Dynamics of the anaerobic utilization of organic substrates in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carucci ◽  
K. Lindrea ◽  
M. Majone ◽  
R. Ramadori
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Floc Structure ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms

The operation of an anaerobic/aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with synthetic feed (glucose as the sole organic substrate) demonstrated periods of non-EBPR and EBPR operation in the absence of polyhydroxy alkanoate (PHA) storage. The glucose added as feed disappeared rapidly (within 10 minutes) and none of the normal fermentation products were detected in the supernatant in either mode of operation. Anaerobic/aerobic batch trials using the biomass from the SBR were conducted to examine the processes taking place and a rapid uptake of glucose was confirmed and was accompanied by a fall in pH. The biomass also demonstrated that anaerobic PHB storage occurred when acetate feed was used. The biomass was characterized by a large population of “G” bacteria, the absence of filamentous microorganisms, compact floc structure and high total carbohydrate (ca 40% w/w). The supernatant was characterized by low COD, TOC and the virtual absence of the glucose substrate. The observations indicate that EBPR was possible under circumstances which are not consistent with accepted mechanisms.

Dynamics of phosphorus and organic substrates in anaerobic and aerobic phases of a sequencing batch reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carucci ◽  
M. Majone ◽  
R. Ramadori ◽  
S. Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Polyphosphate Metabolism

This paper describes a lab-scale experimentation carried out to study enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The synthetic feed used was based on peptone and glucose as organic substrate to simulate the readily biodegradable fraction of a municipal wastewater (Wentzel et al., 1991). The experimental work was divided into two runs, each characterized by different operating conditions. The phosphorus removal efficiency was considerably higher in the absence of competition for organic substrate between P-accumulating and denitrifying bacteria. The activated sludge consisted mainly of peculiar microorganisms recently described by Cech and Hartman (1990) and called “G bacteria”. The results obtained seem to be inconsistent with the general assumption that the G bacteria are characterized by anaerobic substrate uptake not connected with any polyphosphate metabolism. Supplementary anaerobic batch tests utilizing glucose, peptone and acetate as organic substrates show that the role of acetate in the biochemical mechanisms promoting EBPR may not be so essential as it has been assumed till now.

Effect of heterotrophic growth on nitritation/anammox in a single sequencing batch reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai M. Udert ◽  
Elija Kind ◽  
Mieke Teunissen ◽  
Sarina Jenni ◽  
Tove A. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Growth ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

The combination of nitritation and autotrophic denitrification (anammox) in a single sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is an energy efficient process for nitrogen removal from high-strength ammonia wastewaters. So far, the process has been successfully applied to digester supernatant. However, the process could also be suitable to treat source-separated urine, which has very high ammonium and organic substrate concentrations (up to 8,200 gN/m3 and 10,000 gCOD/m3). In this study, reactor performance was tested for digester supernatant and diluted source-separated urine. Ammonium concentrations in both solutions were similar (between 611 and 642 gN/m3), thus reactor performance could be directly compared. Differences were mainly due to higher activity of heterotrophic bacteria in urine. Nitrogen removal was slightly higher for source-separated urine, because heterotrophic bacteria denitrified the nitrate that was produced by anammox bacteria. In spite of higher heterotrophic growth with source-separated urine, calculated sludge concentrations at steady state were higher with digester supernatant due to accumulation of inert particulate organic matter from the influent. Although the sludge concentrations are less problematic for source-separated urine, process instabilities are more likely, because lower pH values are reached and heterotrophic denitrification can cause sudden increases of nitrite concentrations and/or nitric oxide. Both compounds inhibit aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and, most importantly, anammox bacteria. Nitrite and nitric oxide production by heterotrophic denitrification must be better understood to optimize nitritation/anammox for source-separated urine.

The Application of Sequencing Batch Treatment to an Industrial Wastewater

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Décréon ◽  
N. Thérien ◽  
J.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Batch Treatment ◽  
Direct Discharge

Abstract A laboratory-scale study has demonstrated the technical feasibility of using a sequencing batch reactor to treat the wastewater from the manufacture of shampoo and other personal care products. The results demonstrate that good treatment (90% removal efficiency for organic substrate as measured by TOD) is possible at an organic loading below 0.70 kg TOD/kgVSS/day. Higher ratios provide some treatment but there may some risk of washing out the biomass when the organic loading exceeds 1.4 kg TOD/kg VSS/day. The effluent produced was suitable for discharge to a municipal sewage system or to a polishing pond but not for direct discharge to receiving waters. The treatment was totally adequate when nutrients were kept in the ratio B0D5/N/P of 100/5/1. Results were obtained for a ratio of 100/2.5/0.5 and the system did not adequately remove organic material. The response to an inadequate supply of nutrients was very rapid and the production of biomass was severely affected. The effect of various ways of filling the reactor were investigated but no significant effect was found. Lower temperatures reduced the efficiency of the system.

