Effectiveness of Wastewater Sludge Treatment Processes to Inactivate Parasites

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Reimers ◽  
D. B. McDonell ◽  
M. D. Little ◽  
D. D. Bowman ◽  
A. J. Englande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Thermophilic Digestion ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis

In the United States, Ascaris spp., Trichuris trichiura, Trichuris vulpis and Toxocara spp. are the most commonly found viable parasites in both treated and untreated municipal sludges. As expected, heat treatment, thermophilic digestion (aerobic and anaerobic) and thermophilic composting were effective in parasite inactivation, and with good sludge digestion (both aerobic and anaerobic), the effectiveness of sludge lagoon storage and sludge drying beds to inactivate parasites and pathogens is greatly enhanced. At present two commercial sludge processes, Chemfixation and Ozonics treatment have shown potential to inactivate parasites.

Effects of Various Sewage Sludge Treatment Processes on the Survival of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (Globodera spp.) and the Implications for Disposal

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 909-916
Author(s):  
A. M. Spaull ◽  
D. M. McCormack ◽  
E. B. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Thermophilic Digestion ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Effluent Exposure ◽  
Potato Crops

Samples of sewage sludges, taken over a 12-month period from 9 Scottish sewage works, contained on average 0.24 cysts of Globodera spp. (potato cyst-nematodes) of which 11% were viable. The incidence was not significantly related to season or to the presence of vegetable-processing effluent. Exposure of cysts in sludge to mesophilic anaerobic digestion (35 °C, 30 min) cold anaerobic digestion (9 weeks), pasteurisation (70 °C, 30 min) and aerobic thermophilic digestion (60 °C, ld) reduced viability of eggs within the cysts by almost 100%. Sludges so treated can therefore be considered to be free from infection risk to potato crops, although the non-infective cysts may still be recovered. Treatment with lime at pH 11.5 (20 °C, 24 h), by aerobic stabilisation in an oxidation ditch (7 weeks) and by activated-sludge treatment (5d) did not reduced viability acceptably. Accelerated cold digestion did not reduce viability sufficiently after the usual 15 weeks but rendered eggs completely non-viable after 21 weeks. The results show that even sludge treated to destroy viable cysts should not be applied to land used for growing seed potatoes and subject to testing for freedom from infestation. Treatment destroying viability should increase the acceptability of sludge for ware potato growers, although the numbers of cysts applied in untreated sludge would be unlikely to increase significantly levels of cysts in soils already infested.

scholarly journals Microwave Irradiation in Technologies of Wastewater and Wastewater Sludge Treatment: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Elena Vialkova ◽  
Marina Obukhova ◽  
Larisa Belova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Treatment Change ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Human Economic Activity

Every year, the human impact on the world’s water sources becomes more pronounced. One of the triggers to this increase is the use of ineffective wastewater and sludge treatment systems. Recently, the number of studies of microwave processing in handling liquid municipal and industrial waste has increased. This paper discusses heat treatment, change in properties, decomposition of substances, removal of metals, demulsification, pyrolysis, biogas processing, disinfection, and other topics. The findings of European, Chinese, Russian, and other authors are summarised and presented in this review. In addition, the most notable Russian patents for microwave installations/devices and reactors suitable for a wide variety of applications are discussed. In this article, the authors look at microwave wastewater and sludge treatment from the perspective of practical application in various fields of human economic activity.

scholarly journals Advanced process for thermal treatment of wastewater sludge

2007 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mika Horttanainen ◽  
Juha Kaikko ◽  
Riikka Bergman ◽  
Katja Kakko ◽  
Hanna-Mari Manninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Sludge Drying ◽  
Dried Sludge

In addition to composting and anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment is one of the mostimportant treatment methods of wastewater sludge. There are special sludge incinerationplants, built for large volumes of wastewater sludge. Sludge is also burned with other fuels,especially in the forest industry. Energy from the combustion process is usually utilized asheat only or in combined heat and power production. Combustion diminishes the volume ofthe sludge by 80 to 96% depending on the moisture and ash content of the sludge. The delaytime of the material in the combustion process is a few seconds as opposed to several days inbiological processes. At the same time, all the pathogens are completely destroyed. Thechallenges in combustion are often related to the high moisture content of the sludge, whichcan cause problems to the stability of the combustion. Sludge can be dried thermally beforecombustion to avoid these problems.In this study, we introduce the modeling results of a sludge treatment process based onthermal drying and combustion. The process utilizes the released energy in distributedelectricity production.The process under review burns the dried sludge and produces high-pressure steam in anormal power plant process. The steam is led to the turbine where heat is converted tomechanical energy. After the backpressure turbine, the steam still contains a lot of thermalenergy. In the case study this heat is not used for district heating or industrial process heatingpurposes but utilized totally for sludge drying. One advantage of this process is that no heatload is required at the sludge treatment plant, often situated far from district heating networksor industry. The need for mechanical drying of sludge can also be optimized to save in thecosts of the mechanical drying facilities and energy. With the example case it is shown howthe pre-treatment, thermal drying and combustion should be designed to achieve a purelyelectricity producing process which does not need any other sources or consumption ofenergy.

Class B biosolids production from wastewater sludge with high pathogenic content generated in an advanced primary treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jimenez ◽  
J. A. Barrios ◽  
C. Maya
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Class B ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
High Pathogenic

Alkaline post-stabilization of wastewater sludge with high pathogenic content (up to 1010 NMP/g TS of Salmonella sp. and up to 89.8 helminth eggs/g TS) was studied to evaluate the feasibility of producing Class B biosolids. The sludge was produced in pilot systems using different advanced primary treatment processes treating wastewater generated in Mexico City. Samples were dewatered to different dryness ranging from 11.5 to 29.0% TS and stabilized using quicklime in doses ranging from 15 to 40% (w/w). The levels of pathogens found in dewatered sludge were up to 8 log and 1.95 log higher than those found in primary sludge generated in the United States for Salmonella sp. and helminth eggs respectively. Distribution of genera of helminths indicated that more than 90% of the eggs found were Ascaris, while the rest were Hymenolepis, Trichuris, Toxocara and Taenia. Minimum and maximum removals ranged between 3.6 to 9.5 log for fecal coliforms; 3.7 to 7.9 log for Salmonella sp.; and 0.1 to 1.3 log for helminths. The recommended quicklime dose was determined for different solids contents in order to achieve the pH-time criteria and the levels of microorganisms required by the US EPA. Metal concentrations were below the maximum levels established for land application of biosolids.

scholarly journals BIOCHAR AS AN ECO-ADDITION IN WASTEWATER AND WASTEWATER SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES IN NON-URBANIZED AREAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mazurkiewicz Jakub ◽  
Damian Janczak ◽  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Sebastian Kujawiak ◽  
Przemysław Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
New Products ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Especially in non-urbanized areas there is a need to use various waste products, e.g. from agriculture, households, etc. New products that are created in a simple way should be able to be used many times without the use of complicated and expensive technology. This article presents the potential of biochar used in wastewater treatment processes and sludge management in small installations - for the maximum maintained number of users equal to 50. The possibilities of two substances used in sewage management processes, such as char and biochar will be presented. These substances, produced from pyrolysis, are stable carbon-rich compounds which have various beneficial applications like soil conditioning, remediation and wastewater treatment. In particular, biochar originating from wastewater sludge pyrolysis, possible to be generated at the place of formation, was taken into account. In addition, ways to increase the reliability of the treatment plant with biochar based filters are described.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

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