Linear Alkylbenzenes (LABs) in Urban Riverine and Coastal Sediments and Their Usefulness as a Molecular Indicator of Domestic Wastes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideshige Takada ◽  
Ryoshi Ishiwatari
Keyword(s):  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzenes ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates ◽  
Coastal Bay ◽  
Degree Of Degradation ◽  
Dry Sediments

Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) were measured in river and coastal (bay) sediments in Tokyo metropolitan area. LABs are widely distributed in the sediments with concentrations of a few µ g/g-dry sediments. LAS contents in sediments are extremely low in Tokyo Bay (~ 0.01µg/g) as compared with those in the rivers (hundreds µg/g). This fact indicates the higher persistency of LABs in the riverine and coastal sediments. The progressive relative depletion of external isomers (in which the phenyl group is attached near to the end of the alkyl chain) was observed on going from the source (i.e. LABs in commercial LAS-detergents) to Tokyo Bay sediments. An incubation experiment substantiated that the isomeric change of LABs is caused by selective microbial degradation. The I/E ratio (ratio of [6-C12 AB + 5-C12 AB] relative to [4-C12 AB + 3-C12 AB + 2-C12]; n-Cm : n indicates the position of substitution of phenyl group to alkyl chain and m indicates the number of carbons in the alkyl chain) was proposed as an index of LAB degradation. I/E ratio of LABs in Tokyo Bay sediments indicates the degree of degradation of LABs to be 50 % at most.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some Potential Bioactive Imidazolium-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Albalawi ◽  
Wael El-Sayed ◽  
Ateyatallah Aljuhani ◽  
Saud Almutairi ◽  
Nadjet Rezki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Conventional Procedure

An environmentally-friendly and easy synthesis of a series of novel functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) is described under both the conventional procedure and microwave irradiation. The structures of newly synthesized room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were established by different spectral analyses. All ILs (1–14) were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically isolated bacteria. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that some of the tested ILs are very promising anti-bacterial agents especially those containing an alkyl chain with a phenyl group (most notably 1, 2, 12, and 13).

Special Issue on Crisis Management and Recovery Following Tokyo Metropolitan Near Field Earthquake Disaster

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Hayashi ◽  
Keiko Tamura ◽  
Munenari Inoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Special Project

It is expected that Tokyo Metropolitan area and her vicinity may be jolted by a devastating earthquake with a 70% chance for the next 30 years. The worstcase scenario for Tokyo Metropolitan earthquake is a M7.3 earthquake beneath northern Tokyo Bay. According to the Central Disaster Prevention Council, A total of 12,000 people will be dead and economic losses will exceed 112 trillion yen. Areas with a seismic intensity of JMA 6 – and more will include Tokyo, Chiba, Saitama, and Kanagawa, resulting in 25 million victims – 20% of Japan’s total population. No country has not experienced such a large-scale earthquake in recorded history, but it does not mean such a disaster will not occur. In order to cope with such an unprecedented disaster, we must face and solve a lot of new problems in addition to all of existing problems appeared in the past disasters. Thus it is mandatory to take a holistic approach to implement effectively and seamlessly emergency response, relief, and long-term recovery. With the severity of possible consequences due to this earthquake, a special project, entitled as “Special Project for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area” (2007-2011), is commissioned by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT), This special project consists of three subprojects; Seismology, Earthquake Engineering, and Crisis Management and Recovery. This subproject considers Tokyo Metropolitan Earthquake as a national crisis occurred in the Tokyo metropolitan area. All the available knowledge of disaster researchers should be gathered from nationwide, including both emergency response and long-term recovery to minimize damage and losses. This project examines measures for improving the capacity for the people from disaster management organizations to react to crisis and help rebuilding life recovery of disaster victims. An information-sharing platform will be proposed to comprehensively manage individual disaster response and recovery measures. “Training and exercise systems” will be introduced to empower local capacity to mitigate and recover from disaster by integrating all of the project achievements among stakeholders. The final goal of this project is to make ourselves prepared for help the anticipated 25 million victims at most due to Tokyo Metropolitan earthquake. In this issue of JDR, we will introduce 10 papers from the subproject on Crisis Management and Recovery as a part of the achievements of this subproject for the last five years.

scholarly journals Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as sewage pollution indicators in the aquatic ecosystem of Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadeq. A. A. Alkhadher ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
System Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
The West ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzenes

AbstractLinear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as sewerage indicators were investigated in the sediments of the West and South Peninsular Malaysia. Surface sediment samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that LAB concentration in the samples of Port Dickson and the Kim Kim River varied from 111.6 to 255.8 and from 88.2 to 119.0 ng·g−1 dry weight, respectively. The ratios of internal isomer, in which the benzene ring was close to the center of the linear alkyl chain, to external isomer, in which the benzene ring was near the end of the linear alkyl chain (I/E ratios), of LABs in Port Dickson coast sediments ranged from 2.6 to 4.1. By contrast, the ratios for sediment from the Kim Kim River varied from 1.7 to 1.9. I/E, long-chained LABs over short-chained LABs (L/S), and C13/C12 ratios indicated that the aquatic environment received primary and secondary sewage effluents. These findings emphasized the necessity of continued water treatment system development in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Mapping the hot and cold spots of spatial change in Tokyo following the bubble economy period

