Financing public water management: dealing with economic costs of water use

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Y. J. van Hijum
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Water System ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social

Today, many scientists and policy makers underline the importance of internalizing all social and economic costs in charges and prices for water use. Ideally, all service and environmental costs should be recovered in conformity with “polluter pays” and “user pays” principles, using the water system (or river basin) approach to detect these costs. Attempts in The Netherlands to implement these principles however, show that it is not always easy to deduct just charges and prices from hydrological cause-effect relations. Such charges and prices do not always provide adequate signals to users and polluters. The institutional framework and the social, economic and political context determine where and how these financing principles can be implemented. The focus should therefore shift from “blind” charges on pollution and abstraction to (self-)imposed efforts made to measure.

scholarly journals Drivers of Dry Common Beans Trade in Lusaka, Zambia: A Trader’s Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Sichilima ◽  
Lawrence Mapemba ◽  
Gelson Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Market Sample

<p>This study was designed to analyze drivers of dry common beans trade in Lusaka, Zambia. Specifically, the study analyzed the effect of common bean grain characteristics on bean market price. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 225 traders stationed in three markets namely: Soweto, Chilenje and Mtendere.</p>Using hedonic pricing, the findings reveal that medium sized grain was an important characteristic which significantly affected the pricing of common bean. For instance, it was observed that medium grain size fetched ZMW1.266 per kilogram (kg) and ZMW 1.042 per kg more than grains of smaller size in the pooled and Soweto market sample, respectively. It was further revealed that yellow, yellow and white color significantly affected the bean price received by traders. Other factors which significantly affected the pricing of beans included age of the trader, being a retail trader and trading at Chilenje market. Given these findings, common bean breeders need to include traders and consumers as important actors whose knowledge can make resourceful impact in varietal development. Furthermore, interventions by policy makers that respond to the social economic needs of traders is recommended to improve bean trade.

scholarly journals Water management as a future necessity in sheep feedlots

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pluske ◽  
A. C. Schlink
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
The Town

Improving water management in rural towns such as Wagin, Western Australia, will decrease infrastructure damage caused by water and salinity and produce a ‘new water’ resource. The aim of this paper is to predict feedlot water demand using a bioeconomic model, H20Sheep, to determine if using such a ‘new water’ resource could be a viable option for this production system. Wagin (–33.3075 S, 117.3403 E), a township south-east of Perth, was chosen as the specific location for a sheep feedlot producing prime lambs. In this paper, the H20Sheep model was used to show how feedlot returns are influenced by the price of water, different feeding regimens and climate change. This was done by integrating feed and water intake of lambs, general feedlot water use and waste disposal. To show relative sensitivity of changing other model parameters that are not directly connected with water, changes in the purchase and sale price of lambs were also investigated. As might be expected, H20Sheep shows that returns from a sheep feedlot enterprise can be extremely sensitive to changes in lamb purchase (just over 7% increase will result in negative returns) and sale prices (a 4% decrease will generate a negative outcome). With respect to water, the findings indicate that, while increases in water use in the feedlot and price have to be greater than the increase in relative price of sheep, monitoring the biological parameters associated with water as well as water prices is still important both from a management and an economic perspective. Hence, if towns involved in the Rural Towns – Liquid Assets project, such as Wagin, decide to sell their water, the relevant policy makers should ensure that the sale price enables an effective water management system for the town and is also attractive to end-users such as feedlots.

scholarly journals System model of integrated management of the water resources of the Ingulets River by a basin principal

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
V. P. Kovalchuk ◽  
P. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
M. V. Yatsyuk ◽  
R. Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
O. S. Demchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
System Model ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Effective Water

