Effect of Petrochemical Activated Sludge on Soil Properties

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tedesco ◽  
M. Ligo ◽  
C. Gianello ◽  
Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge produced at SITEL, the integrated wastewater treatment plant of Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), situated in the municipality of Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass fields at average application rates of 24 tons/years (dry basis). With the purpose of investigating the effect produced by the application of sludge at higher rates on the soil-plant-water system, as well as the response of more commercially valuable grass species, a growth-leaching pot experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), with the supervision of SITEL. After one year, comprehensive soil analyses showed the following results:Sludge decomposition in soil, worked out from evolution of CO2, amounted to 2.7% of C lost as CO2 in relation to the C added, in 50 days, 27°C (daylight temperature) and sludge application rate of 24 t/ha.Sludge application brought about an enrichment of soil C, N and P restricted to the top layer.No significant modifications were observed in soil pH and contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and B in the top layer of soil, even at the higher sludge application rates.Slight increases were observed in contents of Na, Cu, S and electrical conductivity of the top layer, effects compatible with the characteristics of the sludge applied.Appreciable increases were observed in soil contents of Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni, in correlation with the increasing sludge application rates. The resulting values, however, fell well below the tolerable limits.Proper management of a sludge application system that reproduces the conditions chosen for this investigation can yield a useful site life of many years without appreciable environmental risks.

Subsurface Injection of Activated Sludge: Response of two Grass Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
M. Tedesco ◽  
M. Ligo ◽  
C. Gianello ◽  
Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Subsurface Injection ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge produced at SITEL, the integrated effluent treatment plant of Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), Triunfo, Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass fields at average rates of 24 tons/year (dry basis). Until now no definite destination has been found for the hay, due to its poor commercial value. With the purpose of investigating the behavior of more commercially valuable species under sludge application, a growth-leaching pot experiment is being conducted at the Soils Department of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul). Oats (Avenastrigosa) and rye grass (Loliummultiflorum) were the first species to be tested. Sludge application rates varied from 0 to 6 times the recommended operational values. The following topics were studied to date: (a) uptake of mineral nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and S; (b) translocation of heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr to shoots; (c) leaching of nutrients and metals. Initial results showed that: (i) Sludge applied at rates up to 24 t/ha (dry basis) did not cause any phytotoxic effect. However, plant macronutrients released by sludge into soil did not reach the quantities required for proper agronomic management of the crops. (ii) Nitrogen was the growth limiting nutrient and also phosphorus to a lesser extent. Potassium was supplied mainly by the soil. (iii)Some constituents that appeared in leachate from chemically-treated pots did not leach from sludge-treated pots, showing an environmental benefit from sludge over mineral amendments in that respect. (iv) Mineral nitrogen, mainly nitrate, was detected in leachate for about 45 days, decreasing with time. (v) Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr did not appear in plant tops and leachate from sludge-treated pots in worrysome amounts. The investigation proceeds with cultivation of pangola grass and millet.

Long-Term Land Application of Activated Sludge from a Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant: I - Leachate Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Simon ◽  
M. J. Tedesco ◽  
C. Gianello
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leachate Quality ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge from SITEL, the wastewater treatment plant of Polo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass and rye grass fields at an average annual rate of 24 tons/ha (dry basis). In order to assess absorption of sludge constituents by plants, modifications of soil properties and leachate quality, a microplot growth-leaching experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS since 1985. Pangola grass (Digitariadecumbens, Stent) and rye grass (Loliummultiflorum, Lam) are grown in summer and winter respectively. Some microplots have been loaded with sludge enriched with Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg since 1988. Plant nutrients such as K, Cu, Zn and B did not increase in leachate, even at the higher application rates employed. Ammonium and pH were not affected either, whilst nitrates increased at the highest application rates. Ca and Mg increased in leachate during the third and the fourth years of the experiment, probably due to the liming of the microplots. Electrical conductivity of leachate increased with sludge application. Na, chloride and sulphate, the more soluble ions, increased slowly during the first year and more rapidly during the subsequent years. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg in leachate were not consistently affected by application of pure sludge or metals-enriched sludge. The concentrations of these constituents in leachate were found to be generally below accepted limits for potable water. Exacerbation of loading of metals, bringing about introduction of total amounts that exceed current limits of addition of metals to soil, did not produce significant alterations in leachate quality. This suggests that these limits are very safe with respect to protection of aquifers. The determination of nitrates in leachate at different sludge application rates made possible the adoption of 40 tons/ha.year as the maximum allowable sludge loading rate (on dry basis) for the real sludge farms at SITEL. This figure is approximately double the operational sludge application rate at SITEL.

scholarly journals Growth and Evapotranspiration Response of Two Turfgrass Species to Nitrogen and Trinexapac-ethyl

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2053-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wherley ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
N Rates

