WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION COSTS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Balmér ◽  
Bengt Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Per Capita

Operation and maintenance costs have been compiled for 20 wastewater treatment plants in the range of 7 000 to 650 000 population equivalents. Great effort has been made to exclude the effects of local conditions on the costs. Data on energy and chemical consumption and manpower are given as well as the total operating costs and the distribution of manpower, energy, chemical and other costs. The results show that costs for manpower and electricity as well as total costs on a per capita basis decrease with increasing plant size. The variation between individual plants is, however, large even when differences in local conditions are accounted for.

scholarly journals Benchmarking of large municipal wastewater treatment plants treating over 100,000 PE in Austria

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lindtner ◽  
H. Schaar ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Design Capacity ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Benchmarking System

During a six-year period the Austrian Benchmarking System was developed. The main objectives of this benchmarking system are the development of process indicators, identification of best performance and determination of cost reduction potentials. Since 2004 this system is operated via an internet platform and automated to a large extent. Every year twenty to thirty treatment plants use the web-based access to this benchmarking platform. The benchmarking procedure comprises data acquisition, data evaluation including reporting and organised exchange of experience for the treatment plant managers. The process benchmarking method links the real costs with four defined main processes and two support processes. For wastewater treatment plants with a design capacity >100,000 PE these processes are further split up into sub-processes. For each (sub-) process the operating costs are attributed to six cost elements. The specific total yearly costs and the yearly operating costs of all (sub-)processes are related to the measured mean yearly pollution load of the plant expressed in population equivalents (PE110: 110 gCOD/d corresponding to 60 g BOD5/d)). The specific capital costs are related to the design capacity (PE). The paper shows the benchmarking results of 6 Austrian plants with a design capacity >100,000 PE representing approximately 30% of the Austrian municipal wastewater treatment plant capacity.

Municipal wastewater treatment by biofiltration: comparisons of various treatment layouts. Part 2: assessment of the operating costs in optimal conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1713-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Rocher ◽  
Catherine Paffoni ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves ◽  
Sam Azimi ◽  
André Pauss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Operation Costs

This work aims to compare the operation costs (energy, reagents, waste management) for the three layouts usually used in wastewater treatment plants incorporating biofilters, using technical and economical data acquired during 10 years of operation of a Parisian plant (Seine Centre, 240,000 m3 d−1 –800,000 equivalent inhabitants). The final objective is to establish general economical data and tendencies that can be translated from our study to any biofiltration plant. Our results evidenced the savings achieved through the treatment process combining upstream and downstream denitrification. To use this layout reduced the operating costs by some 10% as compared with conventional processing only comprising downstream denitrification. Operating costs were respectively estimated at 37 and 34 €/1,000 m3 for downstream denitrification and combining upstream and downstream denitrification layouts.

scholarly journals The exploitation of swamp plants for dewatering liquid sewage sludge

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Jiří Šálek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Rural Wastewater

The operators of little rural wastewater treatment plants have been interested in economic exploitation of sewage sludge in local conditions. The chance is searching simply and natural ways of processing and exploitation stabilized sewage sludge in agriculture. Manure substrate have been obtained by composting waterless sewage sludge including rest plant biomass after closing 6–8 years period of filling liquid sewage sludge to the basin. Main attention was focused on exploitation of swamp plants for dewatering liquid sewage sludge and determination of influence sewage sludge on plants, intensity and course of evapotranspiration and design and setting of drying beds. On the base of determined ability of swamp plants evapotranspiration were edited suggestion solutions of design and operation sludge bed facilities in the conditions of small rural wastewater treatment plant.

Small wastewater treatment plants - a challenge to wastewater engineers

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Boller
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Construction Operation

Three conferences on “Small Wastewater Treatment Plants” organized by the IAWQ Specialist Group demonstrate worldwide interest and activities in this matter and the need to exchange experience concerning planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and control of small treatment plants. In near future, the number of small treatment works will increase tremendously and will be accompanied by a strong demand for information on appropriate procedures and technologies. Pollution problems caused by small wastewater flows are usually restricted to small areas, however, in view of the high per capita costs, treatment requirements and alternatives have to be studied carefully. In comparison to larger plants, more pronounced and different boundary conditions such as load fluctuations, operation and maintenance problems, per capita costs, and a large variety of feasible treatment and disposal systems ask for experienced engineers with a broad and sound knowledge in rural water quality management. The technical alternatives reaching from mechanical and simple biological low rate systems such as ponds, sand filters and reed beds to complex high rate suspended and fixed biomass reactors have to be evaluated regarding plant size, operation safety, reliability, demand for skilled personnel, investment and operation costs. In this respect, water engineers are increasingly challenged, not only to deal with a broad range of present and future treatment technologies, but also to integrate economical and social aspects into their evaluations.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with other organic wastes in small wastewater treatment plants: an economic considerations evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
E. Battistoni ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Green Certificates ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Economic Comparison

