The Development of Assessment Techniques to Evaluate the Biodegradation of Oily Sludge in a Landfarming System

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
D. C. P. Casarini ◽  
R. M. de Macedo ◽  
R C de A Cunha ◽  
J. C. O. Mauger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

A respirometer assay was developed with the intention of defining a standard methodology to identify the major mechanisms related to biodegradation of oily sludge in a landfarming system. The oily sludge is characterized as a biological sludge produced in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant which treats industrial and domestic wastewater from a petroleum refinery. The effects of soil pH control, nutrient balance, and sludge application rates were investigated. It was concluded that the methodology is acceptable as a procedure to qualify waste for land treatment. The soil with pH control (pH about 7.0) was shown to be more effective in oily sludge biodegradation than without pH control. Under these experimental conditions, the best application rate for the oily sludge on soil was 1% (w/w) of its hydrocarbon content. Soil pH control, sludge nutrient balance, and sludge application rate are all of importance to optimize the system, to avoid leaching, and to protect the groundwater. The landfarming system has been used by several refineries.

Effect of Petrochemical Activated Sludge on Soil Properties

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tedesco ◽  
M. Ligo ◽  
C. Gianello ◽  
Z. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge produced at SITEL, the integrated wastewater treatment plant of Pólo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), situated in the municipality of Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass fields at average application rates of 24 tons/years (dry basis). With the purpose of investigating the effect produced by the application of sludge at higher rates on the soil-plant-water system, as well as the response of more commercially valuable grass species, a growth-leaching pot experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul), with the supervision of SITEL. After one year, comprehensive soil analyses showed the following results:Sludge decomposition in soil, worked out from evolution of CO2, amounted to 2.7% of C lost as CO2 in relation to the C added, in 50 days, 27°C (daylight temperature) and sludge application rate of 24 t/ha.Sludge application brought about an enrichment of soil C, N and P restricted to the top layer.No significant modifications were observed in soil pH and contents of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and B in the top layer of soil, even at the higher sludge application rates.Slight increases were observed in contents of Na, Cu, S and electrical conductivity of the top layer, effects compatible with the characteristics of the sludge applied.Appreciable increases were observed in soil contents of Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni, in correlation with the increasing sludge application rates. The resulting values, however, fell well below the tolerable limits.Proper management of a sludge application system that reproduces the conditions chosen for this investigation can yield a useful site life of many years without appreciable environmental risks.

Long-Term Land Application of Activated Sludge from a Petrochemical Wastewater Treatment Plant: I - Leachate Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Simon ◽  
M. J. Tedesco ◽  
C. Gianello
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Leachate Quality ◽  
Sludge Application

Excess activated sludge from SITEL, the wastewater treatment plant of Polo Petroquímico do Sul (South Petrochemical Complex), Triunfo, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, is disposed of by subsurface injection on pangola grass and rye grass fields at an average annual rate of 24 tons/ha (dry basis). In order to assess absorption of sludge constituents by plants, modifications of soil properties and leachate quality, a microplot growth-leaching experiment is being conducted at the Department of Soils of UFRGS since 1985. Pangola grass (Digitariadecumbens, Stent) and rye grass (Loliummultiflorum, Lam) are grown in summer and winter respectively. Some microplots have been loaded with sludge enriched with Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg since 1988. Plant nutrients such as K, Cu, Zn and B did not increase in leachate, even at the higher application rates employed. Ammonium and pH were not affected either, whilst nitrates increased at the highest application rates. Ca and Mg increased in leachate during the third and the fourth years of the experiment, probably due to the liming of the microplots. Electrical conductivity of leachate increased with sludge application. Na, chloride and sulphate, the more soluble ions, increased slowly during the first year and more rapidly during the subsequent years. Heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg in leachate were not consistently affected by application of pure sludge or metals-enriched sludge. The concentrations of these constituents in leachate were found to be generally below accepted limits for potable water. Exacerbation of loading of metals, bringing about introduction of total amounts that exceed current limits of addition of metals to soil, did not produce significant alterations in leachate quality. This suggests that these limits are very safe with respect to protection of aquifers. The determination of nitrates in leachate at different sludge application rates made possible the adoption of 40 tons/ha.year as the maximum allowable sludge loading rate (on dry basis) for the real sludge farms at SITEL. This figure is approximately double the operational sludge application rate at SITEL.

