Particle size distribution to design and operate an APT process for agricultural wastewater reuse

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chavez ◽  
C. Maya ◽  
B. Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Treatment Objective

Total suspended solids is a parameter commonly used to operate and design coagulation–flocculation processes. Nevertheless, their application for an advanced primary treatment (a high performance but low dose demand coagulation processes coupled with a high rate sedimentator, sometimes called enhanced primary treatment) is not the best option to produce an effluent for agricultural irrigation. This paper compares the best operating conditions obtained using the TSS or the PSD (particle size distribution) as parameters to follow the efficiency. The treatment objective was to remove particles >20 μm, in such conditions that the effluent can contain organic matter and nutrients necessary for crops with a reduced number of helminth ova (with sizes between 20 to 80 μm). Using the TSS as parameter, the best coagulation (460 s−1, 60 s contact time and 300 μmolAl/L) and flocculation (20 s−1 with 15 min) conditions produced an effluent with 1.2 HO/L. To obtain a similar results but using operating conditions determined with the PSD at a three times lower coagulant dose can be employed (diminishing operating costs and reducing the quantity of sludge produced), and a reduction on energy consumption of around eight times can be reached. Best operating conditions defined using the PSD (160 s−1, 60 s contact time and 100 μmolAl/L) produced an effluent with <0.4 HO/L.

Hierarchical Li-rich oxide microspheres assembled from {010} exposed primary grains for high-rate lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (20) ◽  
pp. 8486-8493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyue Zi ◽  
Yantao Zhang ◽  
Yangqian Meng ◽  
Ge Gao ◽  
Peiyu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Wide Particle Size Distribution

The wide particle size distribution of LLO microspheres assembled from {010} exposed primary grains is proposed to improve their Li+ kinetics and tap-density.

Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Deep-Bed Capture Efficiency of an Exhaust Particulate Filter

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Viswanathan ◽  
Stephen S. Sakai ◽  
Mitchell Hageman ◽  
David E. Foster ◽  
Todd Fansler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Filter Loading ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
The Impact

The exhaust filtration analysis system (EFA) developed at the University of Wisconsin – Madison was used to perform micro-scale filtration experiments on cordierite filter samples using particulate matter (PM) generated by a spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine fueled with gasoline. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to characterize running conditions with four distinct particle size distributions (PSDs). The distributions selected differed in the relative number of accumulation versus nucleation mode particles. The SMPS and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) were used to simultaneously measure the PSD downstream of the EFA and the real-time particulate emissions from the SIDI engine to determine the evolution of filtration efficiency during filter loading. Cordierite filter samples with properties representative of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were loaded with PM from the different engine operating conditions. The results were compared to understand the impact of particle size distribution on filtration performance as well as the role of accumulation mode particles on the diffusion capture of PM. The most penetrating particle size (MPPS) was observed to decrease as a result of particle deposition within the filter substrate. In the absence of a soot cake, the penetration of particles smaller than 70 nm was seen to gradually increase with time, potentially due to increased velocities in the filter as flow area reduces during filter loading, or due to decreasing wall area for capture of particles by diffusion. Particle re-entrainment was not observed for any of the operating conditions.

Effects of Particle Size Distribution on Compacted Density of Lithium Iron Phosphate 18650 Battery

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhenyu Chen ◽  
Shuaishuai Liu ◽  
Biaofeng Gao ◽  
Junwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Specific Discharge ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Discharge Capacities ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of particle size distribution on compacted density of as-prepared spherical lithium iron phosphate (LFP) LFP-1 and LFP-2 materials electrode for high-performance 18650 Li-ion batteries are investigated systemically, while the selection of two commercial materials LFP-3 and LFP-4 as a comparison. The morphology study and physical characterization results show that the LFP materials are composed of numerous particles with an average size of 300–500 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and a specific surface area of 13–15 m2/g. For CR2032 coin-type cell, the specific discharge capacities of the LFP-1 and LFP-2 are about 165 mAh/g at 0.2 C. For 18650 batteries, results indicate that the LFP-3 material has the highest compacted density of 2.52 g/cm3 at a concentrated particle size distribution such as D10 = 0.56 μm, D50 = 1.46 μm, and D90 = 6.53 μm. By mixing two different particle sizes of LFP-1 and LFP-2, the compaction density can be increased significantly from 1.90 g/cm3 to 2.25 g/cm3.

Effect of Jet Grading Technology on the Properties and Structural Characteristics of Tungsten Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Yu Qing Zhang ◽  
Lu Yan Wang ◽  
Cao Bing Li ◽  
Shan Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tungsten Powder ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Efficient Process

Jet grading technology is an efficient process in different industries. In this research, tungsten powder with different particle size distribution was used as a raw material to produce tungsten products via isostatic pressing as well as sintering. The mechanism of jet grading and the morphology and particle size distribution of different precursors were analyzed. The results showed that jet grading technology had remarkable effect on tungsten powder classification. The appropriate grading treatment was helpful to the formation of tungsten products with high performance. After jet grading and the following process like pressing and sintering, the tungsten products with better properties were manufactured which was used fischer particle size of 3.0~3.5μm as the raw material. The obtained products’ density was 18.77g/cm3 and its hardness was 372.15HV0.3.

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