In-line river monitoring – new challenges and opportunities

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pressl ◽  
S. Winkler ◽  
G. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Receiving Water

Water management becomes a complex issue when considering the large number of water-rights-of-use like drinking water production, recreation, receiving water, transport on and ecological quality of the water bodies. Recent changes in the legal requirements concerning water management on European scale (EC Water Framework Directive, 2000/60/EC) highlighted the need for appropriate means for monitoring water quality and exchange of water quality data. Indirect measurement of water quality using surrogate parameters (chemical and physical-chemical parameters) can be automated at a high accuracy level. This was shown over the past years by national and international research projects. In 2001 such a research project has started in Austria focusing on the installation and operation of a pilot water quality network, which is suitable for application at several points of interest of water management, i.e. sewer networks, wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies. The paper describes the operational problems and experiences of collecting data over a period of one year in the Danube River downstream of Vienna. The sensors are installed in situ, directly in the river, without any bypass system. The first evaluation of the measurements shows that the values are reliable and therefore applicable to further interpretations.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

scholarly journals Network-Based Topological Exploration of the Impact of Pollution Sources on Surface Water Bodies

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Sebestyén ◽  
Tímea Czvetkó ◽  
János Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Critical Surface ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
The Impact

We developed a digital water management toolkit to evaluate the importance of the connections between water bodies and the impacts caused by pollution sources. By representing water bodies in a topological network, the relationship between point loads and basic water quality parameters is examined as a labelled network. The labels are defined based on the classification of the water bodies and pollution sources. The analysis of the topology of the network can provide information on how the possible paths of the surface water network influence the water quality. The extracted information can be used to develop a monitoring- and evidence-based decision support system. The methodological development is presented through the analysis of the physical-chemical parameters of all surface water bodies in Hungary, using the emissions of industrial plants and wastewater treatment plants. Changes in water quality are comprehensively assessed based on the water quality data recorded over the past 10 years. The results illustrate that the developed method can identify critical surface water bodies where the impact of local pollution sources is more significant. One hundred six critical water bodies have been identified, where special attention should be given to water quality improvement.

Urban water quality modelling: a parsimonious holistic approach for a complex real case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
Giorgio Mannina ◽  
Gaspare Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Urban Catchments

In the past three decades, scientific research has focused on the preservation of water resources, and in particular, on the polluting impact of urban areas on natural water bodies. One approach to this research has involved the development of tools to describe the phenomena that take place on the urban catchment during both wet and dry periods. Research has demonstrated the importance of the integrated analysis of all the transformation phases that characterise the delivery and treatment of urban water pollutants from source to outfall. With this aim, numerous integrated urban drainage models have been developed to analyse the fate of pollution from urban catchments to the final receiving waters, simulating several physical and chemical processes. Such modelling approaches require calibration, and for this reason, researchers have tried to address two opposing needs: the need for reliable representation of complex systems, and the need to employ parsimonious approaches to cope with the usually insufficient, especially for urban sources, water quality data. The present paper discusses the application of a bespoke model to a complex integrated catchment: the Nocella basin (Italy). This system is characterised by two main urban areas served by two wastewater treatment plants, and has a small river as the receiving water body. The paper describes the monitoring approach that was used for model calibration, presents some interesting considerations about the monitoring needs for integrated modelling applications, and provides initial results useful for identifying the most relevant polluting sources.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Water Quality Measurements on the Danube River

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Zoltan Horvat ◽  
Mirjana Horvat ◽  
Kristian Pastor ◽  
Vojislava Bursić ◽  
Nikola Puvača
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Danube River

