Statistical analysis of pollution in stormwater infiltration basins

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barraud ◽  
M. Dechesne ◽  
J.-P. Bardin ◽  
J.-C. Varnier
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons

In order to characterize soil pollution in stormwater infiltration basins, four basins of the Lyon area were selected and sampled. Altogether, 66 soil samples were collected. Each sample was analyzed for pH, cationic exchange capacity, particle size distribution, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, metals, total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Data was explored in a classic way (soil profiles) and using multivariate analysis techniques. Two methods were applied: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Main results are presented in this paper. Pollutant concentrations decrease rapidly with depth while pH and grain size increase. Sustainable concentrations are reached at a 50-cm depth, even after 21 years of operation. Multivariate analysis shows how pollution affects each sampling depth.

scholarly journals Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

Assessment of Different Date Palm Based Mixes for Soilless Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Majid Basirat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Davoudi
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Holding

Date palm leaves are huge wastes in the growing regions which are mostly burnt annually. One of the solutions is converting leaves to substrate and using in soilless culture. In this study, 24 different mixes were produced by adding zeolite and vermicompost to the composted date palm substrate. The mixtures were incubated for 2 weeks in 35-40%(w/w) moisture. Their physicochemical properties were measured. To study the mixes, two multivariate methods were applied; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the factors that affect mixture properties to a large extent and Cluster Analysis (CLA). The clustering was processed based on the factors recognized by the PCA. The CLA was done in several stages and in each stage the furthest mixture from cocopeat was deleted. Date palm substrate was processed by leaf waste composting. Using the CLA, on the basis of the PCA analysis, the most superior mixture was defined as date palm substrate (90%), vermicompost(5%) and zeolite (5%) respectively (P90 V5 Z5 ) with indexes in cation exchange capacity, particle density, total porosity, bulk density, water holding capacity and electrical conductivity in the same cluster as cocopeat.

scholarly journals Analysis of Credit Ratings for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Evidence from Asia

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Yoshino ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Domestic Economies

In Asia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for the major share of employment and dominate domestic economies, yet providing these companies with access to finance is a challenge across the region. Asian economies are often characterized as having bank-dominated financial systems and underdeveloped capital markets, in particular with regard to venture capital. As a result, banks are the main source of financing for SMEs. It is crucial for banks to be able to distinguish healthy from risky companies. If they can do this, lending and financing SMEs through banks will be easier. In this paper, we explain the importance of SMEs in Asia. Then, we provide a scheme for assigning credit ratings to SMEs by employing two statistical analysis techniques—principal component analysis and cluster analysis—applying 11 financial ratios of 1,363 SMEs in Asia. If used by the financial institutions, this comprehensive and efficient method could enable banks and other lending agencies around the world, and especially in Asia, to group SME customers based on financial health and adjust interest rates on loans and set lending ceilings for each group.

scholarly journals Urbanização extensiva e o processo de interiorização do estado de São Paulo: um enfoque contemporâneo

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Admir Antonio Betarelli Junior ◽  
Roberto Luís De Melo Monte-Mór ◽  
Rodrigo Ferreira Simões
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Contemporary Approach

O propósito deste trabalho é discutir a formação, produção e organização do espaço urbano no estado de São Paulo a partir do processo de interiorização da indústria paulista no final dos anos 1970. O lócus da análise é a indústria, uma vez que no enfoque contemporâneo o processo de industrialização sempre esteve articulado com a produção da espacialidade urbana. Conciliando o método diferencial-estrutural (shift-share), a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e a análise de cluster, foi possível evidenciar que tal processo teve como resultado o fenômeno de urbanização extensiva. Os resultados “fotográficos” apontam que houve uma extensão virtual das condições gerais do tecido urbano-industrial de forma que centralidades polarizadoras e regiões circunvizinhas apresentam vantagens locacionais e competitivas, formando, assim, aglomerações urbanas no território paulista, principalmente, nas regiões beneficiadas pelo processo de interiorização da indústria. Palavras-chave: urbanização extensiva; análise multivariada; análise de cluster; método diferencial-estrutural; indústria; São Paulo. Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to discuss the formation, organization and production of urban areas in State of São Paulo (Brazil) in the variant of the process of industry’s internalization in the late ‘70s. As industrialization has always been linked to the production of urban spatiality in contemporary approach, the locus of analysis is the industry. Combining the method shift-share (Esteban-Marquillas), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, we noted evidence that this process has resulted in the phenomenon of extensive urbanization. The main findings of these applications (“photographic”) indicated that there was a virtual extension in general conditions of the urban-industrial fabric so that polarizing centralities and surrounding regions present locational and competitive advantages, forming, therefore, urban agglomerations in the territory of São Paulo, mainly in the regions benefiting with the process of industry’s internalization. Keywords: extensive urbanization; internalization of the industry; shift-share; multivariate analysis; São Paulo (Brazil).