Application of ozonation to reduce biological sludge production in an industrial wastewater treatment plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Albuquerque ◽  
J. C. Domingos ◽  
G. L. Sant'Anna ◽  
M. Dezotti
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Production

Biosolids production in the activated sludge process generates an additional cost to wastewater treatment plants due to the growing requirements for sludge treatment and disposal. This work focuses on the application of ozonation to reduce sludge production in an industrial wastewater treatment plant. The results show that ozonation was able to promote cell wall rupture, releasing intracellular matter into the liquid medium. This effect was observed by the increase in concentrations of DNA (1.14 to 7.83 mg/L) and proteins (0.5 to 45.602 mg/L) in the liquid phase, when ozonation was applied during 10 min, using 30 mg/L of ozone. Reduction of sludge production was assessed by calculating the observed sludge yield coefficient (Y) in bench-scale continuous experiments conducted with varying proportions of ozonated sludge in the recycle stream and recycle ratios. Reduction of sludge production ranged from 14 to 39%, depending on the experimental conditions. The best result in terms of sludge excess reduction was achieved when 20% of the recycle sludge was ozonated and the recycle ratio was 0.67.

scholarly journals Effect of Oily Sludge Land Treatment on Soil Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hasan Mahdi Mohammed Alkhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Land Treatment

Land treatment is a method of handling wastes produced by the petroleum refining industry and others. This method allows the simultaneous treatment and final disposal of the waste. This study represent a fundamental filed investigation to follow the land treatment method for disposing of an oily sludge produce by Daura Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant. The sludge typically consists of (84.5-86.2)% water, (4.7-5.3)% oils, and (8.4-9.25)% sediments. It is characterized by law contents of phenol, nitrogen, and heavy metals of environmental concern. Loamy sand soil land located inside Daura Refinery was selected and divided into a1-sq. meter plots. A range of sludge application rates was applied to add the sludge to (mix with) the upper 15 cm soil layer of 18 plots, whereas 6 plots left as control plots. The applications range included three applications ratios of (fresh sludge wt,  : dry soil wt.) as (1:3), (1:6), and (1:10), each of them was applied in three application intervals: weekly, monthly, and seasonally. Selection of the best application rate was made with regard to sludge degradation and land area requirements. Soil samples were tested for oil residue, heavy metals, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, pH, and aggregate stability. The results show that, monthly (1:10) application rate caused neither considerable downward oil migration in the soil nor significant accumulation of oil, heavy metals, or salts in the soil. However, it maintained neutral soil pH and improved soil aggregate stability. Oil biodegradation in the soil was encouraged by soil weakly tillage.

Suivi du fonctionnement d'une station d'epuration associant physico-chimie et biofiltration = Metabief (France)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Sludge Characteristic

The sewage treatment plant of Metabief (East of France) has been monitored during three weeks in winter 1988. The treatment associates a physico-chemical treatment with a biological process of biofiltration. The first step eliminates about 60 % of the organic matter (COD and BOD). The biofliters improve the treatment removing 60 % of COD influent and 65 % of TSS. The process is efficient (N excepted) under conditions of the experiment but nitrification is limited by cold temperatures (< 10°C). Important results related to biological sludge product are presented (sludge characteristic, microscopic data, sludge production). Power consumption of biofliters represents 70 % of the total plant needs. Adequate control of washing cycles and close survey of numerous movable devices are of the utmost importance to guarantee the proper operating of biofliters.

Basic Studies on Phosphorus Removal by the Contact Aeration Process Using Iron Contactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haruta ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
T. Nishiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The authors have developed what we call the submerged iron contactor process as a simple and inexpensive phosphorus removal method for small-scale plants disposing of domestic wastewater and household wastewater treatment tanks. In this method iron contactors are submerged in biological treatment tanks, where phosphate anions in wastewater are combined with iron cations produced through corrosion of the contactors, and the compound thus produced is precipitated and removed together with biological sludge. In these studies, laboratory experiments were made on the contact aeration process combined with the above-mentioned method, and the following findings were obtained. (1) It is desirable to treat wastewater by making use of corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria instead of corrosion by oxygen dissolved in wastewater, to conduct a stable phosphorus removal by this combined method. (2) The corrosion rate of iron contactors is affected by the volumetric loading of BOD in the tanks where they are submerged. (3) Assuming that an iron contactor continues to suffer corrosion evenly all over the surface when our combined method is applied, it is estimated that the corrosion rate is about 1mm or less in 30 years.