This study investigates the potential of using principal component analysis and other multivariate analysis techniques to evaluate water quality data gathered from natural watercourses. With this goal in mind, a comprehensive water quality data set was used for the analysis, gathered on a reach of the Danube River in 2011. The considered measurements included physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The data were collected within seven data ranges (cross-sections) of the Danube River. Each cross-section had five verticals, each of which had five sampling points distributed over the water column. The gathered water quality data was then subjected to several multivariate analysis techniques. However, the most attention was attributed to the principal component analysis since it can provide an insight into possible grouping tendencies within verticals, cross-sections, or the entire considered reach. It has been concluded that there is no stratification in any of the analyzed water columns. However, there was an unambiguous clustering of sampling points with respect to their cross-sections. Even though one can attribute these phenomena to the unsteady flow in rivers, additional considerations suggest that the position of a cross-section can have a significant impact on the measured water quality parameters. Furthermore, the presented results indicate that these measurements, combined with several multivariate analysis methods, especially the principal component analysis, may be a promising approach for investigating the water quality tendencies of alluvial rivers.

Identification of nitrate sources, hot spots, and dilution in the Danube River Basin using a multitracer approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Halder ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
Cedric Douence ◽  
Christian Resch ◽  
Roman Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Danube River Basin

<p>The Danube is Europe`s second longest river, stretching from Germany to the Black Sea. Water quality in the Danube River Basin is regularly monitored by the national authorities of all riparian countries and in addition for specific water quality data during the Joint Danube Surveys (JSD), which is organised by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River every 6 years.</p><p>This study presents the results of water stable isotopes and stable isotopes (<sup>15</sup>N and <sup>18</sup>O) of nitrate as well as major ion analysis from 3 JDS (2001, 2007, 2019). Results indicate that water stable isotopes allow to trace differences in the amount of snowmelt contribution to the Danube and hence the dilution effects of pollutants e.g. nitrate. The oxygen and nitrogen isotope compositions of nitrate are clearly indicating that nitrate in the Danube main stream mainly derives from waste water effluents, which input is increasing along the stream. This can furthermore be confirmed by results of micropollutant studies that demonstrate an increase of widely consumed pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac and caffeine) at different sections of the Danube River affected by tributary inflows and discharge from urban settlements.</p><p>In summary, this study is an example of combining isotope techniques, hydrological methods but also emerging compounds in order to approach the fate of anthropogenically derived nitrate within the Danube Basin. The results of this study aim to support the 2021 update of the Danube River Basin Management Plan as well as water monitoring practices across the Danube countries.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of E. coli Attenuation during Infiltration of Treated Wastewater: A Pathway to Future Managed Aquifer Recharge

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Mike Donn ◽  
Debbie Reed ◽  
Joanne Vanderzalm ◽  
Declan Page
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality

Treated wastewater (TWW) infiltration into non-potable aquifers has been used for decades in Western Australia for disposal and reuse. These wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are mostly pond systems, infiltrating secondary TWW with some activated sludge. There is no disinfection of TWW pre-infiltration. This study gave an opportunity to study the fate of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in aquifers, using compliance monitoring data (2006–2016) and is relevant if water reuse is to be implemented at these sites in the future. Microbiological water quality data (E. coli) were evaluated using an advanced statistical method able to incorporate the highly censored data at full scale operational infiltration sites. Subsurface E. coli removal from TWW was observed at all 17 infiltration sites investigated. Most sites (14) had less than six detections of E. coli in groundwater (58–100% non-detects; 7–117 samples/bore), thus the statistical method could not be applied. The observations could be used to infer between 1 to >3 log10 removal for E. coli. The remaining three sites had sufficient detections for probabilistic modelling analysis, the median removal efficiency for E. coli was quantified as 96% to greater than 99%, confirming at least 1 log10 removal with potential for several log10 removal. Reductions could not be explained through dilution with the native groundwater alone as there was a high proportion of TWW in observation bores. The observed reductions are likely the result of bacteria retention and inactivation in the aquifer. The magnitude of microbiological water quality improvement highlights the sustainable and reliable use of the aquifer to improve water quality to levels appropriate for low- and medium-risk non-potable uses without using engineered disinfection methods.

scholarly journals Integration of sensors for dam water quality analysis – a prototype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Rose ◽  
X. Anitha Mary ◽  
C. Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Quality Data

