Assessment of Different Date Palm Based Mixes for Soilless Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Majid Basirat ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Davoudi
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Soilless Culture ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Holding

Date palm leaves are huge wastes in the growing regions which are mostly burnt annually. One of the solutions is converting leaves to substrate and using in soilless culture. In this study, 24 different mixes were produced by adding zeolite and vermicompost to the composted date palm substrate. The mixtures were incubated for 2 weeks in 35-40%(w/w) moisture. Their physicochemical properties were measured. To study the mixes, two multivariate methods were applied; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the factors that affect mixture properties to a large extent and Cluster Analysis (CLA). The clustering was processed based on the factors recognized by the PCA. The CLA was done in several stages and in each stage the furthest mixture from cocopeat was deleted. Date palm substrate was processed by leaf waste composting. Using the CLA, on the basis of the PCA analysis, the most superior mixture was defined as date palm substrate (90%), vermicompost(5%) and zeolite (5%) respectively (P90 V5 Z5 ) with indexes in cation exchange capacity, particle density, total porosity, bulk density, water holding capacity and electrical conductivity in the same cluster as cocopeat.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis applied to evaluation of Eucalyptus clones for bioenergy production

CERNE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Motta Couto ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Thiago Andrade Neves ◽  
Vânia Aparecida de Sá
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Total Extractives

This research aimed to select Eucalyptus clones for bioenergy production by using of two multivariate techniques, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The analysis evaluated 25 clones of Eucalyptus at age 54 months. Determinations included the concentrations of elemental components (C, H and O), lignin, total extractives and ash, as well as basic density, higher heating value and energy density. Both multivariate methods being used to evaluate and select clones of Eucalyptus for bioenergy production proved effective, there being similarities between the biomass groups formed by them. The cluster analysis revealed five distinct groupings, out of which cluster one, formed by clone U060, was found to have greater potential as a source of energy. Clones G084, G122, G023 and U108 had poorer energy performance.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of soils on different Geomorphic Units of North-Eastern Haryana, India

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammad Amin Bhat ◽  
K.S. Grewal ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Geomorphic Units ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Twelve pedons occurring on different landforms of North-Eastern Haryana were characterized for morphological, physical and chemical characteristics and classified. The soil colour of pedons varied from yellowish brown to reddish/ dark brown in the hues of 10YR, 5YR and 2.5YR. The soils of Shiwalik hills, upper piedmont plains and flood plains, lower piedmont plains and old alluvial plains were medium to moderately heavy in texture, relatively lighter and light to moderately heavy in texture, respectively. The soils have weak to medium subangular blocky structure. The sub surface horizons in old alluvial plains showed the translocation and accumulation of clay. The soils of the area were moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline (pH 7.5-9.4). The organic carbon was less than 1 per cent except surface horizons of forest areas. The water retention characteristics of soils were strongly associated to texture with the finer soil showing higher retention and vice-versa. The particle density, bulk density and total porosity varied from 2.20 to 2.84, 1.16 to 1.45 Mg m−3 and 40.43 to 56.78 per cent, respectively and did not show regular pattern down the profile. The cation exchange capacity varied from 5.21 to 17.00 cmol (p+) kg−1.

Statistical analysis of pollution in stormwater infiltration basins

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barraud ◽  
M. Dechesne ◽  
J.-P. Bardin ◽  
J.-C. Varnier
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Stormwater Infiltration ◽  
Total Hydrocarbons

In order to characterize soil pollution in stormwater infiltration basins, four basins of the Lyon area were selected and sampled. Altogether, 66 soil samples were collected. Each sample was analyzed for pH, cationic exchange capacity, particle size distribution, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, metals, total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Data was explored in a classic way (soil profiles) and using multivariate analysis techniques. Two methods were applied: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA). Main results are presented in this paper. Pollutant concentrations decrease rapidly with depth while pH and grain size increase. Sustainable concentrations are reached at a 50-cm depth, even after 21 years of operation. Multivariate analysis shows how pollution affects each sampling depth.

scholarly journals Chemometric Characterization of Synthetic Dye Sorption onto Slovakian River Sediments: A Laboratory Batch Experiment