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ryo Koizumi ◽  
Yoshiki Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
The South ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Bubble Economy ◽  
Cold Spots

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> After the bubble economy collapsed at the beginning of the 1990s, the government’s deregulation policies accelerated urban development in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. This resulted in increased trade in real estate and accelerated population growth in downtown Tokyo. However, that trend was not observed in all areas: instead, it exacerbated the spatial differentiation that was already apparent in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Hirayama (2005, 2006, 2011) found that government policy to promote housing supply and increase urban redevelopment split urban space into hot spots, with new investments, and redeveloped districts and cold spots, with stagnant and depopulated districts. However, the precise locations of such spots are not obvious, as those studies did not map them.</p><p>This study identified and mapped hot and cold spots in Tokyo with the use of spatial analysis with GIS. To this end, we employed grid square population statistics for 1985, 1995, and 2005, which encompasses the entire period of the bubble economy and its aftermath. The analysis of hot spots using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was performed on data for population change in 23 wards of Tokyo in this period. Then, we explored the detailed composition of the population and the background of the changes in a consideration of the socio-economic shift of Tokyo during this period.</p><p>The results of the analysis indicated that hot and cold spots coexisted in central Tokyo, and their spatial distribution changed drastically following the collapse of the bubble economy at the beginning of the 1990s. Between 1985 and 1995, populations show a concentric pattern of change: cold spots are observed in areas close to the city center and hot spots appear on the outskirts of the study area. This pattern is a result of population outflows due to soaring land prices during the period of the bubble economy.</p><p>However, population changes between 1995 and 2005 indicated a different pattern and the resulting distribution of hot and cold spots was dispersed. Specifically, hot spots appeared in the south and east parts of central Tokyo, where highrise condominiums were being built on the sites of former factories or warehouses in the coastal areas of Tokyo Bay. In these districts, a marked increase of white-collar workers was observed, an indicator of gentrification. By contrast, cold spots are noted on the northern side of central Tokyo, where large public housing estates are located and their population has declined and aged. The contrast between the north and the south of Tokyo became obvious after the bubble economy collapsed.</p>

Uranium in coastal sediments of Tokyo Bay and Funka Bay

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuo Tsunogai ◽  
Seiya Nagao ◽  
Shintaro Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiaki Takahashi ◽  
Kazunari Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Funka Bay

Planning and Designing a Marine Hospital Facility for Use in Times of Disaster

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kondo ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Chiaki Sato ◽  
Tetsuo Kayama
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Medical Support ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Near Future

Medical support using marine transportation during an earthquake disaster has been attracting attention because the land transportation system is expected to be paralyzed at such times. An earthquake measuring magnitude 7 is predicted to occur in Tokyo Bay in the near future. The aim of this study is to develop an earthquake-proof design for a marine hospital facility, and to calculate the required capacity and number of medical personnel. The scale of the marine hospital facility was determined based on anticipated damage caused by a near-field earthquake in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The need for preparation of heliports and boat piers was identified.

scholarly journals Long-Chain Alkenones in the Shimosa Group Reveal Palaeotemperatures of the Pleistocene Interglacial Palaeo-Tokyo Bays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Kajita ◽  
Tsutomu Nakazawa ◽  
Naohiko Ohkouchi ◽  
Miyako Sato ◽  
Naomi Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Holocene Thermal Maximum ◽  
Marine Strata ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Mis 5E ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The Shimosa Group, middle- to late-Pleistocene sedimentary succession, has been the focus of stratigraphic attention because it is beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area of central Japan. It is also of palaeoclimatic significance because it contains important interglacial marine strata of the past 450,000 years. Since the marine strata of the Shimosa Group were formed in the fluvial, estuary, and shallow inner bay known as Palaeo-Tokyo Bay, few occurrences of marine microfossils, make it difficult to quantitatively reconstruct the palaeotemperatures. Here, we extracted long-chain alkenones from the core GS-UR-1 penetrating the Shimosa Group to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11. We found that the alkenone unsaturation ratio appears to reflect the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of Palaeo-Tokyo Bays formed during MIS 5e, 7e, 9, and 11, which might be recorded around the peak of each interglacial period. The palaeo-SSTs during each interglacial period were 2–3 ℃ higher than the palaeo-SSTs of Tokyo Bay in the pre-industrial era, seemed to reach the similar level as the Holocene thermal maximum. We suggest that the LCA-based proxy, which has not been utilized hitherto in studies on the Shimosa Group, demonstrates its potential to provide palaeoclimatic and stratigraphic information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document