Denitrification rate and carbon source consumption in ull-scale wastewater filtration

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Wastewater Filtration ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Operational Time

In response to new demands for increased removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, the Henriksdal and Bromma treatment plants, with hydraulic loads of 283,000 and 148,000 m3/d, respectively, built filtration steps as a final process step in the plants. The denitrification rates in a full-scale and in a pilot plant filter are calculated to 13.1 and 21.3 g (NO3+NO2)-N/(m3·h), respectively, in the total filter bed after 2.5-24.2 and 16.0-28.0 h of operational time, and 6.4 and 18.7 g (NO3+NO2)-N/(m3·h), respectively, after 1.0 and 0.1-0.9 h of operational time. In composite samples, the denitrification rate in the total filter bed is 10-20 g (NO3+NO2)-N/(m3·h) in the full-scale filter. The average values for k = ΔCODf/ΔCT are 1.6 and around 3 in the total filter bed in steady state and in the beginning of the experiments, respectively, both in the full-scale and in the pilot plant study. The carbon source costs for reducing the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the Bromma plant from 12 to 8 mg/l in the effluent are 117,400 EUR and 147,400 EUR with methanol and ethanol, respectively, as a carbon source.

Elimination of viruses, bacteria and protozoan oocysts by slow sand filtration

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A.M. Hijnen ◽  
J.F. Schijven ◽  
P. Bonné ◽  
A. Visser ◽  
G.J. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Bacteria Removal

The decimal elimination capacity (DEC) of slow sand filters (SSF) for viruses, bacteria and oocysts of Cryptosporidium has been assessed from full-scale data and pilot plant and laboratory experiments. DEC for viruses calculated from experimental data with MS2-bacteriophages in the pilot plant filters was 1.5-2 log10. E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms (Coli44) were removed at full-scale and in the pilot plant with 2-3 log10. At full-scale, Campylobacter bacteria removal was 1 log10 more than removal of Coli44, which indicated that Coli44 was a conservative surrogate for these pathogenic bacteria. Laboratory experiments with sand columns showed 2-3 and >5-6 log10 removal of spiked spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia (SSRC; C. perfringens) and oocysts of Cryptosporidium respectively. Consequently, SSRC was not a good surrogate to quantify oocyst removal by SSF. Removal of indigenous SSRC by full-scale filters was less efficient than observed in the laboratory columns, probably due to continuous loading of these filter beds with spores, accumulation and retarded transport. It remains to be investigated if this also applies to oocyst removal by SSF. The results additionally showed that the schmutzdecke and accumulation of (in)organic charged compounds in the sand increased the elimination of microorganisms. Removal of the schmutzdecke reduced DEC for bacteria by ±2 log10, but did not affect removal of phages. This clearly indicated that, besides biological activity, both straining and adsorption were important removal mechanisms in the filter bed for microorganisms larger than viruses.

Combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a full-scale continuous up-flow sand filter

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hultman ◽  
K. Jönsson ◽  
E. Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Sedimentation Basins

An attractive method for post-denitrification may be the use of sand filters. In this paper, a description and evaluation are given of full scale studies of the use of a continuous sand filter for the combined removal of suspended solids, phosphorus and nitrogen. Experiments were performed using methanol as a carbon source for denitrification and ferric chloride for an improved phosphorus removal. The studied continuous sand filter was a DynaSand filter marketed by Nordic Water Products AB. The filter has a surface area of 4.7 m2 and a maximum possible bed height of 6 m. The bed consisted of sand with 1.2-2 mm grain size. The tested bed heights were 3.5-4.8 m, and the hydraulic load varied between 5.4 and 24.5 m/h. The effluent from the Loudden treatment plant in Stockholm was supplied to the filter. Influent nitrate concentrations up to 20 mg N/l were tested and they decreased to 0.5-2 mg N/l. The methanol dosage was controlled by the measurement of nitrate continuously in the effluent by a dr Lange meter. The denitrification rate followed a half order reaction down to low values of nitrate. Results showed that an effluent concentration of 0.15 mg P/l could easily be obtained. It was found that the influence of phosphate concentration is small on the denitrification rate if the phosphate concentration is above 0.1 mg P/l. The reject has a low sludge index which is favourable if the reject is returned to a sedimentation basin. The emission of nitrous gas (N2O) is very low. The installation makes it possible to use space efficiently, since polishing, phosphorus removal and denitrification can take place in the same unit. Already the phosphorus removal process reduces the need for process volume by 80% compared to a conventional process with flocculation and sedimentation basins.

