Diagnostic and resulting approaches to restore petroleum-contaminated soil in a Mexican tropical swamp

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gallegos Martínez ◽  
A. Gómez Santos ◽  
L. González Cruz ◽  
M.A. Montes de Oca García ◽  
L. Yáñez Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Oil Company

A multidisciplinary three-step methodology is being developed to diagnose the extent and type of petroleum pollutants and resulting technological approaches to restore a contaminated site. At first, the site was delimitated and its zones identified by using remote sensors. An area of 307 ha considered of major importance to the national Mexican oil company, Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), was identified. 75% of total analyzed soil samples ranged between 10-50,000 ppm of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and 25% between 50,000 and 434,000 ppm. Aliphatic and asphaltene groups were predominant and technological alternatives were proposed. In a second phase the identification of native botanical and microbial capabilities to biodegrade pollutants was achieved. Three native botanical species were selected for greenhouse studies: Cyperus laxus showed low sensitivity to TPH resulting in higher seed germination efficiency and growth rate. Since microbial consortia isolated from C. laxus rhizosphere were able todegrade up to 70% of TPH in 30 days laboratory cultures, a phytoremediation-reforest alternative was finally proposed to PEMEX. In a third step, the construction of a pilot plant in situ is now in course wherein both treatability studies and reforest strategies are being developed.

scholarly journals Soil Microcosms for Bioaugmentation With Fungal Isolates to Remediate Petroleum Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalel Daâssi ◽  
Fatimah Qabil Almaghribi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
Native Strains

Abstract The aim of this work was to isolate indigenous PAH degrading-fungi from petroleum contaminated soil and exogenous ligninolytic strains from decaying-wood, with the ability to secrete diverse enzyme activity. A total of ten ligninolytic fungal isolates and two native strains, has been successfully isolated, screened and identified. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the indigenous fungi (KBR1 and KB8) belong to the genus Aspergillus niger and tubingensis. While the ligninolytic exogenous PAH-degrading strains namely KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 were affiliated to different genera like Syncephalastrum sp, Paecilomyces formosus, Fusarium chlamydosporum, and Coniochaeta sp., respectively. Basis on the taxonomic analysis, enzymatic activities and the hydrocarbons removal rates, single fungal culture employing the strain LB3, KB4, KBR1 and the mixed culture (LB3+KB4) were selected to be used in soil microcosms treatments. The Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), fungal growth rates, BOD5/COD ratios and GC-MS analysis, were determined in all soil microcosmos treatments (SMT) and compared with those of the control (SMU). After 60 days of culture incubation, the highest rate of TPH degradation was recorded in SMT[KB4] by approximately 92±2.35% followed by SMT[KBR1] then SMT[LB3+KB4] with 86.66±1.83% and 85.14±2.21%, respectively.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Consortia Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida in Petroleum Contaminated-Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Tuhuloula ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Ali Altway ◽  
Sri Rachmania Juliastuti
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
And Control ◽  
Water Ratio

Contamination of soil by the activities of exploration, production, and disposal of oil waste into the environment causes serious damage to the environmental ecosystem, the target of processing by the bacteria as a model for remediation of oil contaminated site. Thus, the study was focused on determining the biodegradation percentage of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons as a function of the oil concentration. This research was conducted in a slurry bioreactor with mixed contaminated soil to water ratio of 20:80 (wt.%). A consortium of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida bacteria 10% (v/v) and 15% (v/v) with the ratio of 2:3, 1:1, and 3:2 was inserted into the slurry bioreactor and a single reactor was used as a control. The result of identification with an initial concentration of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons of 299.53 ng/µL, after 49 days of incubation for bacterial consortium 10% (v/v), the concentration was reduced to 85.31; 32.43; 59.74; and 112.22 ng/µL respectively and the biodegradation percentage was 71.5; 89.17; 80.05; and 62.54%. As for the bacterial consortium concentration of 15% (v/v) with the same ratio and control, the effluent concentration was 12.48; 7.72; 18.93 ng/µL, respectively or the biodegradation percentage was 95.83; 97.42; 93.68%.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF OIL AND GREASE, TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND VOLATILE AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN SOIL AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rauckyte ◽  
Sławomir Żak ◽  
Zenon Pawlak ◽  
Adekunle Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Volatile Aromatic Compounds