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Anna Koprdová ◽  
Miroslava Bachratá ◽  
Vanda Adamcová ◽  
Martin Valica ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dye Sorption ◽  
Conductivity Water ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The aim of the work was to characterize the sorption of cationic dyes thioflavine T (ThT) and methylene blue (MB) onto selected Slovakian river sediments using chemometric approaches including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Also, the potential of mentioned multivariate analyses for comparison of studied objects (river sediments or river and model waters) as well as in finding relationships between the variables describing the physico-chemical characteristics of studied matrices or waters and sorption/desorption characteristics of matrices for dyes binding under laboratory conditions was evaluated. Parameters describing the physico-chemical characteristics of sediments include: pH, pHzpc, or cation-exchange capacity; and in the case of waters: pH, conductivity, water hardness, content of dissolved solids or presence of organic compounds. From the comparison of dye sorption onto sediments, it was found that sorption of thiazine dye MB was minimally 1.5-times higher than sorption of benzothiazole dye ThT. Sorption capacities Qs reached the maximum values in the case of sediments originated from Dudvah River (MB-Qs = 8.70 ± 0.42 mg g−1; ThT-Qs = 5.03 ± 0.28 mg g−1; ±SD). Obtained results showed that applied methods of multivariate analyses represent a suitable tool for evaluation of sorption/desorption processes of organic xenobiotics binding in sediments.

scholarly journals Effect of Cassava Whey on the Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Distribution in Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Segun Michael Abegunde ◽  
Simeon Ajibade Akinyele ◽  
Isaac Olatunde Awonyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Water Holding

The processes involved in the conversion of cassava tuber into various products generate large volumes of wastes in solid, liquid and gaseous forms. These wastes when discharged into the environment have serious environmental impacts on the natural composition and structure of soil. The aim of this research work was to investigate the effects of cassava whey on the physicochemical properties and metal contents of soil samples around Gari facrory at Erinfun Village along Federal Polytechnic road, Ado-Ekiti. The physicochemical parameters determined were the pH, moisture content, loss on ignition, organic matter, water holding capacity, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and cyanide (CN). Heavy metals determined were lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe). The presence of cassava whey in the soil led to increasing soil acidity, moisture content, water holding capacity, CN, Cr, Ni, Pb and As concentrations while reductions were observed in total porosity, organic matter, loss on ignition, particle density, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations. The results show appreciable variations of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contents when compared to the control sample.

scholarly journals Effect of Vermicompost Application on Soil and Growth of the Plant Sesamum indicum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanth Pandiyan C ◽  
Balaji K ◽  
Sujatha Saravanan ◽  
Shylaja Gunasekaran ◽  
Gokul Raghavendra Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Holding

This paper aims in studying the effect of vermicompost on soil and growth of the plant Sesamum indicum L. by measuring the its various growth and yield components. For this purpose, a mixture of textile mill sludge, cow dung and saw dust have been mixed in different ratios to produce vermicompost by using the earthworm Perionyx excavates and was compared with inorganic (NPK) and organic fertilizer (FYM). The results of soil quality revealed that the porosity, water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and occurrence of macronutrients were significantly increased and the particle density were decreased in treatment with 100% vermicompost (VC) followed by soil treated with 50% VC + 50% NPK, on contrary, reduction in porosity, WHC, CEC were noted in NPK treated plots. The effect of vermicompost on plant growth components (root, shoot, leaf area index, branch, DMP) and yield components (pod number, weight, length, seed weight, number of seed, seed yield) were significantly higher in the plots treated with 50% VC + 50% NPK followed by 100% vermicompost than the plots treated only with FYM and NPK. The significant growth upon using vermicompost was accounted by its nutrients composition over other fertilizers.

scholarly journals 258 Organic Media Alternatives to Peat for Container-grown Tropical Perennial Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 435E-436
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Peat Mining ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Water Holding

Peat is used extensively in the nursery industry as a primary component in commercial “soilless” potting media. The increased use of peat as an organic amendment with superior water-holding capacity is challenged by economic and environmental pressures. Developing inexpensive and nutrient-rich organic media alternatives can potentially reduce fertilization rates, irrigation rates, and ultimately, nursery costs. In addition, controversy over the effects of peat mining has inspired a national search for peat substitutes. With our burgeoning population, it is logical to screen waste products as potential alternatives to peat. Growth of Pachystachys lutea Nees. (Golden Shrimp Plant) transplants was evaluated in media containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% compost derived from biosolids and yard trimmings. Compost was amended with a commercial peat- or coir-based media. As compost composition in the peat or coir-based media increased from 0% to 100%, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios decreased, and media stability, N mobilization, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) increased. Bulk density, particle density, air-filled porosity, container capacity, and total porosity increased as more compost was added to either peat- or coir-based media. Plants grown in media with high volumes of compost (75 or 100%) had reduced leaf area and reduced shoot and root DW than the controls (no compost). Regardless of percentage of compost composition in either peat or coir-based media, all plants were considered marketable after 8 weeks.

