Delaqua – A Prototype Expert System for Operational Control and Management of Lake Water Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder Recknagel ◽  
Erhard Beuschold ◽  
Uwe Petersohn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Raw Water Quality

The expert system DELAQUA (Deep Expert system LAke water QUAlity) combines AI and simulation methods to support decision making in water quality control of lakes and reservoirs. It contains a knowledge base (PROLOG 2), a data base (dBASE III+) and a simulation system (FORTRAN 77) by which the following decision aids can be made available:derivation of recommendations for operational control of undesired impacts on raw water quality by algal blooms or pathogen germsclassification of raw water quality by means of legal standardsdrawing of analogy conclusions by the use of measured and simulated water quality data of reference waterspredictions of raw water quality under changing control strategies and environmental conditions of lakes and reservoirs. The expert system was implemented on an IBM-PC with MS.DOS operating system.

An approach for determining the most critical among a suite of chemical contaminants at a drinking water intake

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Peter M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Raw Water Quality

An integrated approach for the identification and assessment of the most critical chemical contaminant(s) at a drinking water intake has been developed. It involves the determination of a threshold or critical raw water concentration (CRWC) for target contaminants using the observed overall removal efficiency of a specific water treatment plant (WTP) and regulated drinking water concentrations for the target contaminants. The exceedance probability relative to the CRWC based on historical raw water quality monitoring data is then calculated. Finally, the integration of the raw water quality data and the overall efficiency of a particular WTP sequence allows for identification of the most critical contaminant(s) as well as an advance indication of which contaminants are most likely to challenge a plant. The proactive nature of this approach gives a utility the impetus and time to assess current treatment processes and potential alternatives. In addition, it was found that three- or four-parameter theoretical distributions are more appropriate than two-parameter probability distributions for the fitting of raw water quality data. This study reveals that the reliance on raw and/or treated water contaminant concentrations in isolation or on theoretical removals through treatment processes can, in some circumstances, be misguided.

scholarly journals Watershed-Based Evaluation of Automatic Sensor Data: Water Quality and Hydroclimatic Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Cantoni ◽  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Water Quality Variables

Water is a fundamental resource and, as such, the object of multiple environmental policies requiring systematic monitoring of its quality as a main management component. Automatic sensors, allowing for continuous monitoring of various water quality variables at high temporal resolution, offer new opportunities for enhancement of essential water quality data. This study investigates the potential of sensor-measured data to improve understanding and management of water quality at watershed level. Self-organizing data maps, non-linear canonical correlation analysis, and linear regressions are used to assess the relationships between multiple water quality and hydroclimatic variables for the case study of Lake Mälaren in Sweden, and its total catchment and various watersheds. The results indicate water discharge from dominant watersheds into a lake, and lake water temperature as possible proxies for some key water quality variables in the lake, such as blue-green algae; the latter is, in turn, identified as a potential good proxy for lake concentration of total nitrogen. The relationships between water discharges into the lake and lake water quality dynamics identify the dominant contributing watersheds for different water quality variables. Seasonality also plays an important role in determining some possible proxy relationships and their usefulness for different parts of the year.

Integrating quality and cost of surface raw water: Upper and Middle Vaal Water Management Areas South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
B. Dzwairo ◽  
F. A. O. Otieno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Raw Water Quality ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
The Cost

The user-pays principle encourages use of a water tariff structure that incorporates pollution and/or depletion of a water resource because that water represents a capital resource base. Development of a tool that models variability of surface raw water quality in order to predict cost of treatment thus makes economic sense. This paper forms the backbone for an on-going doctoral study in South Africa's Upper and Middle Vaal Water Management Areas (U&MVWMAs) of the Vaal River (VR). Specific objectives of the overall research are; to carry out pollutant tracer hydrochemistry of specific reaches of the U&MVWMAs including producing an integrated ecological functionality for the whole study area, and to develop a tool that models the variability of surface raw water quality using surface raw water tariffs and water quality data for years 2003–2008. This paper concluded that downstream water boards (WBs) paid a higher water resources management charge (WRMC) for more polluted raw water than upstream WBs. It was recommended that a quality-cost model be incorporated at tier1 of the cost chain for water services to ensure fairness of service delivery and spread of burden to consumers.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

A modeling approach to simulate impact of climate change in lake water quality: phytoplankton growth rate assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Hassan ◽  
Keisuke Hanaki ◽  
Tomonori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth Rate

Global climate change induced by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (especially CO2) is expected to include changes in precipitation, wind speed, incoming solar radiation, and air temperature. These major climate variables directly influence water quality in lakes by altering changes in flow and water temperature balance. High concentration of nutrient enrichment and expected variability of climate can lead to periodic phytoplankton blooms and an alteration of the neutral trophic balance. As a result, dissolved oxygen levels, with low concentrations, can fluctuate widely and algal productivity may reach critical levels. In this work, we will present: 1) recent results of GCMs climate scenarios downscaling project that was held at the University of Derby, UK.; 2) current/future comparative results of a new mathematical lake eutrophication model (LEM) in which output of phytoplankton growth rate and dissolved oxygen will be presented for Suwa lake in Japan as a case study. The model parameters were calibrated for the period of 1973–1983 and validated for the period of 1983–1993. Meterologic, hydrologic, and lake water quality data of 1990 were selected for the assessment analysis. Statistical relationships between seven daily meteorological time series and three airflow indices were used as a means for downscaling daily outputs of Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM2SUL) to the station sub-grid scale.

