Biofilms in drinking water systems - a possible reservoir for Helicobacter pylori

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Mackay ◽  
L. T. Gribbon ◽  
M. R. Barer ◽  
D. C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Waterborne Transmission ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Helicobacter pylori is a major bacterial pathogen involved in several gastrointestinal diseases. Transmission routes and reservoirs of H pylori are not well understood despite several studies. In contrast to many other infectious diseases, clinical symptoms allowing definitive diagnosis of infection are absent. Person-to-person transmission with faecal-oral and oral-oral routes have been proposed with socio-economic status and density of living as associated factors. Studies have shown that H pylori can survive in water for prolonged periods leading to a waterborne transmission route being proposed but not conclusively identified. This paper describes studies using mature heterotrophic mixed-species biofilms grown under oligotrophic conditions using a continuous-culture chemostat system. The biofilms were challenged with Helicobacter pylori (NCTC 11637). Results indicate the presence of H pylori associated with the biofilm for up to 192h post-challenge, suggesting that biofilms in water distribution systems could be a possible and as yet unrecognised reservoir of H pylori.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastrointestinal Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Jong Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
H Pylori

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen that infects approximately half of the world’s population. It is well known that <i>H. pylori</i> causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. <i>H. pylori</i> can also be associated with other gastrointestinal diseases. Epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse correlation between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, the results of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease were not consistent with epidemiologic studies. Many studies have reported symptomatic improvement in uninvestigated dyspepsia and functional dyspepsia (FD) following <i>H. pylori</i> eradication, suggesting that <i>H. pylori</i> is the cause of dyspepsia. Therefore, it has been suggested that <i>H. pylori</i>-associated dyspepsia should be considered an entity distinct from FD and only the patients with persistent symptoms following eradication should be considered as having FD. A majority of studies also support an association of <i>H. pylori</i> with colon neoplasms and an inverse correlation with inflammatory bowel disease. However, no association of <i>H. pylori</i> with irritable bowel syndrome has been reported.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes G. Kusters ◽  
Arnoud H. M. van Vliet ◽  
Ernst J. Kuipers
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Vacuolating Cytotoxin ◽  
Chronic Active Gastritis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
H Pylori

SUMMARY Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with this gram-negative bacterium. Unless treated, colonization usually persists lifelong. H. pylori infection represents a key factor in the etiology of various gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from chronic active gastritis without clinical symptoms to peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Disease outcome is the result of the complex interplay between the host and the bacterium. Host immune gene polymorphisms and gastric acid secretion largely determine the bacterium's ability to colonize a specific gastric niche. Bacterial virulence factors such as the cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island-encoded protein CagA and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA aid in this colonization of the gastric mucosa and subsequently seem to modulate the host's immune system. This review focuses on the microbiological, clinical, immunological, and biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of H. pylori.

scholarly journals The correlation between lncRNAs and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Dastmalchi ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh ◽  
Mirsaed Miri Nargesi ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection performs a key role in gastric tumorigenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated a great potential to be regarded as effective malignancy biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The present review highlights the relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori in GC. Several studies have examined not only the involvement of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated GC progression but also their molecular mechanisms of action. Among the pertinent studies, some have addressed the effects of H. pylori infection on modulatory networks of lncRNAs, while others have evaluated the effects of changes in the expression level of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated gastric diseases, especially GC. The relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori was found to be modulated by various molecular pathways.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Response Regulator ArsR Exhibit Bactericidal Activity against Helicobacter pylori