scholarly journals Land-Use Changes the Chemical and Physical Properties of an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Raphael Xavier Costa ◽  
Joaquim José Frazão ◽  
Roriz Luciano Machado ◽  
Débora Regina Marques Pereira ◽  
Leonardo Mariano do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Water Ph

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different land-uses on physical and chemical properties of Oxisols under cerrado conditions in central region of Goiás, Brazil. The data were analysed in a randomized experimental design in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement with five replications. The land-uses were: 1-Annual crops, 2-Pasture, 3-Sugarcane and 4-Native forest (control). The second factor consisted of three sampling depths: 0-0.05, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The physical attributes analysed were: total clay (TC), natural clay (NC), bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), total porosity (TP), degree of flocculation (DF), soil resistance to penetration (SRP), gravimetric water content (%GWC). Chemicals attributes analized: pH in water (pH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), potential acidity (H+Al), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (T) and base saturation (V%). Annual crops showed higher K levels (0-0.3 m) and lower SOM values (0-0.3 m), Ca and Mg (0-0.05 m) affecting T in relation to the forest. The use sugarcane showed higher values of BD, PD and SRP, and smaller values of TP, SOM, P and T. On the other hand, the values of Ca and Mg are kept close to those of the control. The attribute V% is preserved for annual crops, sugarcane and pasture with values higher than those verified in native forest. The use pasture reduced TP and P and Ca, Mg and T. The land-uses studied reduced soil quality compared to the forest, in descending order were sugarcane > annual crops > pasture.

scholarly journals Water holding capacity of substrates containing zeolite and its effect on growth, biomass production and chlorophyll content of Solanum lycopersicum Mill

Nova Scientia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 45-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulmaro Méndez Argüello ◽  
Ileana Vera Reyes ◽  
Antonio Cárdenas Flores ◽  
Gladys De los Santos Villarreal ◽  
Luis Ibarra Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Water Holding

Zeolite-clinoptilolite is a hydrated aluminosilicate, which belongs to a group of minerals of volcanic origin and possesses interesting agricultural properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zeolite-clinoptilolite on Solanum lycopersicum Mill. seedling growth, when supplied to substrate in pot culture. An assay was set to test and compare the physical properties of three substrates: peat moss (pm), perlite (per) and zeolite (zeo), and their mixtures (pm:per:zeo) at different proportions: T1 or control = 100:0:0; T2 = 70:30:0; T3 = 70:20:10; T4 = 70:10:20 and T5 = 70:0:30 (v/v). Compared to control plants, substrates containing 30% zeolite increased their water holding capacity (260%), total porosity (8.47%), bulk density (212%) and particle density (230%). Related to control plants grown with 100% peat moss, tomato seedlings cultured in a substrate mixture with 30% zeolite significantly improved shoot length (24.2%), leaf area (64.5%), root length (63.2%), shoot dry weight (62.5%), root dry biomass (208.9%), stem diameter (28.5%) and leaves number (92%), however, the chlorophyll index had no significant effects. The overall outcomes indicated that substrates amendment with zeolite could effectively improve tomato plants growth.

The Utilization of Ftir (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) Method Combined with Chemometrics For Authentication of Indonesian Coffee Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firmansyah A. ◽  
Winingsih W. ◽  
Soebara Y S
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Analysis of natural product remain challenging issues for analytical chemist, since natural products are complicated system of mixture. The most popular methods of choice used for quality control of raw material and finished product are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The utilization of FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance) method in natural product analysis is still limited. This study attempts to expand the use of FTIR spectroscopy in authenticating Indonesian coffee powder.The coffee samples studied were taken from nine regions in Indonesia, namely Aceh Gayo, Flores, Kintamani, Mandheling, Papua, Sidikalang, Toraja, Kerinci and Lampung.The samples in the form of coffee bean from various regions were powdered . The next step conducted was to determine the spectrum using the FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) using ZnSe crystal of 8000 resolution. Spectrum samples, then, were analyzed using chemometrics. The utilized chemometric model was the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Based on the chemometric analysis, there are similarities between Aceh Gayo coffee with Toraja coffee, Mandailing coffee, Kintamani coffee and Flores coffee. Sidikalang coffee has a similarity to Flores coffee; Papua coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee; Lampung coffee has a similarity to Sidikalang coffee, while Kerinci coffee has a similarity to Papua coffee.

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