Globalization and its challenges for water management in the developing world

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Broad Framework

Water management in developing countries is significantly affected by the processes of globalization: primarily the rapidly acting market-oriented changes that aim to improve economic efficiency through competition and trade. The various impacts of market forces enable 3 categories of developing country to be differentiated: those rapidly integrating into the global economy; those that are not attractive to international investment and become increasingly marginalized; and those countries where both tendencies are powerful, leading to internal divisions and instabilities. Broad framework national development plans are needed that are sensitive to the different circumstances in these countries and that enable the possible actors to collaborate optimally. Often the business sector can take a leading role, but its role is severely limited in other countries. In all cases however the long-term commitment of local communities is essential even when it is hard to secure.

scholarly journals A Nonaligned Business World: The Global Socialist Enterprise between Self-Management and Transnational Capitalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ljubica Spaskovska ◽  
Anna Calori
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Business World ◽  
Socialist Enterprise ◽  
Leading Role

Abstract This article explores the role of Yugoslav self-managed corporations in the global economy, with a particular attention to the late socialist period (1976–1991). Guided by a vision of a long-term integration of the Yugoslav economy into the international division of labor on the basis of equality and mutual interest, by the late 1970s the country’s foreign trade and hard currency revenue was boosted by a number of globally oriented corporate entities, some of which survived the demise of socialism and the dissolution of the country. These enterprises had a leading role as the country’s principal exporters and as the fulcrum of a web of economic contacts and exchanges between the Global South, Western Europe, and the Soviet Bloc. The article seeks to fill a historiographic gap by focusing on two major Yugoslav enterprises (Energoinvest and Pelagonija) that were based in the less-developed federal republics—Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. The article also investigates the transnational flow of ideas around the so-called “public enterprise,” its embeddedness in an interdependent global economy, and its visions for equitable development. Finally, the article explores these enterprises as enablers of social mobility and welfare, as well as spaces where issues of efficiency, planning, self-reliance, and self-management were negotiated.

scholarly journals The Importance Of SMEs On World Economies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Bayraktar ◽  
Neşe Algan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The World

The importance of SMEs to world economies is well reported. SMEs (firms with 200 or less employees) construct the biggest business sector in each global economy therefore governments around the world are increase the effort to promote and support SME expansion as their national development strategy. Micro firms and SMEs are forming the majority of firms in most countries (which 95% on average) and for the large majority of jobs. While SMEs are dominating of very great numbers, SMEs are significant due to their importance as priority drivers to employment, economic growth and innovation. According to the World Trade Organization SMEs represent over 90% of the business population, 60-70% of employment and 55% of GDP in developed economies. SMEs held for around 20% of patents, one measure of innovation, in biotechnology-related fields in the Europe. As the world economy faces with prevailing challenges, governments increasingly start to turn on SMEs as a significant element of sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The importance of SMEs to; economic growth, poverty reduction, innovation and job creation also social cohesion are major key.

scholarly journals REFORMULASI PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL MODEL GARIS-GARIS BESAR HALUAN NEGARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ade Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
And Function

The inability of the national long-term development plan (RPJPN) to consolidate different programs between one President and the next President, results in unsustainable development plans. So there is a desire to revitalize the outlines of the state's direction (GBHN) as a guide to national development that was once able to integrate national development planning in the past. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the GBHN, because the concept of GBHN in the past is not necessarily relevant to the current state administration system, especially the implications of the GBHN on the authority of the MPR. The future GBHN systematics will be followed up with the RPJM and the regional mid-term development plan (RPJMD) in lieu of the five-year development plan. To strengthen the legality of GBHN as a development planning document, the MPR Decree on GBHN must be interpreted as a fundamental norm, so that if the President deviates from the GBHN, then the President can be impeached. This means that the position and function of the MPR and the Constitutional Court (MK) need to be reconstructed, that is, the MPR is given the authority to submit impeachments and execute MK Decisions related to impeachment of the President in violation of the GBHN, while the Constitutional Court has the authority to examine and adjudicate requests for impeachment. Thus, it is believed that development planning can run in an integrated and sustainable manner.

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

2022 ◽  
pp. 1659-1671
Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plans

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.

Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Development Plans

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.

scholarly journals Globalisation or regionalism? States, markets and the structure of international trade

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Pelagidis ◽  
Harry Papasotiriou
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Trading System ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Substantial Degree

The structure of international trade is determined not only by market forces, but also by the political objectives of states. Weak states participate least in the open international trading system. The strong states that do participate channel trade largely within regional trading blocks. The major states in Europe and East Asia have an incentive to diminish their dependence on the hegemonic power, that is, the United States, which has reacted with its own regionalism (NAFTA). Moreover, regionalism is interpreted as a strategy that reduces states' exposure to major shocks in the global economy. Additionally, it permits them to support weak sectors of their economies at a regional level without entirely undermining the long-term growth benefits of international trade, since a substantial degree of autarky is more feasible and efficient at a regional rather than at the national level.