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés González ◽  
Javier Casado ◽  
Eduardo Chueca ◽  
Sandra Salillas ◽  
Adrián Velázquez-Campoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Chemical Library ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori is considered the most prevalent bacterial pathogen in humans. The increasing antibiotic resistance evolved by this microorganism has raised alarm bells worldwide due to the significant reduction in the eradication rates of traditional standard therapies. A major challenge in this antibiotic resistance crisis is the identification of novel microbial targets whose inhibitors can overcome the currently circulating resistome. In the present study, we have validated the use of the essential response regulator ArsR as a novel and promising therapeutic target against H. pylori infections. A high-throughput screening of a repurposing chemical library using a fluorescence-based thermal shift assay identified several ArsR binders. At least four of these low-molecular weight compounds noticeably inhibited the DNA binding activity of ArsR and showed bactericidal effects against antibiotic-resistant strains of H. pylori. Among the ArsR inhibitors, a human secondary bile acid, lithocholic acid, quickly destroyed H. pylori cells and exhibited partial synergistic action in combination with clarithromycin or levofloxacin, while the antimicrobial effect of this compound against representative members of the normal human microbiota such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis appeared irrelevant. Our results enhance the battery of novel therapeutic tools against refractory infections caused by multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains.

scholarly journals The role of the gastric bacterial microbiome in gastric cancer: Helicobacter pylori and beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628481989406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schulz ◽  
Kerstin Schütte ◽  
Julia Mayerle ◽  
Peter Malfertheiner
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Current State ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
H Pylori

A link between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has been depicted in many organ systems. Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen, induces chronic gastritis and is associated with more than 90% of cases of gastric cancer (GC). However, the introduction of nucleotide sequencing techniques and the development of biocomputional tools have surpassed traditional culturing techniques and opened a wide field for studying the mucosal and luminal composition of the bacterial gastric microbiota beyond H. pylori. In studies applying animal models, a potential role in gastric carcinogenesis for additional bacteria besides H. pylori has been demonstrated. At different steps of gastric carcinogenesis, changes in bacterial communities occur. Whether these microbial changes are a driver of malignant disease or a consequence of the histologic progression along the precancerous cascade, is not clear at present. It is hypothesized that atrophy, as a consequence of chronic gastric inflammation, alters the gastric niche for commensals that might further urge the development of H. pylori-induced GC. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on gastric bacteria other than H. pylori and on their synergism with H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Children with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Monika Maria Biernat ◽  
Aldona Bińkowska ◽  
Łukasz Łaczmański ◽  
Paweł Biernat ◽  
Paweł Krzyżek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
H Pylori

Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori is currently a global issue. The aim of this study was to analyze actual antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori strains isolated from children with primary infections and to compare the incidence of mutations that determine resistance to clarithromycin (CH) and metronidazole (MET) in children with different clinical diagnoses. A total of 91 H. pylori strains were isolated from 108 children with primary infections. Drug susceptibility testing of the strains was performed using E-test method. Classical sequencing of DNA fragments was used to detect point mutations for CH and MET resistance. Resistance to CH was detected in 31% of isolated strains (28/91), while resistance to MET and CH was detected in 35% (32/91) of strains. A2143G was the most frequently detected mutation and was dominant among strains isolated from children with peptic ulcer disease (80%). Mutations in the rdxA gene were found significantly more frequently among MET-resistant strains than MET-sensitive strains (p = 0.03, Chi2 = 4.3909). In children, a higher frequency of H. pylori multiresistant strains was observed compared with the previous study in the same area. Differences were found in the occurrence of point mutations among H. pylori strains resistant to CH isolated from children with different clinical diagnoses.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA Genes and Their Correlation with Gastrointestinal Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Amr M. El-Sabbagh ◽  
Ahmed H. Yassen ◽  
Maha M abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gastroduodenal Disease ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illnesses ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Variant Genes

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium, producing gastric ulcer, mild to severe gastritis, gastric carcinoma and lymphoma to the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue through many virulence influences. Among the virulence factors identified; vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) play an important role. Objective: In this study, we try to discover the relation between vacA variant and cagA genes with the clinical illness occurring in H. pylori patients Methodology: One hundred and forty patients were included in our study. Dual biopsy samples were taken from the stomach; one was examined by the urease test, and the other one was stored at −80°C for DNA extraction followed by PCR. The existence of H. pylori in the tissue was recognized by the existence of glmM gene and its detection by PCR. All the positive samples were additionally tested by PCR for the occurrence of cagA and vacA variant genes. Results: Our study demonstrated that cagA and vacA genes were found among 50% and 57% respectively of H. pylori patients complaining from gastrointestinal illnesses and that vacA s1/s2 was the main genotype found in H. pylori persons with gastroduodenal disease. Significant relation between vacA s1 gene and cagA gene was found. Conclusion: vacA s1 genotype has a vital role in upper gastrointestinal illnesses progress.

