Automation in sludge dewatering by novel on-line characterisation of flocculation

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sievers ◽  
C. Schroeder ◽  
H. Bormann ◽  
T.I. Onyeche ◽  
O. Schlaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Flocculation Process

A novel on-line method and system for characterisation of sludge flocs in view of improving sludge dewatering has been developed. The characterisation of sludge flocs was carried out after the conditioning or the flocculation process. The system uses a conventional CCD-line scan camera providing an on-line monitoring of the relative floc size distribution by image processing procedures. The image processing procedure has been re-evaluated and adapted to the practical dewatering results, obtained from a chamber filter press of 250 × 250 mm size. A good correlation between the calculated sensor signal and the sludge dewaterability of digested sludge in terms of the up-concentration factor was found. Although different sludge compositions and flocculation systems have been tested within the whole experimental period of six months, a good reproducibility of this correlation was also found. A well balanced floc size distribution is necessary showing that not too many but still some fine flocs and also not too large but compact flocs lead to improved dewaterability. This has been illustrated by an extended range of floc size measurements ranging between 50 mm and 29 mm. The conditioning monitoring system would be suitable for the control of production of good size-balanced flocs to compensate fluctuations in sludge characteristics of the sludge to be conditioned.

Activated sludge flocculation: direct determination of the effect of calcium ions

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Biggs ◽  
A. M. Ford ◽  
P. A. Lant
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
On Line ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Insight Into

The effect of calcium on activated sludge flocculation dynamics is investigated using a unique experimental technique. The technique allows on-line analysis of the size of activated sludge flocs during flocculation and provides valuable insight into the mechanisms of flocculation. Activated sludge samples were firstly sonicated for 3 minutes at 50W and then stirred at 100 rpm. The floc size was subsequently measured on-line using a Malvern Mastersizer/E. For concentrations of calcium less than 4 meq/L no significant increase in final floc size was observed even though an increase in the initial rate of change of floc size could be seen. Addition of calcium greater than 4 meq/L resulted in a dramatic increase in floc size. Results from this investigation support the theory that cations are involved in flocculation through cationic bridging, and will be used in ongoing investigations to model the flocculation process.

scholarly journals Measuring sea-ice concentration and floe-size distribution by image processing

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichiro Muramoto ◽  
Kohki Matsuura ◽  
Tatsuo Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Syowa Station ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Analysis

A technique for analyzing sea-ice concentration and floe-size distribution by means of image processing is proposed. The sea ice was photographed by video camera from the ship. The technique proposed for analyzing sea-ice images can be applied on line or off line. In on-line analysis, sea-ice images photographed by a video camera are digitized in real time. Ice concentration is calculated by summing ice pixels of each row of a digital image and ice shape can be obtained roughly by a composition of each row. In off-line analysis, sea-ice images recorded to a video recorder are processed. Both ice shape and ice concentration can be obtained accurately by analyzing predetermined square regions of an image. Although the off-line method requires more time to calculate, it is useful for detailed analysis of regional ice properties. Computations of ice concentration and floe-size distribution are performed using images obtained between Breid Bay and Syowa Station in 1988.

scholarly journals Measuring sea-ice concentration and floe-size distribution by image processing

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichiro Muramoto ◽  
Kohki Matsuura ◽  
Tatsuo Endoh
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Syowa Station ◽  
Video Recorder ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Analysis

A technique for analyzing sea-ice concentration and floe-size distribution by means of image processing is proposed. The sea ice was photographed by video camera from the ship. The technique proposed for analyzing sea-ice images can be applied on line or off line. In on-line analysis, sea-ice images photographed by a video camera are digitized in real time. Ice concentration is calculated by summing ice pixels of each row of a digital image and ice shape can be obtained roughly by a composition of each row. In off-line analysis, sea-ice images recorded to a video recorder are processed. Both ice shape and ice concentration can be obtained accurately by analyzing predetermined square regions of an image. Although the off-line method requires more time to calculate, it is useful for detailed analysis of regional ice properties. Computations of ice concentration and floe-size distribution are performed using images obtained between Breid Bay and Syowa Station in 1988.

scholarly journals Chitosan Modified Cationic Polyacrylamide Initiated by UV-H2O2 for Sludge Flocculation and New Insight on the Floc Characteristics Study

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2738
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xiaojun Xu ◽  
Rui Nie ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
Xuhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Floc Size ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Floc Characteristics

In the present study, a novel graft modified flocculant CTS-g-PAMD was synthesized and applied to conduct sludge conditioning and dewatering. CTS-g-PAMD was copolymerized with AM, DMC and chitosan (CTS) under UV-H2O2 initiation. In addition, the effects of single factor experiments on the molecular weight (MW) CTS grafting efficiency (GE) of CTS-g-PAMD were determined and the optimal copolymerization conditions were achieved. The GE of CTS-g-PAMD reached 91.1% and the MW was 4.82 × 106 Da. As revealed from the characterized results of Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), 1H/ NMR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the successful synthesis of CTS-g-PAMD was confirmed, which is considered to be conducive to explaining sludge dewatering performance. Under the optimal conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 35 mg/L), the best flocculating performance (FCMC: 73.7%; SRF: 4.7 × 1012 m·kg−1, turbidity: 9.4 NTU) and large and dense sludge flocs (floc size d50 = 379.142 µm, floc fractal dimension Df = 1.58) were formed. The DMC and CTS chain segments exhibiting cationic properties significantly improved the positive charge density and enhanced the electrical patching effect of CTS-g-PAMD. The long molecular chain of CTS-g-PAMD exhibited superior extensibility, which enhanced bridging effect on adsorption. Moreover, the sludge floc after undergoing CTS-g-PAMD conditioning exhibited robust shear resistance and regeneration ability. After the sludge floc was crushed and broken, a large and dense sludge floc was formed, helping significantly reduce the sludge specific resistance (SRF), turbidity and cake moisture content (FCMC) and enhance the sludge dewatering effect. The novel CTS-g-PAMD flocculant shows promising practical applications and high market value.

scholarly journals On-line Measurement of Cell Size Distribution and Concentration of Yeast by Image Processing.

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Yamashita ◽  
Masayoshi Kuwashima ◽  
Toshiyuki Nonaka ◽  
Mutsumi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line

Software pattern recognition applied to nanodiffraction patterns from a STEM instrument

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
G.Y. Fan ◽  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Host Computer ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Image Processing System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line

In recent developments, the ASU HB5 has been modified so that the timing, positioning, and scanning of the finely focused electron probe can be entirely controlled by a host computer. This made the asynchronized handshake possible between the HB5 STEM and the image processing system which consists of host computer (PDP 11/34), DeAnza image processor (IP 5000) which is interfaced with a low-light level TV camera, array processor (AP 400) and various peripheral devices. This greatly facilitates the pattern recognition technique initiated by Monosmith and Cowley. Software called NANHB5 is under development which, instead of employing a set of photo-diodes to detect strong spots on a TV screen, uses various software techniques including on-line fast Fourier transform (FFT) to recognize patterns of greater complexity, taking advantage of the sophistication of our image processing system and the flexibility of computer software.

Control Strategies for a Highly Loaded Biological Ammonia Elimination Process

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Teichgräber
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
On Line ◽  
Treatment Facilities

A nitrification/denitrification process was applied to reject water treatment from sludge dewatering at Bottrop central sludge treatment facilities of the Emschergenossenschaft. On-line monitoring of influent and effluent turbidity, closed loop control of DO and pH, and on-line monitoring of nitrogen compounds were combined to a three level control pattern. Though on-line measurement of substrate and product showed substantial response time it could be used to operate nitrification/denitrification within process boundaries.

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