Microbial sulphate reduction during anaerobic digestion: EGSB process performance and potential for nitrite suppression of SRB activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O'Reilly ◽  
E. Colleran
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The present study investigated mesophilic anaerobic treatment of sulphate-containing wastewater in EGSB reactors and assessed the inclusion of nitrite in the reactor influent as a method for control of biological sulphate reduction. Two EGSB reactors, R1 and R2, were operated for a period of 581 days at varying volumetric loading rates, COD/SO42− ratios and influent nitrite concentrations (R2 only). COD removal efficiencies of >93% were achieved in both reactors at influent sulphate concentrations of up to 3,000 mg l−1. A two-fold increase in the influent sulphate concentration, giving an influent COD/SO42− ratio of 2, resulted in a reduction in reactor COD removal efficiency to 84% and 89%, in R1 and R2, respectively. Despite inclusion of nitrite in the R2 influent at concentrations up to 500 mg NO2-N l−1, sulphate reduction proceeded similarly in R2 and R1, suggesting the ineffectiveness of nitrite as a potential inhibitor of SRB activity.

Anaerobic filter and DSFF reactors in anaerobic treatment of tuna processing wastewater

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Veiga ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
J. M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

An anaerobic filter (AF) and a downflow stationary fixed film (DSFF) reactor were used for the treatment of a tuna processing wastewater. Start-up of the anaerobic reactors was improved using lactose as co-substrate. The AF removed up to 75% of the influent COD concentrations at organic loading rates (OLR) of 11-13 kg COD m−3 d−1, whereas the DSFF reactor removed 70% at 3 kg COD m−3 d−1. Based on these results it appears that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to tuna processing industry wastewaters and that the AF shows a much better performance, allowing higher organic loadings and COD removal efficiencies than the DSFF reactor.

scholarly journals Optimization of the COD Removal Efficiency for a Static Granular Bed Reactor Treating Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Rinquest ◽  
Moses Basitere ◽  
Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Mahomet Njoya
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Granular Bed ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Static Granular Bed Reactor

In this study, the efficiency of an anaerobic treatment system for wastewater from a South African poultry slaughterhouse was evaluated using a lab-scale static granular bed reactor (SGBR). The down-flow SGBR (2 L) was operated continuously for 138 days under mesophilic conditions (35-37 ˚C), at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 24 to 96 h and average organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.78 to 5.74 g COD/L.day. The SGBR achieved an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 80% and the maximum COD removal achieved was 95%, at an HRT of 24 h and average OLR of 5.74 g COD/L.day. The optimization of the SGBR, with regard to a suitable HRT and OLR, was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal SGBR performance with regard to the maximum COD removal efficiency was predicted for an OLR of 12.49 g COD/L.day and a HRT of 24 h, resulting in a 95.5% COD removal efficiency. The model R2 of 0.9638 indicated that the model is a good fit and is suitable to predict the COD removal efficiency for the SGBR.

Experiences with anaerobic treatment of fat-containing food waste liquids: two full scale studies with a novel anaerobic flotation reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. M. J. Frijters ◽  
T. Jorna ◽  
G. Hesselink ◽  
J. Kruit ◽  
D. van Schaick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Volumetric Loading

Fat-containing food waste can be effectively treated in a new type of reactor, the so-called BIOPAQ-Anaerobic Flotation Reactor or BIOPAQ® anaerobic flotation reactor (AFR). In the reactor a flotation unit is integrated to retain the sludge. In this study results from two plants with a 430 and 511 m3-AFR, respectively, are presented. In one reactor, which is fed with water originating from different food liquid streams, over 99% of fat and oils were removed. Over 90% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed. When the last solids were removed from the effluent with a tilted plate settler, 98% COD removal was attained. The effluent concentrations of extractable hydrolysed and non-hydrolysed fats were less than 40 mg/l. Apparently the variations in the liquid streams deriving from the tank cleaning activities did not disturb the system. Only extremely high concentrations of fats could disturb the system, but the inhibition was reversible. In the reactor treating water from an ice-cream factory, which contained fats up to approximately 50% of influent COD, a COD removal efficiency of 90% was achieved. At volumetric loading rates varying from 1 to 8 kg COD/m3/d, biogas was produced at an average specific gas production of 0.69 m3/kg COD–removed.

