A performance review of small German WSPs identifying improvement options

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barjenbruch ◽  
C. Erler
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Incomplete Mixing ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
A Performance

Natural methods such as lagoon plants are often a reasonable and economically interesting alternative to the technically intensified methods, particularly in rural areas with connection sizes up to a maximum of 5,000 PE. In the last 30 years, numerous analyses yielded information about the biological degradation in natural wastewater treatment plants, on the basis of which respective directives were created. Lately, there are reports that in rural areas of Germany there are a large number of older, mostly unaerated wastewater ponds which cause problems with the observation of the effluent values. This report will give some reasons for non-efficient purification performance (unsuitable design of the ponds, incomplete mixing of aerated ponds, insufficient maintenance, sludge removal etc.). After presenting some operational results several methods of optimisation will be discussed (efficient sludge removal, optimisation of the flow behaviour, combination with a technical step, etc.). Some examples like re-construction into a SBR system are presented at the end.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Experience with the Relay Procedure for Tuning Controllers in Automatic Control of Chlorination

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
M. Truett Garrett ◽  
Zaki Ahmad ◽  
Shelly Young
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Relay Feedback ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Incomplete Mixing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chlorine Demand

The recent requirements by U.S.E.P.A. for dechlorination and biomonitoring have increased the importance of automatic control of effluent chlorination in wastewater treatment plants. Difficulties with the Ziegler-Nichols controller tuning procedure were reported at the Kyoto Workshop, 1990. Problems are caused by the noise of incomplete mixing, a long time constant, and the disturbances of changing flow and chlorine demand. The Astrom-Hagglund relay feedback procedure provides acceptable control while data is logged to determine the controller constants. Experiences in using the procedure in existing facilities (not redesigning the mixing point) and the quality of control are presented.

Innovative low cost procedure for nutrient removal as an integrated element of a decentralised water management concept for rural areas

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burde ◽  
F. Rolf ◽  
F. Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Soil Zone

The absence of large rivers with rather high niveau of self purifying effect in parts of east Germany leads to a discharging of the effluent of wastewater treatment plants into the groundwater in many cases. One useful consequence is the idea of realisation of decentralised measures and concepts in urban water resources management concerning municipal wastewater as well as rainfall, precipitation. At the same time, only the upper soil zone - a few decimetres - is water - saturated and thus discharge effective, even when extreme rainfall takes place. Underneath, however, there generally exists an unsaturated soil zone, which is up to now a rather unexplored retardation element of the hydrologic- and substrate-cycle. Nutrient removal in small wastewater treatment plants that are emptying into ground waters is often beneficial. The presented studies optimised an inexpensive method of subsequent enhanced wastewater treatment. The developed reactor is similar to a concentrated subsoil passage. The fixed bed reactor is divided in two sections to achieve aerobic and anoxic conditions for nitrification/denitrification processes. To enhance phosphorus removal, ferrous particles are put into the aerobic zone. Two series of column tests were carried out and a technical pilot plant was built to verify the efficiency of the process. The results show that this method can be implemented successfully.

scholarly journals A Mini-Review of Urban Wastewater Treatment in Greece: History, Development and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6133
Author(s):  
Charikleia Prochaska ◽  
Anastasios Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Although Greece has accomplished wastewater infrastructure construction to a large extent, as 91% of the country’s population is already connected to urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many problems still need to be faced. These include the limited reuse of treated wastewater and of the surplus sludge (biosolids) produced, the relative higher energy consumption in the existing rather aged WWTPs infrastructure, and the proper management of failing or inadequately designed septic tank/soil absorption systems, still in use in several (mostly rural) areas, lacking sewerage systems. Moreover, the wastewater treatment sector should be examined in the general framework of sustainable environmental development; therefore, Greece’s future challenges in this sector ought to be reconsidered. Thus, the review of Greece’s urban wastewater history, even from the ancient times, up to current developments and trends, will be shortly addressed. This study also notes that the remaining challenges should be analyzed in respect to the country’s specific needs (e.g., interaction with the extensive tourism sector), as well as to the European Union’s relevant framework policies and to the respective international technological trends, aiming to consider the WWTPs not only as sites for the treatment/removal of pollutants to prevent environmental pollution, but also as industrial places where energy is efficiently used (or even produced), resources’ content can be potentially recovered and reused (e.g., nutrients, treated water, biosolids), and environmental sustainability is being practiced overall.