Abstract Water consumed is stored in several water bodies in and around us, out of which dams accommodate a major portion of water. The quantity and quality monitoring of water in Dams is troublesome due to its large surface area and high depths. Though groundwater resources are the primary water source in India, Dams plays a vital role in water distribution and storage network. Central Water Commission in India has identified more than 5,000 dams of which a major portion is persistently consumed by the rural and urban population for drinking and irrigation. The water quality of these reservoirs is of serious concern as it would not only affect the socio-economic status of the nation but the aquatic systems as well. Water quality control and management are vital for delivering clean water supply to the common society. Because of their size, collecting, assessing, and managing a vast volume of water quality data is critical. Water quality data is primarily obtained through manual field sampling; however, real-time sensor monitoring is increasingly being used for more efficient data collection. The literature depicts that the methodsinvolving remote sensing and image processing of water quality analysis consume time, require sample collection at various depths, analysis of collected samples, and manual interpretations. The objective of this study is to propose a novel cost-effective method to monitor water quality devoid of considerable human intervention. The sensor-based online monitoring aids in assessing the sample with limited technology, at various depths of water in the dam to analyze turbidity which gives the major indication of pure water. The quality analysis of the dam water is worthy if the water is assessed at the distribution end before consumption. Hence, to enhance the water management system, other quality parameters like pH, conductivity, temperature are sensed and monitored in the distribution pipeline. The unstable pH can alter the chemical and microbiological aspects of water resulting in a variation of other water quality parameters Temperature variations affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water bodies which results in unstable quality parameters. The change in dissolved solvents and the ionic concentration alters the electrical conductivity of the water and the increased concentration of salts also results in turbidity. The data from all the sensors are processed by the microcontroller, transmitted, and displayed in a mobile application comprehensible to the layman.

scholarly journals Evaluation of significantly modified water bodies in Vojvodina by using multivariate statistical techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-833
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vujovic ◽  
Srdjan Kolakovic ◽  
Milena Becelic-Tomin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Cluster Properties

This paper illustrates the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of water quality data sets and identification of pollution sources/factors with a view to get better information about the water quality and design of monitoring network for effective management of water resources. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as factor analysis (FA)/principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), were applied for the evaluation of variations and for the interpretation of a water quality data set of the natural water bodies obtained during 2010 year of monitoring of 13 parameters at 33 different sites. FA/PCA attempts to explain the correlations between the observations in terms of the underlying factors, which are not directly observable. Factor analysis is applied to physico-chemical parameters of natural water bodies with the aim classification and data summation as well as segmentation of heterogeneous data sets into smaller homogeneous subsets. Factor loadings were categorized as strong and moderate corresponding to the absolute loading values of >0.75, 0.75-0.50, respectively. Four principal factors were obtained with Eigenvalues >1 summing more than 78 % of the total variance in the water data sets, which is adequate to give good prior information regarding data structure. Each factor that is significantly related to specific variables represents a different dimension of water quality. The first factor F1 accounting for 28 % of the total variance and represents the hydrochemical dimension of water quality. The second factor F2 accounting for 18% of the total variance and may be taken factor of water eutrophication. The third factor F3 accounting 17 % of the total variance and represents the influence of point sources of pollution on water quality. The fourth factor F4 accounting 13 % of the total variance and may be taken as an ecological dimension of water quality. Cluster analysis (CA) is an objective technique to identify natural groupings in the set of data. CA divides a large number of objects into smaller number of homogenous groups on the basis of their correlation structure. CA combines the data objects together to form the natural groups involving objects with similar cluster properties and separates the objects with different cluster properties. CA showed similarities and dissimilarities among the sampling sites and explain the observed clustering in terms of affected conditions. Using FA/PCA and CA have been identified water bodies that are under the highest pressure. With regard to the factors identified water bodies are: for factor F1 (Plazovic, Bosut, Studva, Zlatica, Stari Begej, Krivaja), for factor F2 (Krivaja, Keres), for factor F3 (Studva, Zlatica, Tamis, Krivaja i Keres) and for factor F4 (Studva, Zlatica, Krivaja, Keres).

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