This paper deals with an economic comparison between costs and incomes in small wastewater treatment plants where the anaerobic co-digestion process of sludge and biowaste with energy recovery is operated. Plants in the size range 1,000–30,000 persons equivalent (pe) were considered in the study: typical costs, comprehensive of capital and operating costs, were in the range €69–105 per person per year depending on the plant size: the smaller the size the higher the specific cost. The incomes deriving from taxes and fees for wastewater treatment are generally in the range €36–54 per person per year and can only partially cover costs in small wastewater treatment plants. However, the co-treatment of biowaste and the use of produced energy for extra credits (green certificates) determine a clear improvement in the possible revenues from the plant. These were calculated to be €23–25 per person per year; as a consequence the costs and incomes can be considered comparable for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with size larger than 10,000 pe. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste and sludge can also be considered a sustainable solution for small wastewater treatment plants in rural areas where several different kinds of biowaste are available to enhance biogas production in anaerobic reactors.

scholarly journals Effect of Tank Shape on Performance of Aeration Tank in Sewage Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Different Depths

This Study Was Made To Study The Use Of Circular Aeration Tanks Instead Of Rectangular One In Wastewater Treatment Plants. The Study Covered The Effect Of Tank Geometric Shape On Action Stability, Effective Parameters Homogeneity And Treatment Efficiency Inside The Aeration Tank And Its Reflection On The Final Sedimentation Tank Performance. A Pilot Scale Was Erected In Balaqs Wastewater Treatment Plant Pilot Consists From Two Lines One Circular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank And Second Rectangular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank For Comparison Purpose Under The Same Conditions. The Samples Were Taken Continuously For 5 Weeks From The Inlet, Outlet For (Bod, & Tss) To Measure The Aeration Removal Efficiency. Also Measurements Inside Both Types Of Aeration Tanks To Determine The Parameters Of Temperature & Do Distribution And Stability In Different Depths And Sides Of Tank. Also The Consumed Power Had Been Measured. The Results Shows That The Circular Aeration Tank Achieved Better Stability Inside The Tank With Minimal Variation In Both Of Do And Temperature That Varied Widely In The Rectangular Tank Between Different Depths And Also Longitudinally And In Cross Section Directions That Affects Mainly On The Tank Efficiency And The Consumed Power Needed For Surface Aerators Operation. The Circular Safe About 50% Of The Consumed Power That Also Safe In The Construction And Operation Costs For Such Treatment.

Bioscrubbing, an effective and economic solution to odour control at wastewater treatment plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Hansen ◽  
K. Rindel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
Critical Sections

Based on odour nuisances from the Damhusaaen Wastewater Treatment Plant in Copenhagen, it was decided that the critical sections of the inlet structure to the treatment plant should be covered and enclosed. The ventilation air, 6000m3/h, is cleaned in a bioscrubber process. These installations have reduced the odour in the surroundings of the treatment plant to the extent that it is no longer noticeable. A cleaning efficiency for hydrogen sulphide of >99% and low residual emissions, <0.1 mg/m3 of organic sulphur compounds, are obtained in the bioscrubber. The consumption of the sodium hydroxide for neutralising the sulphuric acid formed is stoichiometric in relation to the amount of sulphur compounds removed. This results in relatively low operating costs corresponding to half to one fourth of the operating costs of a chemical scrubber at normal influent concentrations. In addition, the bioscrubber has proven reliable with only little maintenance and low space requirements. Abioscrubber can thus be considered an environment-friendly and competitive alternative to chemical scrubbers and biofilters.

scholarly journals Coprostanol as a Population Biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance Studies

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Liam J. Reynolds ◽  
Laura Sala-Comorera ◽  
Mohd Faheem Khan ◽  
Niamh A. Martin ◽  
Megan Whitty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Faecal Indicators

Wastewater surveillance is a cost-effective tool for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a community. However, challenges remain with regard to interpretating such studies, not least in how to compare SARS-CoV-2 levels between different-sized wastewater treatment plants. Viral faecal indicators, including crAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus, have been proposed as population biomarkers to normalise SARS-CoV-2 levels in wastewater. However, as these indicators exhibit variability between individuals and may not be excreted by everyone, their utility as population biomarkers may be limited. Coprostanol, meanwhile, is a bacterial metabolite of cholesterol which is excreted by all individuals. In this study, composite influent samples were collected from a large- and medium-sized wastewater treatment plant in Dublin, Ireland and SARS-CoV-2 N1, crAssphage, pepper mild mottle virus, HF183 and coprostanol levels were determined. SARS-CoV-2 N1 RNA was detected and quantified in all samples from both treatment plants. Regardless of treatment plant size, coprostanol levels exhibited the lowest variation in composite influent samples, while crAssphage exhibited the greatest variation. Moreover, the strongest correlations were observed between SARS-CoV-2 levels and national and Dublin COVID-19 cases when levels were normalised to coprostanol. This work demonstrates the usefulness of coprostanol as a population biomarker for wastewater surveillance studies.

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