Performance of an innovative FWS constructed wetland in Crete, Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dialynas ◽  
N. Kefalakis ◽  
M. Dialynas ◽  
A. Angelakis
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Small Community ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Very High

Pompia is an ancient name of a small community in Messara valley, which is the main agricultural area, in central Crete. The constructed wetland in Pompia is a free water surface (FWS) system, for treating the wastewater of the local community of 1,200 p.e. That wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a pilot plant but it is simple, safe, innovative, and environmentally friendly. The WWTP was funded by the Region of Crete. The Eastern Crete Development Organization was responsible for the design, supervision, management, and initial operation. The project was completed in August 1999, and has been under operation since then. The effluent is considered to be equivalent to tertiary treated municipal wastewater, and it will be used to irrigate olive orchards. The general sense for a visitor is that the FWS system operates like a natural marsh and a habitat of birds and wild animals. In addition, very high removal rates for BOD5, COD, TSS, TKN, TP, TC, and FC have been obtained.

Potential use of mangrove plantation as constructed wetland for municipal wastewater treatment

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boonsong ◽  
S. Piyatiratitivorakul ◽  
P. Patanaponpaiboon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

The study evaluated the possibility of using mangrove plantation to treat municipal wastewater. Two types of pilot scale (100 × 150 m2) free water surface constructed wetland were set up. One system was a natural Avicennia marina dominated forest system. The other system was a newly planted system in which seedlings of Rhizophora spp., A. marina, Bruguiera cylindrica and Ceriops tagal were planted in 4 strips. Municipal wastewater was retained within the systems for 7 and 3 days, respectively. The results indicated that the average removal percentage of TSS, BOD, NO3-N, NH4-N, TN, PO4-P and TP in the newly planted system were 27.6-77.1, 43.9-53.9, 37.6-47.5, 81.1-85.9, 44.8-54.4, 24.7-76.8 and 22.6-65.3, respectively. Whereas the removal percentage of those parameters in the natural forest system were 17.1-65.9, 49.5-51.1, 44.0-60.9, 51.1-83.5, 43.4-50.4, 28.7-58.9 and 28.3-48.0, respectively. Generally, the removal percentages within the newly planted system and the natural forest system were not significantly different. However, when the removal percentages were compared with detention time, TSS, PO4-P and TP percentages removed were significantly higher in the 7-day detention time treatment. Even though the removal percentages were highly varied and temporally dependent, the overall results showed that mangrove plantation could be used as constructed wetland for municipal wastewater treatment in a similar way to the natural mangrove system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater effluent for agricultural irrigation purposes using the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesam Alihosseini ◽  
Ali Torabian ◽  
Farzam Babaei Semiromi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

Abstract The issues of freshwater scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas could be reduced via treated municipal wastewater effluent (TMWE). Artificial intelligence methods, especially the fuzzy inference system, have proven their ability in TMWE quality evaluation in complex and uncertain systems. The primary aim of this study was to use a Mamdani fuzzy inference system to present an index for agricultural application based on the Iranian water quality index (IWQI). Since the uncertainties were disregarded in the conventional IWQI, the present study improved this procedure by using fuzzy logic and then the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI) was proposed as a hybrid fuzzy-based index. TMWE samples of the Gheitarie wastewater treatment plant in Tehran city recorded from 2011 to 2017 were taken into consideration for testing the ability of the proposed index. The results of the FEQI showed samples categorized as ‘Excellent’ (21), ‘Good’ (10), ‘Fair’ (4), and ‘Marginal’ (1) for the warm seasons, and for the cool seasons, the samples categorized as ‘Excellent’, ‘Good’ and ‘Fair’ were 17, 18 and 1, respectively. Generally, a comparison between the IWQI and proposed model results revealed the FEQI's superiority in TMWE quality assessment.

Integrated Treatment of Domestic Wastewater Using Anaerobic Filter-Constructed Wetland in Military Camps

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1331-1334
Author(s):  
Tao Lv ◽  
Wu Long Zhang ◽  
Xie Zhang ◽  
Feng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Integrated Technique ◽  
Packing Layer

This paper studies through project cases the treatment effect of integrated technique of anaerobic filter and constructed wetland on domestic wastewater in military camps, and the method for preventing the blocking of anaerobic filter and constructed wetland packing. The results show that its average removal rate of COD, NH4+-N, TP and SS is 83.1%, 37.5%, 49.8% and 91.5% respectively, with effluent meeting the standard of Grade II in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002); as planned, two anaerobic filters, one for operation and the other laying fallow at a alternate period of 6 months, in combination of the design of spoil disposal, can effectively prevent the packing layer from being blocked; being preprocessed, anaerobic filter can effectively prevent the packing layer of constructed wetland from being blocked; in case of a certain difference in elevation, the integrated technique can achieve unpowered operation. Besides, it is easy to implement and manage at a low operational cost without professional technician, and can treat decentralized domestic wastewater, therefore, is suitable for camps.

scholarly journals A promising approach of reject water treatment using a tidal flow constructed wetland system employing alum sludge as main substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2367-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
Y. Q. Zhao ◽  
S. P. Wang ◽  
X. C. Guo ◽  
Y. X. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Alum Sludge

This study examined a novel reuse of alum sludge, an inescapable by-product of drinking water treatment process when aluminium salt is added as a coagulant, as the main medium in a laboratory-scale multi-stage constructed wetland (CW) system for reject water treatment. Such reject water is a main concern in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) for increasing the organic and nutrient loading. A ‘tidal flow’ strategy was employed to enhance the wetland aeration to stimulate organic matters (OM) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (N) oxidation while the ‘step feed’ operation was adopted to supply the necessary amount of carbon source for denitrification. The results reveal that alum sludge acting as P adsorbent can secure the P removal. Meanwhile, high removals of N and OM can also be obtained due to the active bacteria growth on the alum sludge surface. The results show that average removal efficiencies of 65.4 ± 12.3% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 67.8 ± 9.2% for five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 33.6 ± 17.0% for N and 99.5 ± 0.49% for P can be achieved over a period of 190 days. This indicates that novel reuse of alum sludge as medium in CW system can provide a promising approach for reject water treatment. Therefore, it will significantly reduce the amount of pollutant feedback through reject water recycling in a MWWTP.

Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Different Media and Macrophyte in Constructed Wetland

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2368-2372
Author(s):  
R.P. Singh ◽  
Ying He Jiang ◽  
Xiao Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Use

Constructed wetlands are very useful for the removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater. Use of different kinds of media and macrophytes improves the efficiency of nutrient removal of constructed wetlands. Three different media (pulverized ash bricks, shale and gravel) and common reed (Phragmites spp.) were used for present research work. This macrophyte is a local weed and easily available. Uses of different media with macrophyte are very efficient for nutrient removal from treated municipal wastewater. Out of these three media used for present research pulverized fly ash bricks media was most efficient for removal of phosphorus in constructed wetland.

Organic Extractables in Municipal Wastewater Vancouver, British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Rogers ◽  
Ian K. Birtwell ◽  
George M. Kruzynski
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sludge Extracts

Abstract Composite five to seven-day sample s of chlorinated and unchlorinated primary-treated municipal wastewater were collected at the Iona Island treatment plant during a 62-day exposure of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). No differences between chlorinated and unchlorinated samp les were detectable and only 9 chlorinated extractables we re identified. Mass spectrometric analysis of sewage and sludge extracts identified 100 base/neutral components and 60 acidic substances. Some major constituent s we re quantified. Fatty acids, petroleum hydrocarbons, aromatic acids and chemical disinfectants we re predominant. Toxic compounds present included chlorophenols, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) and nonylphenols plus nonylphenolethoxylates. Tetrachlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) reached maximum levels of 7.8 and 13.2 μg · L−l respectively. The PAH’s we re heavily concentrated in sludge samples. Nonylphenol was present in wastewater and sludge but the corresponding ethoxylates occurred only in wastewater. PCB’s were detectable only in sludge. Some novel identifications included two substituted monochiorophenol disinfectants and two generic drugs.

Economic benefit from irrigation of cotton and corn with treated wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Tsadilas ◽  
P.S. Vakalis
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
The City ◽  
Wastewater Use

The effect of irrigation with treated municipal wastewater on the agricultural income from cotton and corn crops was studied by a three-year field experiment (1995-1997), carried out within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Larissa, central Greece. The experimental design for both crops was randomised complete blocks with five treatments (M- control-irrigation with fresh water, W-irrigation with wastewater and no mineral fertilization, MF- irrigation with fresh water and complete mineral fertilization, WSF- irrigation with wastewater and reduced mineral fertilization, WTF- irrigation with wastewater and complete mineral fertilization). Each treatment was replicated four times. The agricultural income was assessed using the yield of the crops and the economic data of the area. The results showed that in the case of corn, the treatment WTF gave the highest agricultural income. The treatments W and WSF gave higher agricultural income compared to the control but was not significantly different compared to the treatment MF. In the case of cotton, all the treatments included wastewater use, increased significantly the agricultural income in comparison to the control, but at similar level as the treatment MF did. From the data of this study, it is concluded that treated wastewater can be used for irrigation of corn and cotton, saving fresh water and mineral fertilizers and obtaining the same or better economic results.

Comparison between PAA/UV and H2O2/UV disinfection for wastewater reuse

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lubello ◽  
C. Caretti ◽  
R. Gori
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The effect of peracetic acid (PAA) on indicator bacteria in secondary sewage effluent has shown PAA to be a viable alternative to other biocides. The synergy between UV/PAA and UV/H2O2 in laboratory experiments and at a pilot plant fed by the secondary effluent of two civil wastewater treatment plant has been investigated. This experiment is part of a larger research project on advanced treatment for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture. A very high level of disinfection is necessary because of Italy's strict limits on unrestricted wastewater reuse in agriculture (2 CFU Total Coliform/100 ml). We found out that a combined treatment is satisfactory and that it is more efficient when chemical products such as PAA or H2O2 are introduced before UV irradiation, taking advantage of the hydroxyl radicals formation due to photolysis. At a cost parity PAA/UV advanced oxidation process shows the same disinfectant action as H2O2/UV while at a dose (amount) and cost parity, PAA shows a significantly better disinfectant action than H2O2.

Disinfection capacity of seven constructed wetlands and ponds

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2111-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rühmland ◽  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Treatment Stage

The disinfection performance of three subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF), a free-water surface-constructed wetland and three ponds were investigated. They functioned as advanced treatment stage following treatment in a large municipal wastewater treatment plant equipped with nutrient removal. Despite low influent concentrations of 103.9/100 mL, Escherichia coli underwent a reduction of 1.7 (ditch) to 2.3 (sandy loamy SSF) orders of magnitude. After passing through these treatment plants E. coli was lowered sufficiently to within the permitted levels thus allowing it to be used in drip irrigation of fruits and vegetables. The change of seasons and hydraulic loading (in the range of 50–150 mm/day) as well as short-term overloadings did not impact the effluents' quality.

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