scholarly journals Modelling Water Quality Improvements in a South Korean Inter-Basin Water Transfer System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3173
Author(s):  
Hye Won Lee ◽  
Bo-Min Yeom ◽  
Jung Hyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Selective Withdrawal ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Data

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using constructed wetlands for non-point source pollution reduction. The effect of constructed wetlands in reducing suspended solids (SS) was analyzed using an integrated modeling system of watershed model (HSPF), reservoir model (CE-QUAL-W2), and stream model (EFDC) to investigate the behavior and accumulation of the pollution sources based on 2017 water quality data. The constructed wetlands significantly reduced the SS concentration by approximately 30%, and the other in-lake management practices (e.g., artificial floating islands and sedimentation basins) contributed an additional decrease of approximately 7%. Selective withdrawal decreased in the average SS concentration in the influents by ~10%; however, the effluents passing through the constructed wetlands showed only a slight difference of 1.9% in the average SS concentration. In order to meet the water quality standards, it was necessary to combine the constructed wetlands, in-lake water quality management, and selective withdrawal practices. Hence, it was determined that the model proposed herein is useful for estimating the quantitative effects of water quality management practices such as constructed wetlands, which provided practical guidelines for the application of further water quality management policies.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Donghu Lake Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Based on Remote Sensing and MIKE 21

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Li ◽  
Mutao Huang ◽  
Ronghui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
Donghu Lake ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Numerical simulation is an important method used in studying the evolution mechanisms of lake water quality. At the same time, lake water quality inversion technology using the characteristics of spatial optical continuity data from remote sensing satellites is constantly improving. It is, however, a research hotspot to combine the spatial and temporal advantages of both methods, in order to develop accurate simulation and prediction technology for lake water quality. This paper takes Donghu Lake in Wuhan as its research area. The spatial data from remote sensing and water quality monitoring information was used to construct a multi-source nonlinear regression fitting model (genetic algorithm (GA)-back propagation (BP) model) to invert the water quality of the lake. Based on the meteorological and hydrological data, as well as basic water quality data, a hydrodynamic model was established by using the MIKE21 model to simulate the evolution rules of water quality in Donghu Lake. Combining the advantages of the two, the best inversion results were used to provide a data supplement for optimization of the water quality simulation process, improving the accuracy and quality of the simulation. The statistical results were compared with water quality simulation results based on the data measured. The results show that the water quality simulation of chlorophyll a and nitrate nitrogen mean square errors fell to 17% and 24%, from 19% and 31% respectively, after optimization using remote sensing spatial information. The model precision was thus improved, and this is consistent with the actual pollution situation of Donghu Lake.

scholarly journals Water Quality Characterization of Varsity Lake, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
pp. S245-S254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aqeel Ashraf ◽  
M. Jamil Maah ◽  
Ismail Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

Lakes and reservoirs are important sources of water supply, generate electricity and to irrigate fields. Since, lakes act as catchment basins for close to 40% of the landscape so serve as recreational, sporting and fishing activities. Varsity Lake University of Malaya (UM) is beautiful landscape at the front of the UM main entrance. It is used mainly for recreational and sporting (canoeing) activities. Study has been carried out in order to analyze water quality, nutrients and metals load starting from water inlets into the lake basin. It was found that there is high concentration of oil and grease particles in water due to water flow from cafeteria of college 2, engineering and built environment faculties which cause BOD and TSS value to be higher then normal in the lake. It was one of the main factors that caused the death of fish in the lake in recent months. Mercury and nitrate concentration is also high in the lake. A body contact is involved due to sporting and recreational activities so parameters are compared with Malaysian Interim water quality standards and it was concluded that lake water quality is not fulfilling the recreational spot criteria and is hazardous to human and fish life in the lake. Recommendations are proposed for immediate action. Best management practices is also discussed for prevention of oil and grease particles from entry into lake water to protect this valuable water resource from being polluted.

scholarly journals The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Kristofer Hägg ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply although the resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality, and in many cases, pre-treatment is required. Such pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent pre-treatment affects the subsequent pond infiltration process is still unknown. Here we evaluate the impact of two different pre-treatment methods of water from a eutrophic, temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water from a lake only filtered through a 500 µm pore size drum filter, while the other part received pre-treated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminium chloride (PACl), combined with sand filtration (contact filtration). Changes in water quality were assessed at different stages in the two treatment processes. We show that contact filtration reduced phosphorus with 96 %. Moreover, the total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was improved from 55 % to 70 %, corresponding to an average reduction from 3.5 mg/L to 2.4 mg/L In addition, the pre- treatment in the artificial recharge pond reduced the cyanobacteria blooms and reduced the microcystin level. However, there were no sigificant differences in microcystin levels in the groundwater, i.e. the artifical recharge infiltration pond was effective for microcystin removal even without contact filtration. Hence, in a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising to reduce the levels of cyanobacterial toxins, as well as nutrients and TOC, which are all predicted to increase in a future climate change perspective.

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