Economic benefit from irrigation of cotton and corn with treated wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Tsadilas ◽  
P.S. Vakalis
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
The City ◽  
Wastewater Use

The effect of irrigation with treated municipal wastewater on the agricultural income from cotton and corn crops was studied by a three-year field experiment (1995-1997), carried out within the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Larissa, central Greece. The experimental design for both crops was randomised complete blocks with five treatments (M- control-irrigation with fresh water, W-irrigation with wastewater and no mineral fertilization, MF- irrigation with fresh water and complete mineral fertilization, WSF- irrigation with wastewater and reduced mineral fertilization, WTF- irrigation with wastewater and complete mineral fertilization). Each treatment was replicated four times. The agricultural income was assessed using the yield of the crops and the economic data of the area. The results showed that in the case of corn, the treatment WTF gave the highest agricultural income. The treatments W and WSF gave higher agricultural income compared to the control but was not significantly different compared to the treatment MF. In the case of cotton, all the treatments included wastewater use, increased significantly the agricultural income in comparison to the control, but at similar level as the treatment MF did. From the data of this study, it is concluded that treated wastewater can be used for irrigation of corn and cotton, saving fresh water and mineral fertilizers and obtaining the same or better economic results.

Cultivation of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater for enhanced nitrogen removal: comparison of cultivation systems feeding irrigation water upward and downward

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muramatsu ◽  
H. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Kajihara ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Magdalena Domańska ◽  
Anna Boral ◽  
Kamila Hamal ◽  
Magdalena Kuśnierz ◽  
Janusz Łomotowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

AbstractThe increasingly stringent requirements for wastewater treatment enforce the adoption of technologies that reduce pollution and minimize waste production. By combining the typical activated sludge process with membrane filtration, biological membrane reactors (MBR) offer great technological potential in this respect. The paper presents the principles and effectiveness of using an MBR at the Głogów Małopolski operation. Physicochemical tests of raw and treated wastewater as well as microscopic analyses with the use of the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) method were carried out. Moreover, the level of electric energy consumption during the operation of the wastewater treatment plant and problems related to fouling were also discussed. A wastewater quality analysis confirmed the high efficiency of removing organic impurities (on average 96% in case of BOD5 and 94% in case of COD) and suspension (on average 93%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of treated municipal wastewater effluent for agricultural irrigation purposes using the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Seyed Hesam Alihosseini ◽  
Ali Torabian ◽  
Farzam Babaei Semiromi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

Abstract The issues of freshwater scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas could be reduced via treated municipal wastewater effluent (TMWE). Artificial intelligence methods, especially the fuzzy inference system, have proven their ability in TMWE quality evaluation in complex and uncertain systems. The primary aim of this study was to use a Mamdani fuzzy inference system to present an index for agricultural application based on the Iranian water quality index (IWQI). Since the uncertainties were disregarded in the conventional IWQI, the present study improved this procedure by using fuzzy logic and then the fuzzy effluent quality index (FEQI) was proposed as a hybrid fuzzy-based index. TMWE samples of the Gheitarie wastewater treatment plant in Tehran city recorded from 2011 to 2017 were taken into consideration for testing the ability of the proposed index. The results of the FEQI showed samples categorized as ‘Excellent’ (21), ‘Good’ (10), ‘Fair’ (4), and ‘Marginal’ (1) for the warm seasons, and for the cool seasons, the samples categorized as ‘Excellent’, ‘Good’ and ‘Fair’ were 17, 18 and 1, respectively. Generally, a comparison between the IWQI and proposed model results revealed the FEQI's superiority in TMWE quality assessment.

A pilot scale study of a sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater operated via the UP-PND process

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kornaros ◽  
C. Marazioti ◽  
G. Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Wastewater

SBRs are usually preferred as small and decentralized wastewater treatment systems. We have demonstrated previously that using a frequent enough switching between aerobic and anoxic conditions and a specific to the treated wastewater aerobic to anoxic phase ratio, it is possible to by-pass the second step of nitrification (i.e. conversion of nitrite to nitrate nitrogen). This innovative process for nitrate by-pass has been branded as UP-PND (University of Patras-Partial Nitrification Denitrification) (WO 2006/129132). The proved methodology was successfully transferred from a lab-scale SBR reactor treating synthetic wastewater to a pilot-scale SBR system treating real wastewater. In this work we present the results from the operation of this pilot-scale SBR, constructed in the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Patras (Greece), using 6-hour, 8-hour and 12-hour cycles. It is demonstrated that three pairs of aerobic/anoxic phases with a relative duration of 1:2 (8-hour cycle) and 2:3 (12-hour cycle) secures the desired by-pass of nitrate production.

