Developing methods to evaluate odour control products

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bouzalakos ◽  
B. Jefferson ◽  
P.J. Longhurst ◽  
R.M. Stuetz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

An economical and practical alternative to the standard end-of-pipe odour control methods is the application of liquid odour control products. Currently, there are no established product-testing methods. The data that are available are often of questionable quality and may have limited relevance to waste management. Waste facilities receive differing streams of waste at varying loading volumes. Whilst in operation this exposes control products to a wide variety of environmental conditions, further increasing the difficulty of selecting an effective means of control. The current study initially identifies commercially available odour control products applicable for solid and liquid waste management operations. Bench-scale batch absorption tests have been carried out to investigate odorous gas abatement for a range of selected commercial products and water at a range of pH values. Hydrogen sulphide was the test odorous gas, as it is commonly associated with waste processes. Gas-phase volumetric mass-transfer coefficients (KGa) have been calculated to determine mass-transfer performance. The development of a pilot-scale spray tower is then presented as the testing apparatus for future work. This is an attempt to construct a repeatable testing method for evaluating abatement performance of odour control products, and control the problems encountered when applying odour control products to open sites. KGa values and data collected from tests in this study will be considered in future work as design parameters for the rig.

Lifting Operations for Subsea Installations Using Small Construction Vessels and Active Heave Compensation Systems: A Simulation Approach

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl H. Halse ◽  
Vilmar Æsøy ◽  
Dmitriy Ponkratov ◽  
Yingguang Chu ◽  
Jiafeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Resonance Effects ◽  
Compensation Systems ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work

Sub-sea installation operations require a high level of accuracy and control in order to avoid misalignment and possible collisions between modules on the sea bed. To reduce costs, smaller and lighter construction vessels are now performing these operations. The most critical parts of the operation are lift-off from the deck, passing through the splash zone, and landing sensitive equipment on the sea bed. The hazards are: high dynamic loads, resonance effects, and slack line snap. Therefore, in this study, modeling and simulation are applied to optimize design parameters and develop operational procedures for each operation to reduce risk of failure. Further, the same models can be used in operator simulator training. Modeling and simulation of interactive multi body systems is a rather complex task, involving the vessel as a moving platform, lifting equipment such as cranes and winches, guiding devices, lifting cables and payload behavior in air, all while partly to fully submerged. It is a multi-physics problem involving hydrodynamics, mechanics, hydraulics, electronics, and control systems. This paper describes an approach to link the different models to simulate the operations including interactions between the sub-systems. The paper focuses on the modeling approach used to connect the various dynamic systems into the complete operating system. The work is in its initial phase, and some of the sub-systems models are not complete. The models are described in this paper and will be included in future work. Some initial operational examples are included, to show how the models work together.

Kinetic Study of Pressurized Ozonation Reactor of Tap Water

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nien-Hsin Kao ◽  
Ming-Chien Su
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Calculated Average

A developed pressurized pilot scale ozonation system with the volume of 28 L was designed to simulate the field operating condition by transferring premixed ozone and tap water into this system under the influence of three system pressure (1, 2 and 3 kgf/cm2), seven initial pH (5, 6, 6.5, 6.8, 8, 8.5, 9). The system was running in a continuous mode and with only initial pH adjustment to study the dissolution, self-decomposition and mass transfer of ozone in these conditions. The effects of the operating pressure and pH on ozone dissolution concentration, ozone decomposition rates and the liquid phase overall mass transfer coefficients (KLa) were determined quantitatively. The data show the calculated average ozone decomposition rates for pH increase from 5 to 9 are 9.01E-7 to 2.64 E-6 mol/L-min by using mole balance equation at the system pressure 2 kgf/cm2. The calculated average of KLa at the pseudo-steady state are 0.039 min−1 and 0.069 min−1 for pH less 6.5 and greater than 6.8, respectively.