Global approaches to quantitative analysis of gene-expression patterns observed by use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2031-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
N L Anderson ◽  
J P Hofmann ◽  
A Gemmell ◽  
J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Abstract A major difficulty in the use of two-dimensional protein maps to identify and classify cell types is the problem of acquiring, selecting, and analyzing quantitative data on hundreds of protein spots. Here we use methods of multivariate statistics to analyze the differences among a panel of human cell lines, in some cases involving quantitative data on more than 250 proteins. Principal-component and cluster-analysis techniques show that the lines can be easily distinguished, even by using the subset of proteins present in all cells. A preliminary analysis of the protein changes brought about by phorbol ester-induced differentiation of the line U937 is included.

Morphological characterization and genetic diversity studies of promising brinjal genotypes for hybridization program in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Abul Hasnat Muhammad Solaiman ◽  
Takashi Nishizawa ◽  
Mahmuda Khatun ◽  
Shahabuddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Number Of Branches

In this Morphological variation of thirty-five brinjal genotypes was investigated in order to screen efficient genotypes for a hybridization program in Bangladesh. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than that for the genotypic. The PCV estimates were high for the number of branches, number of fruits per plant, and single fruit weight. Heritability estimates were high for the single fruit weight with high genetic advance. In spite of high heritability values for most traits, the expected genetic advance as a percentage of the mean ranged from 19.92 to 121.51. Multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinate analysis, cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis. With PCA, multivariate analysis of Mahalanobis's distance (D2), and cluster analysis, the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The longest inter-cluster distance was between clusters II and III, and the shortest was between clusters V and VI. Cluster VI showed the longest intra-cluster distance but cluster II showed the shortest. Genotypes of cluster I were suitable for the number of branches per plant, cluster II for the fruit length, cluster III for the number of fruits per plant, and cluster IV for the single fruit weight and yield. Considering the performances, genotypes SM-111, SM-84, EGN-27, SM-183, and BARI begun-6 are suitable parents for the hybridization program.

scholarly journals Chemometric Characterization of Synthetic Dye Sorption onto Slovakian River Sediments: A Laboratory Batch Experiment

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Anna Koprdová ◽  
Miroslava Bachratá ◽  
Vanda Adamcová ◽  
Martin Valica ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dye Sorption ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The aim of the work was to characterize the sorption of cationic dyes thioflavine T (ThT) and methylene blue (MB) onto selected Slovakian river sediments using chemometric approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Also, the potential of mentioned multivariate analyses for comparison of studied objects (river sediments or river and model waters) as well as in finding relationships between the variables describing the physico-chemical characteristics of studied matrices or waters and sorption/desorption characteristics of matrices for dyes binding under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Parameters describing the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments include: pH, pHzpc, or cation-exchange capacity; and in the case of waters: pH, conductivity, water hardness, content of dissolved solids or presence of organic compounds. From the comparison of dye sorption onto sediments, it was found that sorption of thiazine dye MB was minimally 1.5-times higher than sorption of benzothiazole dye ThT. Sorption capacities Qs reached the maximum values in the case of sediments originated from Dudvah River (MB-Qs = 8.70 ± 0.42 mg g−1; ThT-Qs = 5.03 ± 0.28 mg g−1; ±SD). Obtained results showed that applied methods of multivariate analyses represent a suitable tool for evaluation of sorption/desorption processes of organic xenobiotics binding in sediments.

ADVANCED CHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING FOR OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENTS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Boehm ◽  
Gregory S. Douglas ◽  
John S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

ABSTRACT For petroleum fingerprinting in support of natural resource damage assessments (NRDA) and other regulatory and litigation-driven scientific studies, the state of the art now focuses on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and saturated biomarker analyses, coupled with ratio and/or principal component analysis techniques, for advanced chemical fingerprinting (ACF) and allocation of petroleum mixtures to multiple sources. This strategy is being applied to oil spills, in-ground petroleum releases, and coal tar-petroleum source differentiation scenarios. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) draft injury guidance on NRDA recommends the application of ACF to oil spill assessments under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.

FERTILITY GROUPING OF MONTREAL LOWLANDS SOIL MAPPING UNITS BASED ON SELECTED SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLOW LAYER

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. NOLIN ◽  
C. WANG ◽  
M. J. CAILLIER
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mapping Units

Ten soil properties, including texture, pH, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations and organic carbon, were determined from the Ap horizons of 91 map units of two Montreal Lowlands counties. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to classify the soils into fertility groups. Nine fertility groups were derived from cluster analysis. Principal component analysis yielded two components which accounted for more that 75% of the variance. These principal components were related to soil texture and fertilizer management factors. They confirmed the grouping obtained by cluster analysis. Multiple discriminant analysis distinguished these fertility groups and allocated new soil mapping units to one of them using discriminant functions. Clay content, pH, exchangeable Ca and available P were selected as the more potent and significant variables in descriminating groups. This work demonstrated that multivariate analysis has considerable promise in deriving meaningful interpretive grouping from selected soil parameters. Key words: Fertility, interpretive grouping, soil quality, multivariate analysis

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