Rice production with minimal irrigation and no nitrogen fertilizer by intensive use of treated municipal wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Muramatsu ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroaki Ito ◽  
Akihiko Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
New System

We designed a new cultivation system of rice with circulated irrigation to remove nitrogen from treated municipal wastewater effectively and assessed the possibility of nitrogen removal in the new system without any adverse effects on rice production through bench-scale experiments through two seasons. Overgrowth of the rice plant, which can lead to lodging and tasteless rice, was found in the first season probably because nitrogen supply based on standard practice in normal paddy fields was too much in the closed irrigation system. In the second season, therefore, the amount of treated wastewater initially applied to the system was reduced but this resulted in a considerably decreased yield. On the other hand, the taste of the rice was significantly improved. The two-season experiments revealed that the new system enabled rice production with minimal irrigation (approximately 50% on the yield base compared to normal paddy fields) and no nitrogen fertilizer. The system also achieved >95% removal of nitrogen from the treated wastewater used for circulated irrigation. The accumulation of harmful metals in the rice was not observed after one season of cultivation in the new system. The accumulation after cultivation using the same soil repeatedly for a longer time should be examined by further studies.

Can treated municipal wastewater be reused after ozonation and nanofiltration? Results from a pilot study of pharmaceutical removal in Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Flyborg ◽  
Berndt Björlenius ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) and ozonation for indirect potable reuse in terms of pharmaceutical residuals. To simultaneously obtain a reasonable retentate volume for further treatment, the tests were performed at a high volume reduction factor (VRF) of 60. The feed to the pilot plant was the effluent from a BNR plant with a final process step of chemical precipitation and rapid sand filtration. Two tests were performed 1) nanofiltration of treated wastewater followed by ozonation and 2) ozonated treated wastewater as feed to NF. Of the 95 pharmaceuticals analysed, three were not removed to the quantification limit, oxazepam in the first test and glibenclamide and ketoprofen in the second. The water quality after the two processes was similar, with an overall removal of pharmaceutical residuals of 99%. There are two advantages of ozonated water as feed to NF—a higher specific flux of 35% and a potential removal of ozonation by-products. The retention of some pharmaceuticals by NF was lower than anticipated, the major removal occurring in the ozonation. A tighter NF or RO is required in order to achieve higher pharmaceutical retention for further treatment of the retentate.

scholarly journals Phytotechnology applied to municipal wastewater treatment on irrigated fields of Gdansk (Poland) (1872-1992)

2007 ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Piotr Kowalik ◽  
Ziemowit Suligowski
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
The City

By I 863 the population of Gdansk was about I 00000 people and the water consumption waspredicted on the level of 100 litres per person a day, which meant about 10000 m3/day ofwastewater. The water supply and sewerage systems were completed in I 869-1871 and thewastewater treatment plant built in I 872 (it was situated 3 km from the city), The wastewatertreatment plant consisted of the 320 ha of the irrigation fields of Sianki, These fields werenever used for agriculture. Sand dunes were levelled and ditches were constructed on 2 levels.Ditches on the upper level received wastewater, while those at the lower level served to draintreated wastewater. From the upper ditches wastewater was distributed to flood and irrigatesandy soils covered by grass. The hydraulic load was above 3000 mm per year in I 872,increasing year after year and ending with 8000 mm per year in 1972. Efficiency of pollutionremoval was 80%, The irrigation fields on sandy dunes served well until the 1970s, when theplant was overloaded, neglected and included into the industrial area of harbour. Fields werecovered by grass monoculture for hay production of couch-grass (Agrophyrum repens). In thelocations of local sedimentation of sewage sludge the monoculture of nettle (Urtica) wasdeveloped. Due to the poor management, more and more wastewater was flowing on thesurface of the fields, instead of infiltrating and percolating through the sandy soil, whichreduced their purification efficiency from 80 to 10%. During the period of 1992-1994 theplant was closed after 120 years of continuous use.

scholarly journals The speciation of inorganic arsenic in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521
Author(s):  
Mari Ataee ◽  
Toraj Ahmadi-Jouibari ◽  
Negar Noori ◽  
Nazir Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

An efficient method using vortex-assisted microextraction based on a deep eutectic solvent followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the determination of arsenic species in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Analysis in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łój-Pilch ◽  
Anita Zakrzewska ◽  
Ewa Zielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

Risk management, an aspect of which is risk assessment, is a process supporting the proper function of municipal sewage treatment plants. Many factors affect the quality of treated wastewater. Risk assessment, its analysis, and hierarchization permit the elimination of events with the most destructive impacts on the purification process.

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