Sanitation of Polluted Soil Areas and Hazardous Waste Management at DSM

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hazardous Waste Management ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
The Past ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Uncontrolled Landfill ◽  
And Control

Hazardous waste management at DSM, a large chemical company in the Netherlands, relates to two types of activities:sanitation of areas polluted by waste or by operations in the past,management and control of waste, including hazardous waste, from existing operations. Uncontrolled landfill and operations between 1925 and 1980 at the DSM site led to the creation of several polluted soil areas. In the period from 1987 to 1990 a large controlled landfill was constructed in order to sanitate a number of these places. The costs are about $ 25 million. In order to deal in a proper way with all solid and liquid waste (except waste water) a central waste management department was established. Measures are being taken to prevent new cases of soil pollution. In accordance with the policy of the Dutch government DSM started a program to minimize waste production.

scholarly journals Design of adsorption column for reclamation of methyldiethanolamine using homogeneous surface diffusion model

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Pravin Kannan ◽  
Priyabrata Pal ◽  
Fawzi Banat
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Homogeneous Surface ◽  
Composite Adsorbent

A predictive simulation model was applied to design a fixed-bed adsorber for studying the removal of Total Organic Acid (TOA) anions from lean Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution using Calcium Alginate Bentonite (CAB) clay hybrid composite adsorbent. Unlike other conventional techniques typically used for packed bed design, the predictive Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM) does not require any test column breakthrough curves a priori. Mass transfer coefficients and isotherm model parameters are provided as input data to HSDM for simulating column breakthrough curves. Various isotherm models were fitted to batch equilibrium data for TOA adsorption on CAB composite adsorbent. Based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Freundlich isotherm was selected and the model parameters were obtained by non-linear regression. Film transfer coefficients and surface diffusivities were determined using appropriate empirical correlations available in the literature. HSDM predictions were first validated using lab-scale column adsorption data generated at lower residence times. The effects of dimensionless numbers (Biot and Stanton) on breakthrough times were investigated using the dimensionless HSDM system and a suitable scale-up regime (Bi& ~& 1 and St& >& 10) was established wherein the sensitivity of mass transfer parameters would be minimal. Using similitude rules on key design parameters, a pilot-scale adsorption column was designed and breakthrough curves were generated using the validated HSDM. The appropriateness of the design technique was verified by comparing the estimated breakthrough data and column design parameters with conventional scale-up and kinetic approaches.

scholarly journals Effects of geometric parameters on volumetric mass transfer coefficient of non-Newtonian fluids in stirred tanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Ali ◽  
Sofia Zhu ◽  
Jannike Solsvik
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Stirred Tanks

Abstract Scaling up stirred tanks is a significant challenge because of the research gaps between laboratory and industrial-scale setups. It is necessary to understand the effects of scale-up on the mass transfer in stirred tanks, and this requires meticulous experimental analysis. The present study investigates the effects of tank size and aspect ratio ( H L T ${H}_{L}}{T}$ ) on the volumetric mass transfer coefficients of shear-thinning fluids. The experiments were conducted in three stirred tanks of different sizes (laboratory and pilot scale) and geometries (standard and nonstandard). H L T ${H}_{L}}{T}$ was 1 for the standard tanks and 3.5 for the nonstandard stirred tanks. Three sizes of stirred tanks were used: 11 L with H L T ${H}_{L}}{T}$ of 1, 40 L with H L T ${H}_{L}}{T}$ of 3.5, and 47 L with H L T ${H}_{L}}{T}$ of 1. Impeller stirring speeds and gas flow rates were in the range of 800–900 rev min−1 and 8–10 L min−1, respectively. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was estimated based on the dissolved oxygen concentration in the fluids, and the effects of rheology and operating conditions on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient were observed. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient decreased as tank size increased and increased with an increase in operating conditions, but these effects were also clearly influenced by fluid rheology. The impacts of scale-up and operating conditions on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient decreased as liquid viscosity increased.

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