A Batch Activated Sludge Study of Pineapple Wastewater Using a Bioaugmentation Process

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Fuaad Nik Abllah ◽  
Aik Heng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Sludge Production

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the feasibility of batch activated sludge reactor for treating pineapple wastewater and to examine the effects of bioaugmentation on treatment performance. The experimental set-up consists of eleven batch reactors. Activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as seed for the reactors. Synthetic pineapple wastewater was used as feed for the reactors. The eleven reactors were arranged to evaluate the total organic removal, nitrification, and sludge production by bioaugmentation process. Three major factors considered were influent organic loading, ammonia-nitrogen, and dosage of bacterial-culture-product addition. Removal of TOG (total organic carbon), sludge production in terms of SS(suspended solids), and ammonia-nitrogen removal variation are used as evaluation parameters. The TOC removal efficiency after the end of a 48 hour reactor run, for influent TOC of 350.14 to 363.30 mg/l, and 145.92 to 169.66 mg/l, was 94.41 to 95.89%, and 93.72 to 94.73% respectively. Higher organic removal was observed in the bioaugmented reactors with higher organic loading. The better organic removal efficiency in the bioaugmented reactors was probably due to activities of bacteria added. The test results also indicated that sludge yield was enhanced by the bacteria additive and high bacteria dosage produced less sludge. Bioaugmentation was observed to be a suitable alternative for enhancing the biological treatment of pineapple wastewater.

Use in Agriculture of Sludge from Chemical Treatment of Sewage

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
G. Castillo ◽  
A. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Chemical Sludge ◽  
Sludge Application

The reutilization in agriculture of the sludge produced in the chemical treatment of sewage is investigated. Aluminium sulfate (50 mg/l) and sodium hydroxide (50 and 200 mg/l) are added to domestic sewage allowing it to settle and eliminating floating materials. Three kinds of raw chemical sludge are digested and dried. Their sanitary quality is determined by two bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms) and one viral indicator (E. coli bacteriophage) and the fertilizing capability of digested and dry sludge by sowing leguminous crops (Phaseolus spp ) in soil with 11 tons/ha sludge application rate. Digested and dried sludge from conventional treatment in equal conditions to those of chemical sludge is used as reference. Sanitary quality results show that raw and digested chemical sludge are not recommended for use in agriculture due to their high microbiological contamination. Dry sludge could be considered for this purpose due to its low fecal organisms content. However the development of leguminous crops in soil with dry aluminium sludge application shows no seed germination. The results of leguminous growth in digested sludge of sodium hydroxide (200 mg/l) justify an additional treatment to adequate its sanitary quality for use in agriculture.

Comparison of lime and alum as oily sludge conditioners

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Joo Hwa ◽  
S. Jeyaseelan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Capillary Suction ◽  
Sludge Cake ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Optimum Chemical

Chemical conditioning improves sludge dewatering. Choice of chemical conditioners is very much dependent on the characteristics of the sludges and the type of dewatering devices. Lime, alum, ferric chloride and polyelectrolytes are commonly used chemical conditioners. Anaerobic digested sludge samples collected from a sewage treatment plant with different oil contents varying from 1.8% to 8.0% by weight have been examined in the laboratory to find out their specific resistance, capillary suction time and filter yield. Lime and alum were used separately as conditioners. Different dosages of conditioner varying from 2% to 12% by weight were used to determine the optimum chemical dosage for varying oil contents. Lime dosages of about 6% were found to yield favourable characteristics. Addition of alum decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly up to 4% dosages. Alum dosages beyond 4% only increase the solids content in the sludge cake and increase the sludge volume to be handled. A correlation between CST and specific resistance to filtration was established. CST can be measured easily and quickly in the laboratories. Using the CST and the correlation a quick prediction on dewaterability can be established.

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