A pilot-plant study of a moving-bed biofilm reactor system using PVA gel as a biocarrier for removals of organic carbon and nitrogen

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Rouse ◽  
O. Burica ◽  
M. Stražar ◽  
M. Levstek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Pva Gel ◽  
Pilot Plant Study

A pilot-plant study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a moving-bed biofilm reactor process using PVA-gel beads as a biocarrier. Real primary-settled wastewater was fed to the pre-denitrification system and removals of nitrogenous and organic contaminants were evaluated over a 1-year period. The results demonstrated that at a total nitrogen (TN) loading of 18 mg/L.h, a TN removal efficiency in keeping with and even exceeding the theoretical maximum efficiency based on the level of internal recycle, was possible and a nitrification rate of 15 mg/L.h was sustained with a HRT of only 2.5 h at 15 °C. Furthermore, soluble COD and BOD5 in the effluent of the pilot plant were reduced to levels well below most regulatory discharge limits. In addition, the possibility of using this biocarrier in a system, including the elimination of waste organic sludge, was discussed.

Influence of carrier type on nitrification in the moving-bed biofilm process

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Levstek ◽  
I. Plazl
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Parallel Testing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Pva Gel

Two different types of carriers differing fundamentally in size, shape and structure were evaluated in parallel testing for nitrification potential using the moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology. One of the carriers used was a cylindrical high-density polyethylene ring shaped carrier (AnoxKaldnes, K1 carrier) and the other was a spherical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel bead shaped carrier (Kuraray, PVA-gel carrier). For each MBBR process, using artificial wastewater under autotrophic conditions, high maximal nitrification rates at 20°C were obtained. For the K1 carrier up to 27 mgNH4-N/L.h (at 37% filling fraction) was found, corresponding to 49 mgNH4-N/L.h at the recommended maximum filling fraction of 67%. This corresponds to a nitrification area rate of 3.5 gNH4-N/m2.d for the K1 carrier at 20°C. For the PVA-gel carrier up to 32 mgNH4-N/L.h (at 9.6% filling fraction) was found, corresponding to 50.0 mg NH4-N/L.h at the recommended maximum filling fraction of 15%. At the recommended filling fractions, the two carriers therefore required about the same reactor volume to reach the maximum observed nitrification rate. This presumption allowed us to estimate the effective specific surface area for the PVA gel carrier up to 2,500 m2/m3 versus 1,000 m2/m3 when only the outer surface is considered.

Treatment of Dairy Wastewater in a Novel Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rusten ◽  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
A. Lundar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
In Series

A novel moving bed biofilm reactor has been developed, where the biofilm grows on small, free floating plastic elements with a large surface area and a density slightly less than 1.0 g/cm3. The specific biofilm surface area can be regulated as required, up to a maximum of approximately 400 m2/m3. The ability to remove organic matter from concentrated industrial effluents was tested in an aerobic pilot-plant with two moving bed biofilm reactors in series and a specific biofilm surface area of 276 m2/m3. Treating dairy wastewater, the pilot-plant showed 85% and 60% COD removal at volumetric organic loading rates of 500 g COD/m3h and 900 g COD/m3h respectively. Based on the test results, the moving bed biofilm reactors should be very suitable for treatment of food industry effluents.

Optimizing and modelling nitrogen removal in a new configuration of the moving-bed biofilm reactor process

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Larrea ◽  
J. Albizuri ◽  
A. Abad ◽  
A. Larrea ◽  
G. Zalakain
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
In Series ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Heterotrophic Biomass ◽  
Raw Wastewater

A new configuration of the moving-bed biofilm reactor process with pre-denitrification and nitrification was investigated in a pilot plant, which is fed with urban raw wastewater, the primary settler is located between the anoxic and the aerobic reactors, and primary sludge is recycled to the anoxic reactor as a hybrid pre-denitrification. The carriers used in the experiments are made of high-density polyethylene, with a diameter of 10 mm and a specific surface area of 400 m2/m3. The new process was compared with conventional pre-denitrification–nitrification using in-series reactors fed with settled wastewater. The new configuration achieved an increase of 45% for the denitrification rate and of 30% for the nitrification rate when compared with conventional configuration. These results were analysed in light of the calibration study of the mixed-culture biofilm (MCB) model and simulations in AQUASIM 2.1 platform. Regarding denitrification, the high values obtained in the new configuration were attributed to a higher removal of the slowly biodegradable substrate (XS) in the anoxic reactor due to the use of raw wastewater and sludge recycle. Accordingly, the amounts of heterotrophic biomass (XH) and XS obtained in simulations were higher in both the biofilm and the bulk liquid. Regarding nitrification, the higher values were attributed to a lower removal of XS in the aerobic reactors and accordingly, a lower accumulation of heterotrophic biomass in the biofilm was found in the simulations.