scholarly journals Structural basis for the peptidoglycan recognition by Helicobacter pylori Csd4

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C817-C817
Author(s):  
Hyoun Sook Kim ◽  
Byung Woo Han ◽  
Byung Il Lee ◽  
Se Won Suh
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Carboxypeptidase H ◽  
Ligand Free ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The colonization of this bacterium in the gastric mucosa is required for the survival in the stomach. Its colonization of the gastric mucosa of human stomach depends on its motility, which is facilitated by the helical cell shape. In H. pylori, crosslinking relaxation or trimming of peptidoglycan muropeptide affects the helical shape. Among several cell shape-determining peptidoglycan hydrolases identified in H. pylori, Csd4 is a Zn2+-dependent D,L-carboxypeptidase that cleaves the bond between the γ-D-Glu and mDAP bond of the uncrosslinked tripeptide of peptidoglycan (L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-mDAP) to produce L-Ala-γ-D-Glu dipeptide and mDAP, promoting the helical cell shape. Inhibition of D,L-carboxypeptidase activity of Csd4 may represent a novel therapeutic approach. We report here the crystal structures of H. pylori Csd4 in three different states: the ligand-free form, the substrate-bound form, and the product-bound form. H. pylori Csd4 consists of three domains: an N-terminal D,L-carboxypeptidase domain, a novel β-barrel domain, and a C-terminal immunoglobulin-like domain. Our ligand-bound structures provide structural basis of peptidoglycan recognition by D,L-carboxypeptidase. H. pylori Csd4 recognizes primarily the terminal mDAP of the tripeptide substrate and undergoes a significant structural change upon binding either mDAP or mDAP-containing tripeptide.

scholarly journals Effects of cinnamon extract on complications of treatment and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in infected people

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Ghazal Imani ◽  
Alireza khalilian ◽  
Dara Dastan ◽  
Behzad Imani ◽  
Maryam Mehrpoya
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Metallic Flavor

Introduction: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori has various side effects like antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cinnamon extract on complications of treatment and eradication of H. pylori in infected people. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 98 eligible healthy and H. pylori-infected patients approved by esophageal endoscopy were selected. The cinnamon group received multi-drug treatment including clarithromycin, amoxicillin and pantoprazole as well as a cinnamon extract capsule. The control group received multi-drug treatment and a 40 mg starch capsule. In order to analyze the cinnamon extract efficacy, the urea breath test (UBT) was performed 3 months after the start of treatment. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by a questionnaire at the beginning (day of 0), 7 days and 14 days after starting treatment. Results: The clinical symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, blurred vision, headache, metallic flavor, epigastric pain, burp, and appetite were significantly reduced in the cinnamon group (P < 0.05). The odds ratio exhibited a higher eradication rate of H. pylori in the cinnamon group (73.47% in the cinnamon group compared to 53.06% in the control group) (P = 0.036). Conclusion: Cinnamon as assisted therapy is able to alleviate the disease and reduce the complications of H. pylori treatment.

scholarly journals Diseases of the oral mucosa associated with Helicobacter pylori

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Tarasenko ◽  
M. A. Stepanov ◽  
S. A. Kalinin ◽  
V. V. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Stage Duration ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzed the role of Helicobacter pylori in the development of lesions of the oral mucosa and explored the relationship between the prevalence and intensity of periodontal disease and the stage, duration, and severity of gastrointestinal diseases associated with H. pylori infection. The newly identified factors of H. pylori pathogenicity that participate in the development of lesions of the oral mucosa in case of a body infection were also determined.

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