Development of a two-stage flexible fibre biofilm reactor for treatment of food processing wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.J. Yu ◽  
H. Xu ◽  
D. Yao ◽  
P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Food Processing Wastewater

Biofilm (or attached growth) reactors can be effectively used to treat organic wastewater from various industries such as food processing industry. They have a number of advantages including high organic loading rates (OLRs) and improved operational stability. A flexible fibre biofim reactor (FFBR) has been developed for efficient and cost effective treatment of food processing wastewater. In the process, simple flexible fibre packing with a very high specific surface area is used as support for microorganisms. The COD removal efficiencies for a range of OLRs have been studied. The FFBR can support an increasingly high OLR, but with a corresponding decrease in the COD removal efficiency. Therefore, a two-stage FFBR was developed to increase the treatment efficiency for systems with high OLRs. Experimental results indicated that a high overall COD removal efficiency could be achieved. At an influent COD of about 2700 mg/L and an OLR of 7.7 kgCOD/m3d, COD removal efficiencies of 76% and 82% were achieved in the first and the second stage of the reactor, respectively. The overall COD removal efficiency was 96%. Therefore, even for wastewater samples with high organic strength, high quality treated effluents could be readily achieved by the use of multiple stage FFBRs.

A Study of Anaerobic Treatment for Highly Concentrated SO42− + Ca2+-Rich Organic Wastewater and Purified Water Reclamation

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Zhou ◽  
Yanmin Chen ◽  
Xianlin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Fermentation Temperature

This paper reports the effects of anaerobic treatment for synthetic wastewater and SO2−+Ca2+- rich single-cell protein (SCP) wastewater in a factory. The results show that with the increase of SO2−4+Ca2+concentration, methane productivity will decrease, and that Ca2+ affects the COD removal in wastewater greatly. However, if certain compounds are added in, and acclimated, these disadvantages will be overcome satisfactorily. For SCP wastewater, the COD removal efficiency can reach 75% and methane productivity 260-320 1 CH4/kg COD under the conditions of fermentation temperature of 36±l°C and COD volume loading of 2.3-2.8 kg/m3d. Besides, the purified wastewater can basically be reclaimed.

COD removal efficiency and mechanism of HMBR in high volumetric loading for ship domestic sewage treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linan Zhu ◽  
Hailing He ◽  
Chunli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) has been applied in ship domestic sewage treatment under high volumetric loading for ship space saving. The mechanism and influence factors on the efficiency, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), dissolved oxygen (DO) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were investigated. The HMBR's average COD removal rate was up to 95.13% on volumetric loading of 2.4 kgCOD/(m3•d) and the COD concentration in the effluent was 48.5 mg/L, far below the International Maritime Organization (IMO) discharge standard of 125 mg/L. DO had a more remarkable effect on the COD removal efficiency than HRT. In addition, HMBR revealed an excellent capability of resisting organics loading impact. Within the range of volumetric loading of 0.72 to 4.8 kg COD/(m3•d), the effluent COD concentration satisfied the discharge requirement of IMO. It was found that the organics degradation in the aeration tank followed the first-order reaction, with obtained kinetic parameters of vmax (2.79 d−1) and Ks (395 mg/L). The original finding of this study had shown the effectiveness of HMBR in organic contaminant degradation at high substrate concentration, which can be used as guidance in the full scale of the design, operation and maintenance of ship domestic sewage treatment devices.

Dairy Waste Treatment with Anaerobic Stationary Fixed Film Reactors

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
L van den Berg ◽  
K J Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Dairy Wastes ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Cheese whey and a dilute waste from a cheese factory with a Chemical Oxygen Demand of 66,000 and 4,000 mg (COD)/L respectively, were treated at high loading rates in 0.7 to 1.2 L downflow anaerobic stationary fixed film reactors and an upflow sludge bed reactor. In downflow stationary fixed film reactors treating cheese whey, COD removal efficiencies of 97% were achieved at a loading rate of 5 kg COD/m3/day and 92% at a maximum loading rate of 22 kg COD/m3/day. With dairy plant waste, loading rates of up to 15 kg COD/m3/day were possible with COD removal efficiencies averaging 75%, decreasing slightly with increasing loading rates. In an upflow sludge bed reactor the COD removal efficiency of dairy plant waste, decreased from 87% at 5 kg COD/m3/day to 73% at 15 kg COD/m3/day. A stationary fixed film reactor treating a skim milk powder waste (4,000 ppm) could only be operated at up to 10 kg COD/m3/day with a treatment efficiency of 72%. Methane was produced from all wastes at rates corresponding to 0.32 m3 CH4 (0°C, 1 atm) per kg COD removed. Results show that stationary fixed film reactors are capable of treating dairy wastes at high loading rates and high COD removal efficiencies.

Anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate by sulfate reduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Henry ◽  
D. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Low Strength

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the sulphate-reduction pathway in the anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate. The effects of several COD/SO4 ratios (keeping COD constant) and loadings on anaerobic filter performance were studied and compared with the results from anaerobic filters which followed the methanogenic pathway. Results indicated that the treatability of leachate by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) was dependent upon the leachate strength. With high strength leachate (COD=15000 mg/L) from the Keele Valley Landfill, it was found that at lower COD/SO4 ratios (≤1.6) toxic conditions developed in the system that were more inhibitory to the SRB than to the methane producing bacteria (MPB). As the COD/SO4 ratio increased, methanogenesis predominated. No predominance of SRB occurred at any COD/SO4 ratio with high strength leachate. The highest COD removal achieved was about 70% of which 20% was accomplished by the SRB at a COD/SO4 ratio of 1.6 and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4 kg COD/m3.d. With low strength leachate (COD=1500-3300 mg/L) from the Brock West Landfill, and a COD/SO4 ratio <1, SRB became predominant. In these anaerobic filters in which SRB were predominant, the SRB reduced the COD as well as the MPB could. Sulphide inhibition did not take place at any loading in units treating low strength leachate. Consequently, both SRB and MPB should function at COD/SO4 ratios between 1 and 3. About 60% COD removal was achieved at a loading of 2.8 kg COD/m3.d and a COD/SO4 ratio of 1.0. However at a loading of 6 kg COD/m3.d only 27% COD removal was achieved, all of it through the sulphate-reduction pathway. These OLR values are comparable to those applied in systems where methanogenesis was dominant. It was also observed that once the methanogens were established in the units, it was not possible to displace them completely. However, where methanogenesis had not been previously established, it was found that sulphate-reduction could be the sole pathway for COD removal. From this study, it can be concluded that there is no advantage to the sulphate-reduction pathway in the anaerobic treatment of landfill leachate. The other options for increasing the loadings, i.e. the use of high surface/volume filter media (to achieve higher biomass concentrations) or high rate systems are likely to be more successful.

Two examples of anaerobic pre-treatment of wastewater in the beverage industry

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Austermann-Haun ◽  
Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Two examples of full scale UASB-reactors in a fruit juice factory and a brewery are given. In both cases, the design was based on semi-technical tests. Although the wastewater concentrations are rather similar and move within a low range, the parts of the anaerobic treatment plants and their design are different. In both cases, the COD removal efficiency in the UASB-reactors is consistently above 80%. It becomes apparent that UASB-reactors are very suitable for industries with seasonal load variations. The co-fermentation of a kieselguhre-sludge-mixture was tested in lab-scale experiments. It became obvious that the pellet structure of the biomass gets lost. Furthermore, it is shown that the running expenses of anaerobic pre-treatment are very low, even when combined with an aerobic stage.

Effects of aerobic and anaerobic digestion systems on pathogen and pathogen indicator reduction in municipal sludge

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Dahab ◽  
R.Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Solids Loading ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
The Us ◽  
Class B ◽  
Us Epa

In this study, the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment systems in reducing pathogenic density levels was evaluated under the US EPA municipal sludge rule (40 CFR Part 503 Rule). Wastewater and sludge samples were analyzed for both pathogens and pathogenic indicator organisms from six different existing wastewater treatment systems. The results indicate that Class B sludge requirements under the US 503 Rule are reasonable and can be achievable by the existing treatment systems while Class A sludge requirements under the same rule may not be easily achieved by the existing treatment systems. The effects of volatile solids loading rates on anaerobic digester performance were investigated. Under anaerobic digestion conditions, it appears that the log reductions in fecal coliform and fecal streptococcus appeared to be dependent on VSS loading rates. On the other hand, Salmonella sp. density reductions did not appear to be dependent on VSS loading rates.

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