Experiences of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in deep-bed filters at henriksdal sewage works in Stockholm

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
L. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
H 20

Deep-bed down-flow two-media filters were used in pilot plant studies with filtration of secondary settled wastewater. FeSO4 or FeCl5 was applied as a precipitation agent, and NaAc·3H2O was chosen as a carbon source when denitrification was desired. The concentration of PO4-P in the filtrate from the pilot plant study never exceeded 0.05 mg PO4-P/l when iron salts were dosed. The curves showing the concentration of P-tot and PO4-P in the filtrate as a function of the quotient between the dosage of iron and the concentration of PO4-P in the influent to the filter followed approximately an exponential relationship. The total nitrogen reduction over the filter bed increased from an average of 2.3 mg (NO3+NO2)-N/l at the beginning of each experiment to an average of 4.3 mg (NO3+NO2)-N/l towards the end of the test. When only secondary settled wastewater, suspended solids, primary settled wastewater, iron salts, or sodium acetate was added, at a hydraulic load of 10 m/h, the time before clogging became 100 h, 10–15 h, 20–40 h, respectively. Almost the entire pressure drop was located on the surface of the filter bed and 0.25 metre down in the expanded clay layer.

Integration of wastewater and OFMSW treatment cycles: from the pilot scale experiment to the industrial realisation – the new full scale plant of Treviso (Italy)

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
P. Battistoni ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
L. Innocenti ◽  
P. Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Pure Methanol

The paper presents the results from experiments on pilot scale plants concerning the possibility to integrate the organic waste and wastewater treatment cycles, using the light organic fraction produced via anaerobic fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as a readily biodegradable organic carbon source for biological nutrient removal processes: the addition of the effluent from the fermentation unit as an external carbon source allows nitrogen and phosphorus removal of about 70–80% and the values of the effluent are in accordance with EC 271/91 Directive discharge limits. Maximal denitrification rate with fermenter effluent addition shows values close to those typical of pure methanol addition (0.3 kg N–NO3/kg VSS d) and double those obtained by primary settled sludges elutriate addition (0.14 kg N–NO3/kg VSS d). A full scale application of the approach (70,000 IPE), operating since July 1999 in northern Italy, is presented and an ASM 2 simulation is used to verify the behaviour of the whole real process.

Development of the intermittent cyclic process for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hamamoto ◽  
S. Tabata ◽  
Y. Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
To Receive

Technology to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by carrying out aerobic and anaerobic operations in a single reactor has been developed by the authors. The Intermittent Cyclic Process can be used with two reactors, operating at opposite stages, to receive and treat influent on an uninterrupted basis. Research has been carried out in the: laboratory; pilot plant; and in a 540 m3 full scale wastewater plant. Experiments with aeration time ratios (aeration time to total cycle time) from 0.125 to 1 have been made, and 0.125 yielded the best nitrogen and phosphorus removal results in the laboratory study. In the pilot plant average nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates of 86% and 82% were achieved. In over three years of operation, the full-scale plant realized rates of 87% and 74% respectively. Performance has further improved with our recently developed controller which uses “fuzzy logic” to automatically determine optimal mixing and aeration periods. Measurements of DO, pH, ORP, and reactor water level are constantly relayed to the fuzzy controller. Average nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates in the full-scale plant were 96% and 93%. The study demonstrates that the fuzzy controller is practical and enhances nitrogen and phosphorus removal.