Resolution of the effects of trinexapac-ethyl and nitrogen (N) application rate on evapotranspiration of low-cut, prostrate turfgrass species such as creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] has not been explored. This study sought to examine the integrated growth and evapotranspiration responses of these two turfgrass species to two N rates and application of trinexapac-ethyl, a commonly used growth-regulating compound for suppressing turfgrass shoot growth. ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass and ‘Tifdwarf’ bermudagrass were studied. We hypothesized that application of trinexapac-ethyl and/or lower N application rates might result in lower rates of turfgrass evapotranspiration. Two greenhouse studies were conducted over 6-week periods in 2008. A completely randomized design was used to support a two species × two N rate × two trinexapac-ethyl rate factorial. Shoot and root growth and evapotranspiration were determined from the two grass species when maintained in well-watered conditions and grown in pots. The treatments were either a high N (1.2 g N/m2/week) or a low N (0.3 g N/m2/week) application and either 0 or 28 mg·m−2 a.i. trinexapac-ethyl. Application of trinexapac-ethyl and use of the low N rate each significantly reduced shoot growth in both species; however, neither factor caused a reduction in turfgrass water use. The high N rate promoted increased root growth in both species during the spring, but there was no effect of either factor on rooting during the summer study. These results indicate that although decreasing N application rates and applying trinexapac-ethyl effectively suppress shoot growth, neither is likely to have any impact on overall water requirements for these species when maintained in well-watered conditions.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE ESTAÇÕES COMPACTAS E CONVENCIONAIS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES NO MUNICÍPIO DE DOIS IRMÃOS, RS

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Cássio Rodrigo Dias Gomes ◽  
Éverton Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Difference

No Brasil, apenas uma pequena parcela do esgoto gerado pelas cidades é devidamente tratado em estações de tratamento de efluentes . O uso de soluções individuais (fossa séptica e sumidouro) é empregado em parte do esgoto gerado, e aproximadamente um terço do esgoto doméstico não possui coleta, tampouco tratamento. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Dois Irmãos, no Rio Grande do Sul. O município avaliado encontra-se em crescimento, com a implantação prevista de novos condomínios residenciais. Desta forma, o uso de estações compactas para o tratamento de efluentes líquidos foi avaliado, verificando sua eficiência e viabilidade econômica, em comparação com a tecnologia de fossa séptica e filtro anaeróbio coletivos, convencionalmente utilizada pelo município (estação de tratamento convencional). O trabalho mostra de forma comparativa, os custos de implantação, operação e manutenção, além de trazer as informações sobre a eficiência dos sistemas de tratamento de efluentes, quais sejam estação de tratamento compacta e estação de tratamento convencional. A questão mais relevante quando se compara os dois sistemas é a diferença no custo de implantação, onde o sistema compacto analisado seria até 81,22% mais econômico do que o convencional. Além da questão econômica, a eficiência do sistema compacto mostra-se superior ao sistema convencional. A estação compacta apresentou 97,97% de remoção de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, enquanto a estação convencional removeu 77,67% do mesmo parâmetro. Palavras-chave: Estação de Tratamento de Efluente. ETE Compacta. ETE Convencional.ABSTRACTIn Brazil, only a small portion of the sewage generated by the cities is properly treated in wastewater treatment plants. The use of individual solutions (septic tank and sump) is used in part of the generated sewage, and approximately one-third of the domestic sewage has no collection or treatment. The present study was developed in the city of Dois Irmãos, Rio Grande do Sul. The evaluated municipality is growing, with the expected implementation of new residential condominiums. Thus, the use of compact stations for the treatment of liquid effluents was evaluated, verifying their efficiency and economic viability, in comparison with the technology of collective septic tank and anaerobic filter, conventionally used by the municipality (conventional treatment station). The work compares the implementation, operation and maintenance costs, as well as information on the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems (compact treatment plant and conventional treatment plant). The most relevant issue when comparing the two systems is the difference in deployment cost, where the compact system analyzed would be up to 81.22% more economical than the conventional one. Besides the economic issue, the efficiency of the compact system is superior to the conventional system. The compact station showed 97.97% of biochemical oxygen demand removal, while the conventional station removed 77.67% of the same parameter.Keywords: Effluent Treatment Station. Compact STE. Conventional STE.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term organic amendments on chemical and microbial properties of a luvisol

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Scherer ◽  
D.J. Metker ◽  
G. Welp
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Sludge Application

We studied the long-term effect (about 45 years) of farmyard manure, sewage sludge and compost application in two increments on organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>), the amount (C<sub>mic</sub>) and activity of the microbial biomass (soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity), total N content and N delivery of soils as compared to manuring with mineral fertilizers. The application of both increments of compost and the high sewage sludge application rate resulted in an increase in C<sub>org</sub> while soils treated with both compost application rates and the high farmyard manure application rate showed a significant increase in C<sub>mic</sub>. C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub> ranged between 1.7 and 3.3. Dehydrogenase activity and soil respiration were the greatest in the soil with the highest compost and farmyard manure application rates. Total soil N content was significantly higher in both compost treatments and in the treatment with the high sewage sludge application rate. This was accompanied by the highest N uptake of ryegrass. &nbsp;

The Development of Assessment Techniques to Evaluate the Biodegradation of Oily Sludge in a Landfarming System