scholarly journals Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a local approach, the state of supply of rural areas in a rural district with household wastewater management systems, with the focus on home wastewater treatment plants. The study covered the rural areas of the district of Olsztyn. The data, which were acquired from the Bank of Local Data, were processed through basic mathematical transformations and statistical measures. The structure and intensity indices were calculated per 1,000 residents. Large differences were found in the access to linear infrastructure and to individual systems of wastewater discharge. The results showed a constant increase in the number of home wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks due to the constant influx of people to villages lying around the town of Olsztyn. In contrast to studies conducted on a regional scale, no decrease in the number of septic tanks was observed correlated with the growing number of home wastewater treatment plants. A possible reason can be the specific environmental conditions and protection of inland waters, which limit possible locations of home wastewater treatment plants.

Small Wastewater Treatment Plants in Switzerland

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Markus Boller ◽  
Gieri Deplazes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Local Quality ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Receiving Water

In Switzerland, the installation of small treatment plants in rural areas is being and will be intensified. In order to remove the numerous small pollution sites, new guidelines have been established in which basic information is given on the procedure of how to consider local circumstances of wastewater characteristics and of how to integrate local quality requirements of the receiving water into the design of small plants. The statistics on small treatment plants show a preferential application for extended aeration, RBCs and trickling filters. Due to the lack of skilled operation and maintenance, the performance of small treatment plants is not always satisfactory. New economic, reliable and less service-demanding methods are increasingly studied and applied.

scholarly journals A Performance Measurement Tool Leading Wastewater Treatment Plants toward Economic Efficiency and Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Guerrini ◽  
Giulia Romano ◽  
Simone Ferretti ◽  
Donatella Fibbi ◽  
Daniele Daddi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
A Performance

New strategies for estimating kinetic parameters in anaerobic wastewater treatment plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Merkel ◽  
Alexander Schwarz ◽  
Sebastian Fritz ◽  
Matthias Reuss ◽  
Karlheinz Krauth
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Design Sensitivity ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reliable Parameter

Approaches to mathematical modelling of anaerobic digestion and criteria for reactor design in anaerobic wastewater treatment are based on biological degradation kinetics. Whatever type of kinetics is used, the crucial problem always is reliable parameter estimation. For Monod-type kinetics a concept based on batch and fed-batch techniques is presented, which allows accurate estimation of kinetic parameters Vmax and KS in short-time experiments. Following the method of Optimal Experimental Design, sensitivity analysis is applied to design fed-batch experiments. The paper presents the methodology and results for the anaerobic degradation of acetic acid and discusses further implications of the experimental strategy.

Anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with other organic wastes in small wastewater treatment plants: an economic considerations evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pavan ◽  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
E. Battistoni ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Green Certificates ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Economic Comparison

This paper deals with an economic comparison between costs and incomes in small wastewater treatment plants where the anaerobic co-digestion process of sludge and biowaste with energy recovery is operated. Plants in the size range 1,000–30,000 persons equivalent (pe) were considered in the study: typical costs, comprehensive of capital and operating costs, were in the range €69–105 per person per year depending on the plant size: the smaller the size the higher the specific cost. The incomes deriving from taxes and fees for wastewater treatment are generally in the range €36–54 per person per year and can only partially cover costs in small wastewater treatment plants. However, the co-treatment of biowaste and the use of produced energy for extra credits (green certificates) determine a clear improvement in the possible revenues from the plant. These were calculated to be €23–25 per person per year; as a consequence the costs and incomes can be considered comparable for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with size larger than 10,000 pe. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion of biowaste and sludge can also be considered a sustainable solution for small wastewater treatment plants in rural areas where several different kinds of biowaste are available to enhance biogas production in anaerobic reactors.

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