An Alternative Use of Biogas Applied at the Water Denitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Houbron ◽  
Michel Torrijos ◽  
Bernard Capdeville
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Chemostat Culture ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Denitrification Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The urban wastewater treatment plants of the 21st century will have to consider the removal of the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. On one hand, the usual exogenous carbon source for tertiary treatment are generally supplied as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, etc. On the other hand, the anaerobic wastewater treatment plant produces a biogas which contains up to 90 % of methane and which could be used as a cheap carbon source for denitrification. The first step of this work conducted in batch culture with or without copper, has shown that a consortium of methanotrophic and denitrifying bacteria are involved in this process. The methanotrophic bacteria oxidises methane under aerobic conditions via a specific enzyme (Methane Mono Oxygenase) and produces a soluble organic carbon in the liquid phase available for the denitrification. During the batch culture, when dissolved oxygen concentration decreases below 1 mg/l, a maximum denitrification rate of 3.3 mg N-NO3/l.h was obtained with 80 μg/l of copper in the medium. The consumption rate of methane was 3.5 mmol CH4/l.h. The molar ratio of the oxygen/methane consumed was 1.27, and the mass ratio of C-CH4 consumed to N-NO3 eliminated was 10.9. During chemostat culture, denitrification on synthetic and real nitrifying water was tested. The stability of the consortium has been verified under different culture conditions. The variation of the dilution rate showed that the maximum one was 0.16 h−1. The specific denitrification rate obtained with synthetic and real water were respectively 6.1 and 9.47 mg N-NO3/TSS.h, with a C/N mass ratio of 3.6 and 4.6. In chemostat, culture the efficiency of the methane oxidation and the denitrification was improved.

Thermal Modeling of Biological Mustard Hydrolysate Treatment Reactors and Full-Scale Simulated Testing at the Pueblo Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (6) ◽  
pp. 5907-5927
Author(s):  
Paul J Usinowicz ◽  
George Lecakes ◽  
Thomas C Spear ◽  
Zack Burger ◽  
Charles Oclassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Chemical Agent

Upgrading of waterworks with a new biooxidation process for removal of manganese and iron

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hedberg ◽  
T. A. Wahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Treatment Water

The paper describes how waterworks can be upgraded by the use of microbiologically unit operations to make it possible to remove manganese from groundwater and surface water. Pilot plant studies and full-scale plant studies show that conventional oxidants as permanganate may be replaced by biooxidation thus reducing the use of chemicals in water treatment. Water containing high amounts of Fe and/or Mn and organic matter may be difficult to treat and pilot plant studies are therefore recommended. This study shows that one ground waterworks and one surface waterworks succed in removing manganese where previous treatment with permangante had failed.

Application of membrane bioreactor system with full scale plant on livestock wastewater

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kim ◽  
H.-S. Kim ◽  
I.-T. Yeom ◽  
Y.-B. Chae
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Bioreactor System ◽  
High Level

A full-scale plant of an MBR system treating livestock wastewater has shown impressive results. The Cheorwon County Environmental Authorities adopted the MBR process with UF membrane for retrofitting the old plant, which removes organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus at a high level. According to 6 months operation data, BOD and SS removal were about 99.9% and CODMn, TN and TP removal were 92.0%, 98.3% and 82.7%, respectively. It is considered that the temperature at the bioreactor has to be controlled to be below 40 °C so as to ensure sufficient nitrification. It appeared that the MBR system is competitive with other conventional technologies for treatment of livestock wastewater such as piggery waste.

The sharon process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hellinga ◽  
A. A. J. C. Schellen ◽  
J. W. Mulder ◽  
M. C. M. van Loosdrecht ◽  
J. J. Heijnen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Sharon Process

A new biological process for ammonia removal from flows containing hundreds to thousands milligrams NH+4 per litre has been developed at the Delft University of Technology. The SHARON process operates at a high temperature (30–40 °C) and pH (7–8). The process is performed without sludge retention. This enables the prevention of nitrite oxidation, leading to lower operational costs. Denitrification is used to control the pH. A full scale plant was designed (1500 m3) based on kinetic and stoichiometric parameters determined at 1.5 1. scale and model predictions. Total costs are estimated at about $1.7 per kg removed NH4+-N. The first full scale SHARON plant will be operational at the Dokhaven waste water treatment plant in Rotterdam in the beginning of 1998. This contribution focuses on the principles of the process and evaluates conditions for which application seems feasible.

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