEKARGALIH, KECAMATAN JATINANGOR, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

Dharmakarya ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
RUDI Saprudin DARWIS
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Student Service

ABSTRACTWeaknesses that are still commonly found in the businesses carried out by MSME entrepreneurs are the weakness of business accounting and packaging. Small scale business with limited marketing is seen as not requiring bookkeeping in its management and does not require packaging that is too good. This is the basis for the need for assistance to improve the capacity of MSME actors. Improving the capacity of MSME actors individually is done using the mentoring method. The choice to use a mentoring method to increase business productivity. Assistance was carried out with students of SMEs during the student service-learning program in Mekargalih Village, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency. Bookkeeping assistance is carried out by students by carrying out bookkeeping practices together so that the community can continue to learn good bookkeeping methods. Likewise, assistance in improving the quality of shredded chili packaging. Students help SMEs in designing packaging that will be used on their products. The assistance process is considered effective in supporting the business development of MSME entrepreneurs because the process can be carried out intensively. ABSTRAKKelemahan yang masih banyak ditemui pada usaha-usaha yang dilakukan pelaku UMKM adalah lemahnya pembukuan usaha dan pengemasannya. Skala usaha yang kecil dengan pemasaran yang terbatas dipandang tidak memerlukan pembukuan dalam pengelolaanya serta tidak memerlukan pengemasan yang terlalu bagus. Hal ini menjadi dasar perlunya dilakukan pendampingan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas pelaku UMKM. Peningkatan kapasitas pelaku UMKM secara perorangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendampingan. Pilihan untuk menggunakan metode pendampingan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas usahanya. Pendampingan dilakukan bersama mahasiswa terhadap pelaku UMKM selama pelaksanaan KKN mahasiswa di Desa Mekargalih, Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang. Pendampingan pembukuan dilakukan mahasiswa dengan cara melakukan praktik pembukuan bersama-sama sehingga masyarakat bisa terus mempelajari cara pembukuan yang baik. Demikian juga dengan pendampingan dalam peningkatan mutu kualitas kemasan abon cabe. Mahasiswa membantu pelaku UMKM dalam merancang kemasan yang akan digunakan pada produknya. Proses pendampingan dinilai efektif dalam mendukung pengembangan usaha pelaku UMKM karena proses bisa dilakukan secara intensif.

Strategic threats to energy security as risks of quality of people's life

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-744
Author(s):  
V.I. Loktionov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Economic Well Being ◽  
The Way

Subject. The article reviews the way strategic threats to energy security influence the quality of people's life. Objectives. The study unfolds the theory of analyzing strategic threats to energy security by covering the matter of quality of people's life. Methods. To analyze the way strategic threats to energy security spread across cross-sectoral commodity and production chains and influences quality of people's living, I applied the factor analysis and general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. I suggest interpreting strategic threats to energy security as risks of people's quality of life due to a reduction in the volume of energy supply. I identified mechanisms reflecting how the fuel and energy complex and its development influence the quality of people's life. The article sets out the method to assess such quality-of-life risks arising from strategic threats to energy security. Conclusions and Relevance. In the current geopolitical situation, strategic threats to energy security cause long-standing adverse consequences for the quality of people's life. If strategic threats to energy security are further construed as risk of quality of people's life, this will facilitate the preparation and performance of a more effective governmental policy on energy, which will subsequently raise the economic well-being of people.

From the history of manufacturing Romanian nai at the turn of 20–21 centuries

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
A. Drutsé
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Music Theater ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Doctoral Candidate ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance

The modern world popularity of the nai — a traditional Romanian instrument — has identified interest in writing this article. This problematic constitutes the circle of our research interest as a doctoral candidate, but also as a concert performer, a graduate of the Academy of Music, Theater and Fine Arts. One of the most interesting aspects of the study of nai is its technical improvement since 60s of the 20th century, which led to the acquisition of a number of new, innovative skills and performance skills. In this article we have identified some pages of the modern history of the manufacture of this ancient instrument associated with these processes.

DESAIN PILOT PLANT DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DI INDUSTRI MIGAS Studi Kasus Kilang Minyak RU-VI Balongan PT. Pertamina (Persero)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Ikbal Ikbal ◽  
Satmoko Yudo
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Secondary Treatment

Sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang sangat pesat dan meningkatnya pencemaran air tanah maupun air permukaan, serta distribusi sumber air untuk konsumsi pemakaian air yang tidak merata telah menyebabkan ketidak-seimbangan antara  pasokan dan kebutuhan akan air. Oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian yang penting dalam melakukan upaya-upaya dalam hal penyediaan sumber air. Salah satu alternatif yang banyak mendapat perhatian di banyak negara di dunia adalah menggunakan teknologi daur ulang air limbah sebagai sumber air baku untuk penyediaan air bersih. Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang mempunyai kebutuhan akan air bersih yang besar, khususnya kilang minyak. Pemakaian air di kilang minyak tersebut cukup besar yaitu sebesar 1.400 m3 perjam, apabila air hasil buangannya dapat di daur ulang sebesar 10% atau lebih saja maka kebutuhan air bersih akan dapat dihemat. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan desain instalasi daur ulang air di suatu kilang minyak. Konsep yang umum dari daur ulang adalah melakukan pengolahan air limbah untuk dijadikan air bersih, dengan menggunakan kombinasi proses pra-pengolahan (preliminary treatment), pengolahan primer (primary treatment), pengolahan primer lanjutan (advanced primary treatment), pengolahan sekunder (secondary treatment), dan pengolahan tersier (tertiary/advanced treatment). Dengan kombinasi proses tersebut dapat mengolah air limbah sampai menghasilkan air olahan dengan kualitas sebagai air minum.  Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah diperolehnya desain pilot plant instalasi daur ulang air limbah di industri migas dengan kapasitas  9 m3/jam. Kata kunci: pencemaran air, air limbah, desain daur ulang air, kilang minyak

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