This paper describes a case study of petroleum‐contaminated soil/sediment samples which were analyzed using gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), volatile aromatic com‐pounds: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and naphthalene by GC‐MS, and oil and grease (O/G) con‐tent by sonication in hexane. The ratio of (TPH) / (O/G) shows that the hydrocarbon fraction is between 7% and 87%. The content of volatile organic fraction BTEX accounts for only a small proportion of total TPH, and the ratio of (BTEX) / (TPH) ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. It should be stressed that the use of TPH methods as against gas chromatography must be done with care because the potential risk posed by BTEX compounds may not be adequately addressed. Santrauka Aprašomi nafta užterštu dirvožemio bei dumblo pavyzdžiai, kuriuose duju chromatografijos būdu GC‐FIDnustatytas bendrasis naftos angliavandeniliu kiekis (TPH), o GC‐MS – lakieji aromatiniai junginiai: benzenas, toluenas, etilbenzenas ir ksilenai (BTEX) bei naftalenas. Sonifikacijos n‐heksane būdu nustatytas alieju ir riebalu (O/G) kiekis. TPH ir O/G santykis rodo, kad angliavandeniliu frakcijos yra nuo 7% iki 87%. Lakioji organine frakcija (BTEX) sudaro palyginti maža bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) dali, o BTEX ir TPH santykis svyruoja nuo 0,1% iki 0,6%. Ypač vertetu atkreipti demesi i bendrojo naftos angliavandeniliu kiekio (TPH) nustatyma duju chromatografijos būdu, nes galimas lakiosios organines frakcijos (BTEX) pavojingumas gali būti nepakankamai ivertintas. Peзюме Описаны образцы почвы и седимента, в которых способом хроматографии газа GC-FID определено общее количество нефтяных углеводородов (TPH), при помощи GC-MS установлены летучие ароматические соединения: бензол, толуол, этилобензол, ксилолы (BTEX) и нафталин. Способом сонификации в н-гексане определено количество масел и жиров (O/G). Отношение (TPH) / (O/G) свидетельствует о том, что в них содержится от 7% до 87% фракции углеводородов. Летучие ароматические соединения составляют относительно небольшую часть cyммарных нефтяных углеводородов, а отношение (BTEX) / (TPH) колеблется в пределах 0,1–0,6%. Особое внимание следует обратить на определение общего количества нефтяных углеводородов (TPH) способом хроматографии газа в связи с тем, что может быть не полноcтью оценена возможная опасность летучих ароматических соединений (BTEX).

scholarly journals The Key Factors for the Fate and Transport of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil With Related in/ex Situ Measurement Methods: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Ying Cheng ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
Mark Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Site Characterisation

Once petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are released into the soil, the interaction between PHs and soil media is dependent not only upon the soil properties but also on the characteristics of PHs. In this study, the key factors influencing the interactions between PHs and soil media are discussed. The key factors include: 1) the characteristics of PHs, such as volatility and viscosity; and 2) soil properties, such as porosity, hydraulic properties and water status, and organic matter; and 3) atmospheric circumstances, such as humidity and temperature. These key factors can be measured either ex-situ using conventional laboratory methods, or in situ using portable or handheld instruments. This study overviews the current ex/in situ techniques for measuring the listed key factors for PH contaminated site assessments. It is a tendency to apply in situ methods for PH contaminated site characterisation. Furthermore, handheld/portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument provides tremendous opportunities for in-field PH contaminated site assessment. This study also reviewed the non-destructive FTIR spectroscopy analysis coupling with handheld FTIR for in-field PH contaminated site characterisation, including determining the concentration of total PH, dominant PH fractions and soil key properties for PH transport modelling.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons applied at a site in Belgrade (Serbia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 1067-1081
Author(s):  
Sandra Bulatovic ◽  
Nenad Maric ◽  
Tatjana Solevic-Knudsen ◽  
Jelena Avdalovic ◽  
Mila Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
A Site ◽  
Specialized Population ◽  
Remediation Process