For integrated water management in river basins in Ukraine, there is no toolkit for system modeling and selection of management structure in river basins according to environmental and economic criteria, which corresponds to the creation of water management systems under conditions of sustainable development. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop a system model of integrated water management on the example of the Ingulets River basin. The purpose of the work is to create a system model of integrated water resources management in Ingulets River basin, which provides scenario modeling of technological solutions, their evaluation and optimization of economic criteria for efficient water use under environmental constraints and criteria for achieving a good or excellent ecological status of the river basin. The system model is used as a toolkit, the method of decomposition of the river basin into subsystems, analysis of subsystems and their composition into a holistic model of integrated management by the basin principle. Telecommunication methods are proposed to improve monitoring. A method of scenario analysis is proposed, which performs simulation modeling of prospective management scenarios at the first level of the hierarchy, and at the second level - options are evaluated according to the criteria of cost-effective water use with environmental objectives and regulatory restrictions. For simulation modeling, a system of balance difference equations for the dynamics of water masses, mixing and spreading of pollution in rivers and reservoirs is formalized. A system of combined control for the impulse method of river washing was developed. Multicriteria optimization of variants of the control structure is carried out on the Pareto principle. A system model has been developed for integrated water resources management in the Ingulets River basin that meets the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use while ensuring good or excellent ecological status of rivers. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: the water supply subsystem of the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; a subsystem for flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; subsystem of environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; subsystem of water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. A system of technological, economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed. They include maintaining the water level in reservoirs, displacement of salt water prism and limitation on water quality, ensuring the ecological condition of the river, and the dynamics of water resources consumption. Technological criteria determine the maintenance of water levels in reservoirs. Cost-effective water use is estimated on the basis of the dynamics of water consumption for river washing and irrigation. The formalized integrated management system in the Ingulets River basin includes operational water resources management and structure management. Integrated management is carried out according to subsystems, types of management and a system of criteria. For operational management the balance differential equations of water exchange in reservoirs are formalized. A two-layer model of water masses dynamics, pollutants distribution and mixing when flushing rivers from reservoirs is used. Scenario analysis is offered to select the optimal structure of the management system. Simulation scenarios are being simulated. Scenario optimization is performed on the Pareto principle. An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed system and its comparison with the existing regulations for Ingulets River flushing is given.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES AND WATER USE IN ARID REGIONS, USING THE EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT AND MODERN ISRAEL

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.А. Широкова ◽  
О.А. Александровская ◽  
Э.А. Лихачёва
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water System ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
History Of

Статья посвящена проблемам водных ресурсов и водопользованию в аридных районах на примере древнего и современного Израиля. При анализе истории водопользования обращается внимание и на рельеф и морфоструктуру территорий, определяющих месторасположение водоисточников и место развития древних городов. Большинство источников воды расположены вдоль зон линеаментов. Рассмотрены водные системы, приуроченные к Иорданской впадине, и, в частности, водные системы конца ханаанских времён (XIV–XIII вв. до н.э.) и начала древнего Израильского царства; эллинский период в истории создания водных систем; система водопользования в древнем Иерусалиме; искусственные водные системы конца старой эры (I в. до н.э.). Выдающиеся достижения инженерной и строительной практики древних израильтян в области водопользования опираются на их хорошее знание местных условий (в первую очередь особенности геологического строения) и умение при остром дефиците пресных вод собирать и сохранять её до следующих зимних дождей, бережно расходуя её в течение года. Опыт древних инженеров и поныне может служить достойным примером продуктивных отношений человека и природы. The article is devoted to problems of water resources and water use in arid regions at the example of ancient and modern Israel. When analyzing the history of water management also drew attention to the relief and morphological structure, defining the location of water sources and development of ancient cities. Most water sources are located along zones of lineament. Discussed the water system, dedicated to the Jordan basin, and in particular, the water system of the late Canaanite era (XIV–XIII centuries BC) and the beginning of the ancient Kingdom of Israel; the Hellenistic period in the history of the water systems; the system of water in ancient Jerusalem; artificial water system of the end of the old era (I century BC). Outstanding achievements of engineering and construction practices of the ancient Israelites in the area of water management based on their good knowledge of local conditions (primarily the features of the geological structure) and ability in acute shortage of fresh water to collect and keep it until the next winter rains, carefully spending it during the year. Experience ancient engineers today can serve as a worthy example of the productive relationship between man and nature.

Water Systems in a Circular Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Arvind Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macarthur Foundation

The circular economy is based on three fundamental principles as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. This chapter explores the relationship between the circular economy principles and the water management systems to identify the integration points where the water systems can be aligned with the circular economy. The chapter also ascertains the impediments which hinder this transition and identifies the opportunities that will present themselves in this endeavor. This chapter aims to help the readers understand the social, economic, and environmental impacts that will be created when water systems get integrated into the circular economy framework.

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