Population Dynamics of Bacteria for Phosphorus Removal in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Activated Sludge Processes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
A. Murakami ◽  
C. K. Lin ◽  
Y. Ueno ◽  
T. Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes

Laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge processes were operated using synthetic wastewater to clarify the effects of sludge retention time(SRT) and organic substrates on the accumulation of bio-P-bacteria. The accumulation of bio-P-bacteria could be enhanced by wide variation in concentration of organic substrates by giving a short fill period and sufficient anaerobic conditions. However, the accumulation could not be enhanced in the reactor operated with SRT less than 25 d in spite of the higher, more than 0.1 d−1, specific growth rates observed in the isolated strains of bio-P-bacteria. The specific growth rates of bio-P-bacteria were estimated at 0.040 d−1, 0.030 d−1 and 0.035 d−1 in the SBR activated sludge processes fed with sodium acetate (A), glucose and polypeptone (GP) and polypeptone (P), respectively. Therefore, a large sludge retention time would be necessary for the accumulation of bio-P-bacteria. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), such as sodium acetate (A), seemed to be more effective than other organic substrates (GP and P) for the accumulation of bio-P-bacteria in activated sludge ecosystems.

Anaerobic uptake of phosphate in an anaerobic–aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
M. Ji ◽  
J.F. Wang ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
Z.Y. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Unusual Phenomenon ◽  
Phosphate Carrier

An unusual phenomenon of anaerobic phosphate uptake under alternating anaerobic/aerobic condition was observed in a granular sludge sequencing batch reactor, fed with acetate as sole organic substrate. Anaerobic phosphate uptake efficiencies remained at 50–70% as the influent P/COD was increased from 2/100 to 4/100, and results showed that anaerobic uptake of phosphate was correlated with anaerobic absorption of acetate. Excluding the main possibility of chemical phosphate removal, it appeared that phosphate uptake during the anaerobic phase was associated with organisms enriched in the reactor. Moreover, results indicated that intracellular glycogen was used as the main energy source of organics anaerobic absorption and intracellular polymers storage. Measuring and analysing the variation of phosphate, organic substrate, intracellular glycogen and pH in the anaerobic phase, a preliminary explanation was developed that anaerobic uptake of phosphate was the demand of intracellular glycogen degradation, and extracellular phosphate was transported to intracellular by pH gradient-sensitive phosphate carrier protein.

Phosphate Removal in a Biofilm Reactor

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simón González-Martinez ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Uptake Rates

Biological phosphate removal was achieved in a laboratory scale fixed bed biofilm reactor. To create the conditions required to enrich for phosphate accumulating bacteria, the reactor was periodically filled and drained, and the aerator periodically turned on and off (Sequencing Batch Reactor strategy). The reactor performed very effectively, but it took several weeks to reach steady-state. The highest phosphate uptake rates were observed when sequestration of the organic substrates was accomplished at an early stage of the anaerobic process phase, and release of phosphate at the expense of sequestered or stored substrates (endogenous phosphate release) was encouraged. In the range between 15°C to 25°C, the temperature had only minor effects. The biofilm dry weight contained about 5 per cent phosphate.

Enhanced Nutrient Removal in Porous Biomass Carrier Sequencing Batch Reactor (PBCSBR)

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang-Sik Shin ◽  
Hung-Suck Park
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Relationship Of

An investigation was made theoretically and experimentally on the porous biomass carrier sequencing batch reactor (PBCSBR) for enhanced nutrient removal. Biomass hold-up increased with incoming organic substrate concentration and held in attached and entrapped conditions. The behavioural patterns of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in PBCSBR were similar to the control SBR reactor. Nitrogen transformation and/or removal was simultaneous and stoichiometric and could be quantified by the stoichiomelric relationship of nitrification/denitrification based on the consumed alkalinity. Phosphorus removal increased with biomass concentration and phosphorus release. Higher biomass and favorable operation mode in PBCSBR were conducive to enhanced nutrient removal.

Removal of Nutrients and BOD from Soybean Fermentation Wastewater in a Ten-Year-Old Sequencing Batch Reactor Activated Sludge Process

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
K. Terazono ◽  
R. Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Soybean Fermentation ◽  
Bod Removal

Surveys on the performance of nitrogen, phosphorus and BOD removal were carried out in a full-scale conventional, i.e. continuously aerated, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process which was constructed ten years ago, treating wastewater from a small factory producing soybean fermentation products. The old SBR plant, originally designed only for BOD removal, is operated with one cycle per day and aerated continuously for 19 hours per day from the start of working and wastewater inflow followed by sedimentation and decanting the next morning before work. In spite of continuous and a constant rate of aeration, DO increased rapidly immediately after the beginning of aeration, whereas it decreased down to less than 0.5 mg l−1 with the inflow of wastewater. DO increased again after work with little inflow of wastewater. The diurnal fluctuation of DO enhanced both nitrification and denitrification simultaneously in a single tank reactor with continuous aeration and resulted in high performance of nitrogen removal beyond expectation as well as BOD. The anaerobic condition and subsequent increase in DO also enhanced release and luxury uptake of phosphorus, i.e. biological removal of phosphorus. Increase in the strength of wastewater enhanced denitrification without deterioration of BOD removal. Phosphorus removal, however, was deteriorated by insufficient sludge production.

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