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
D. C. P. Casarini ◽  
R. M. de Macedo ◽  
R C de A Cunha ◽  
J. C. O. Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

A respirometer assay was developed with the intention of defining a standard methodology to identify the major mechanisms related to biodegradation of oily sludge in a landfarming system. The oily sludge is characterized as a biological sludge produced in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which treats industrial and domestic wastewater from a petroleum refinery. The effects of soil pH control, nutrient balance, and sludge application rates were investigated. It was concluded that the methodology is acceptable as a procedure to qualify waste for land treatment. The soil with pH control (pH about 7.0) was shown to be more effective in oily sludge biodegradation than without pH control. Under these experimental conditions, the best application rate for the oily sludge on soil was 1% (w/w) of its hydrocarbon content. Soil pH control, sludge nutrient balance, and sludge application rate are all of importance to optimize the system, to avoid leaching, and to protect the groundwater. The landfarming system has been used by several refineries.

Estudo da Dispersão do Monóxido de Carbono Associado a Emissão Veicular na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre com o Sistema de Modelagem Numérica CCATT - BRAMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Leandra ávila da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Félix Alonso ◽  
Sabrina Feltes de Moura ◽  
Túlio Felipe Verdi Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre

Resumo O monitoramento contínuo da qualidade do ar local é extremamente importante para a gestão ambiental de uma cidade, mas nem sempre viável pelo alto custo dos equipamentos. Por conta disso, investe-se muito na utilização da modelagem numérica no estudo da qualidade do ar, que é altamente dependente de inventários de emissões dos poluentes e seus precursores. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo da dispersão do monóxido de carbono (CO) na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando o sistema de modelagem numérica CCATT-BRAMS, com ênfase nas fontes veiculares. Foram analisados dois períodos - janeiro de 2009 e janeiro de 2016 - utilizando-se as informações dos inventários de gases precursores elaborados pela FEPAM para os anos base de 2009 e 2013, respectivamente, distribuídos espacialmente com o auxílio do pré-processador de emissões PREP-CHEM-SRC utilizado pelo CCATT-BRAMS. No geral, as simulações representaram coerentemente os dados observados pela rede de monitoramento, com RMSE abaixo de 0,3 na maioria das estações avaliadas. Análises de sensibilidade também revelaram que, para o período avaliado, aproximadamente 40% da concentração de CO sobre a cidade de Porto Alegre foi devido ao transporte de larga escala, proveniente das cidades localizadas ao norte, dentro da Região Metropolitana.

CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO CONHECIMENTO DA AVIFAUNA DO MUNICÍPIO DE TAQUARA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Marcelo Pereira de Barros ◽  
Ana Paula Lima da Silveira ◽  
Bruna Reis Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Disturbances ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Hydrographic Basin

As aves destacam-se dentro dos vertebrados por serem um grupo diverso e adaptado a diferentes ambientes, a composição da comunidade de aves de um determinado local é um importante bioindicador ambiental, pois ela reflete alterações recentes ou pretéritas de determinada área. Na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, as pressões sobre os remanescentes de ecossistemas naturais são intensas em decorrência da urbanização crescente, do estabelecimento de indústrias e da ampliação das fronteiras agrícolas, esses fatores associados geram a redução e fragmentação de habitats, com impactos irrecuperáveis para a flora e a fauna. Devido à escassez de dados sobre a avifauna do município de Taquara, o presente estudo teve como objetivo levantar informações sobre o grupo, listando as espécies de aves locais. Entre agosto de 2016 e junho de 2017 foram realizadas quatro amostragens mensais em duas áreas rurais do município, totalizando 44 campanhas de observação e 132 horas de esforço amostral. As espécies foram identificadas e classificadas conforme sua frequência de ocorrência mensal, em espécies comuns e raras. Foram registradas 133 espécies distribuídas em 47 famílias, o que representa mais de 20% das espécies ocorrentes para o estado. Ao longo do período amostrado, 90 espécies foram classificadas como comuns e 47 consideradas raras para as áreas pesquisadas.Palavras-chave: Aves. Bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos. Preservação.ABSTRACTBirds stand out within vertebrates because they are a diverse group adapted to different environments. The composition of the bird community of a certain place is an important environmental bioindicator since it reflects recent or previous environmental disturbances of a certain area. In the Sinos River Basin, environmental pressures on the remnants of natural ecosystems are intense as a result of increasing urbanization, the establishment of industries and expansion of agricultural frontiers which generate habitat reduction and fragmentation with irrecoverable damages on flora and fauna. Due to the scarcity of data on the avifauna of the municipality of Taquara, the present study aimed to gather information and list the species of local birds. Between August 2016 and June 2017, four monthly samplings were carried out in two rural areas of the municipality, totaling 44 observation campaigns and 132 hours of sample effort. The species were identified and classified as common and rare according to their frequency of occurrence. There were 133 species distributed in 47 families, representing more than 20% of the species that occurred in the state. During the sampled period, 90 species were classified as common and 47 were considered rare for the areas surveyed.Keywords: Birds. Hydrographic basin of Sinos River. Preservation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document