National Development Plans and Regional Trade

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Far East ◽  
National Development ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The 1960S

The chapter looks at the national development plans of Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) countries in the 1960s and stresses the need for expansion of exports in order to reach self-sustained growth for these countries. It also contends that while long-term planning models of various ECAFE countries show a considerable increase in exports, their actual performance in the immediate past has been somewhat discouraging. Haq also presents some policy options for ECAFE countries for reorienting their insights, concentrating on expanding regional co-operation and trade.

scholarly journals Industrialisasi Berbasis Pertanian sebagai Grand Stratedy Pembangunan Ekonomi Nasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pantjar Simatupang ◽  
Nizwar Syafa'at
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
New Order ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
New Era ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Government

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>As a developing economy Indonesia, should have a comprehensive integrated long-term development plan which may be used as the guideline in implementing its national economic development as well as an instrument for evaluating government accountability and credibility. The New Order regime had prepared its first and second long-term development plan for 1969-1993 and 1993-2018 successively. The twin plans, however, has led Indonesia to the 1997-1999 multi dimensions crises and is considered in appropriate in the existing new era of total reformation. It must be totally reconstructed. For this, public discussions on the need for the government to formulated the new grand strategy of national development have emerged, but up and down, in the last two years. As an active contribution to the public debase, this paper reviews previous, Indonesia development plans, others' countries experiences as well as grand theories of economic development. Then it is suggested that the agricultural based industrialization may be the most suitable one for Indonesia. The new grand strategy should be decided based on a national concensus in order to avoid the practice of just for political rhetoric's as was during the New Order regime.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Bagi negara berkembang seperti indonesia, rencana pembangunan jangka panjang komprehensif-integratif sangat di perlukan sebagai acuan pelaksanaan pembangunan dan sebagai salah satu instrumen akuntabilitas dan kredibilitas pemerintah. Pemerintahaan Orde Baru telah menyusun rancangan pembangunan jangka panjang tahap I dan II masing-masing untuk peiode 1969-1993 dan 1993-2018. Rencana jangka panjang yang disusun rejim Orde Baru tersebut terbukti membawa Indonesia kedalam krisis tahun 1997-1999 dan sudah tidak sesuai dalam era Reformasi sehingga perlu dirancang ulang. Dalam dua tahun terakhir sesungguhnya telah muncul wacana publik yang menuntut agar pemerintah segera menyusun grand strategy ( strategi besar ) pembangunan nasional. Sebagai bagian dari wacana tersebut, tulisan ini mereview tentang konsepsi strategi pembangunan selama Orde Baru, pengalaman beberapa negara lain pemikiran teoritis tentang strategi pembangunan ekonomi. Berdasarkan hasil review tersebut, disarankan agar industrialisasi berbasis pertanian (agricultural based industrialization) dijadikan sebagai strategi besar (grand strategy) pembangunan nasional. Strategi tersebut haruslah dijadikan sebagai konsensus nasional, sehingga tidak sekedar retorika politik seperti pada masa Orde Baru.</p>

scholarly journals Industrial Property and Investment in the Research in the Business Sector – Comparative Study Czech Republic and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69
Author(s):  
Andrea Tomaskova ◽  
◽  
Roman Śmietański ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
National Development ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Czech Republic

The authors analyzed data on the topic with using descriptive statistics method for answers five research questions which are in line with the aim of the article. The aim of the paper is to perform a comparative study in the field of intellectual property and investment in research in the business sector in the Czech Republic and Poland. Data were drawn from statistical offices in the Czech Republic and Poland. In the Czech Republic. Data was processed using descriptive statistics. The number of patents and utility models has been declining in recent years, while in Poland their number is growing. On the other hand, there is a growing trend of companies investing in science and research, both in the Czech Republic and in Poland. The impulse for companies to invest in R&D is also part of long-term innovation strategies in both countries. In the Czech Republic, it is the strategy of the Czech Republic Country For The Future 2019 - 2030 and in Poland, it is the Long-term national development strategy. The article is important for making a comparison of the issue. This will be the basis for initiating academic research cooperation using tools from the long-term development strategies of both countries, which will bring implicit added value.

Social Responsibility of Authorities and Local Self-Government in Support of Integrated Development of Territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Victor Dubishchev ◽  
Olesia Hryhorieva ◽  
Iryna Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The contemporary approaches to the development of territories are considered in the article. It is noted that the integrated European approach to the development of territories is increasingly being applied in Ukraine. The essence of integrated development, the stages of development of the Integrated Development Strategy (Concept Strategy), emphasized that understanding of the role and functions of government and local self-government in the development and implementation of integrated development of territories should be perceived not only as the current management task, but also as social responsibility to the community and society. The key aspects of socially responsible behavior of authorities and local self-government in ensuring integrated development of territories are determined. It is noted that the perception of the fulfillment of its functions as social responsibility will allow to effectively plan and implement the development plans of the territories, compete for investments and the best jobs; use the local resource of the territory to create competitive advantages of the region, provide motivation and the ability of "key players" to use competitive advantages and to cooperate effectively; create and maintain institutions that promote the use of intellectual potential, ongoing modernization and innovation in the region; to ensure the willingness and ability of key institutions to adapt to the challenges of the global economy.

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