Due to their extensive use, petroleum hydrocarbons are among the most common groundwater contaminants. Compared to the traditional methods of physical pumping of contamination from the aquifer and subsequent treatment (i.e., pump and treat), bioremediation is an economically cost-effective technology. The aim of this remediation approach is to transform biologically contaminants, most often by microbiological activity, into non-toxic compounds. More precisely, it is an active remediation process that involves biostimulation (increase of aquifer oxygenation, addition of nutrients) and/or bioaugmentation (injection of a concentrated and specialized population of microorganisms). Using both biostimulation and bioaugmentation, enhanced in situ groundwater bioremediation was applied at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Belgrade. The bioremediation treatment, applied over twelve months, was highly efficient in reducing the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) to acceptable levels. The concentration of TPH in the piezometer P-5 was reduced by 98.55 %, in the piezometer P-6 by 98.30 % and in the piezometer P-7 by 98.09 %. These results provided strong evidence on the potential of this remediation approach to overcome site-limiting factors and enhance microbiological activity in order to reduce groundwater contamination.

Composting Study of Petroleum Contaminated Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Song ◽  
Ru Jing Liang ◽  
Yu Shuang Li ◽  
Xin Xin Li ◽  
Xiao Jun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil

Composting has been shown to be an effective bioremediation technique for the treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. In this research, the major objective of this research was to find the appropriate mix ratio of organic amendments for enhancing the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons during diesel oil contaminated soil composting. The spent mushroom was added as an amendment for supplementing organic matter for composting of contaminated soil. The volumn ratios of contaminated soil to organic amendments were 1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1. Target contaminant of this research was diesel oil, which was spiked at 16240 mg/kg sample on a dry weight basis. The degradation of diesel oil was significantly enhanced by the addition of these organic amendments relative to straight soil control. Degradation rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were the greatest at the ratio of 1:1 of contaminated soil to organic amendments on the volumn ratio. The abiotic loss of TPH was only about 6.83% of initial TPH.

scholarly journals Remediation of a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Site by Soil Vapor Extraction: A Full-Scale Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4261
Author(s):  
Claudia Labianca ◽  
Sabino De Gisi ◽  
Francesco Picardi ◽  
Francesco Todaro ◽  
Michele Notarnicola
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Vapor Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Spills, leaks, and other environmental aspects associated with petroleum products cause hazards to human health and ecosystems. Chemicals involved are total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), solvents, pesticides, and other heavy metals. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is one of the main in-situ technologies currently employed for the remediation of groundwater and vadose zone contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The performance of an SVE remediation system was examined for a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with attention to remediation targets and final performance. The study assessed: (1) the efficiency of a full-scale remediation system and (2) the influence of parameters affecting the treatment system effectiveness. Results showed how VOC concentration in soil was highly reduced after four year treatment with a global effectiveness of 73%. Some soil samples did not reach the environmental threshold limits and, therefore, an extension of the remediation period was required. The soil texture, humidity, permeability, and the category of considered pollutants were found to influence the amount of total extracted VOCs.

Assessment Monitored Natural Attenuation Rate in a Petroleum Contaminated Shallow Aquifer

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 2223-2226
Author(s):  
Hang Lv ◽  
Guang Yu Lin ◽  
Xiao Si Su ◽  
Ming Yao Liu ◽  
Nai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flux ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Attenuation Rate ◽  
Monitored Natural Attenuation

Contamination of groundwater and soil by petroleum hydrocarbons is a widespread environmental problem. In order to quantify the potential of natural attenuation of groundwater at a petroleum contaminated site. The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) concentrations of 11 rounds were collected during the 1 year monitoring period, and the mass flux technique is used to calculate the attenuation rates. The calculated attenuation rates are between 0.0046-0.0064d-1, which indicating the time to achieve the remediation goal for the contamination site is possible within 3 years by natural attenuation alone.

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