Validating the Colloid model to optimise the design and operation of both moving-bed biofilm reactor and integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1552-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Albizuri ◽  
P. Grau ◽  
M. Christensson ◽  
L. Larrea
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

The paper presents a systematic study of simulations, using a previously calibrated Colloid model, from which it was found that: (i) for pure moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes with tertiary nitrification conditions (no influent chemical oxygen demand (COD)), dissolved oxygen = 5 mg/L and residual NH4-N > 4 mgN/L, a nitrification rate of 1.2 gN/(m2d) was obtained at 10 °C. This rate decreases sharply when residual NH4-N is lower than 2 mgN/L, (ii) for MBBR systems with predenitrification–nitrification zones and COD in the influent (soluble and particulate), the nitrification rate (0.6 gN/(m2d)) is half of that in tertiary nitrification due to the effect of influent colloidal XS (particulate slowly biodegradable COD) and (iii) for integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes the nitrification rate in the biofilm (0.72 gN/(m2d)) is 20% higher than for the pure MBBR due to the lower effect of influent XS since it is adsorbed onto flocs. However, it is still 40% lower than the tertiary nitrification rate. In the IFAS, the fraction of the nitrification rate in suspension ranges from 10 to 70% when the aerobic solids retention time varies from 1.4 to 6 days.

Pilot testing and preliminary design of moving bed biofilm reactors for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rusten ◽  
B.G. Hellström ◽  
F. Hellström ◽  
O. Sehested ◽  
E. Skjelfoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Moving Bed

A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot plant, using Kaldnes type K1 biofilm carriers, was tested for nitrogen removal at the FREVAR wastewater treatment plant. The pilot plant was fed primary treated municipal wastewater, at temperatures from 4.8 to about 20°C. The results showed that a reasonable design nitrification rate will be 190 g TKN/m3d, at 10°C and a reactor pH≥7.0. Pre-denitrification was very dependent on the concentration of readily biodegradable organic matter and the amount of oxygen in the influent to the first anoxic MBBR. It was found that a MBBR process for nitrogen removal at FREVAR will require a total reactor volume corresponding to an empty bed hydraulic retention time of 4–5 hours at average design influent flow. This was based on an influent concentration of 25 mg total N/l, 70% annual average removal of total N and a treatment process consisting of primary treatment, MBBRs with combined pre- and post-denitrification, and followed by coagulation/flocculation and a final solids separation stage.

Nitrogen and carbon removal efficiency of a polyvinyl alcohol gel based moving bed biofilm reactor system

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Muzamil Gani ◽  
Jasdeep Singh ◽  
Nitin Kumar Singh ◽  
Muntjeer Ali ◽  
Vipin Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Pva Gel

In this study, the effectiveness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads in treating domestic wastewater was investigated: a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) configuration (oxic-anoxic and oxic) with 10% filling fraction of biomass carriers was operated in a continuously fed regime at temperatures of 25, 20, 15 and 6 °C with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 32 h, 18 h, 12 h and 9 h, respectively. Influent loadings were in the range of 0.22–1.22 kg N m−3 d−1 (total nitrogen (TN)), 1.48–7.82 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) m−3 d−1 (organic) and 0.12–0.89 kg NH4+-N m−3d−1 (ammonia nitrogen). MBBR performance resulted in the maximum TN removal rate of 1.22 kg N m−3 d−1 when the temperature and HRT were 6 °C and 9 h, respectively. The carbon removal rate at this temperature and HRT was 6.82 kg COD m−3 d−1. Ammonium removal rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.75 kg NH4+-N m−3 d−1 during the study. Total phosphorus and suspended solid removal efficiency ranged from 84 to 98% and 85 to 94% at an influent concentration of 3.3–7.1 mg/L and 74–356 mg/L, respectively. The sludge wasted from the MBBR exhibited light weight features characterized by sludge volume index value of 185 mL/g. Experimental data obtained can be useful in further developing the concept of PVA gel based wastewater treatment systems.

Comparison between hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor and activated sludge system: a pilot plant experiment

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Di Trapani ◽  
Giorgio Mannina ◽  
Michele Torregrossa ◽  
Gaspare Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Plant Experiment

The paper presents the comparison between the traditional activated sludge system (AS) and a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor (HMBBR). In particular, an experimental campaign has been carried out at the WWTP in Palermo (Italy), on a pilot plant consisting of two pre-anoxic schemes. The aerated tank of the HMBBR line was filled with suspended carriers (AnoxKaldnes™ K1), with a 30% filling ratio. The hydraulic load of the HMBBR line was increased up to two times the AS one. Further, in order to distinguish the additional contribution of the attached biomass for the HMBBR system, in the two lines the Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) was maintained as equal as possible. The monitoring period lasted three months during which several parameters were monitored. The obtained results showed a good treatment ability of the HMBBR system, referring to the organic matter removal as well as to the ammonium removal. In particular, in spite of the increase of the hydraulic load for the HMBBR line, the two systems showed a similar performance in terms of both organic and nitrogen removal. The results demonstrate the higher treatment capacity of the HMBBR addressing such system as an effective technology for the upgrading of overloaded wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Study of the treatment of domestic sewage using PVA gel beads as a biomass carrier

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Minquan Feng ◽  
Lina Wang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Pva Gel

Abstract Technologies for domestic sewage treatment with low excess sludge yield rate and highly efficient biological treatment methods are needed, and the moving-bed biofilm reactor has great promise for meeting this need. To provide technical support for the treatment of typical domestic sewage, this paper provides an estimate of the bacterial diversity in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads determined by a 16S-rRNA gene-based polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach, proposes a method for reducing the excess sludge yield rate, and describes the startup and continuous operation of the PVA technology. Domestic sewage was treated by a moving-bed biofilm reactor system using PVA gel beads as a biomass carrier. A significant amount of sphalerite, filamentous bacteria and bacillus were observed on the surface and internal structure of the PVA-gel beads by scanning electron microscope. Clostridiaceae bacterium, Alpha proteobacterium, Phenylobacterium haematophilum and Rhodobacter were identified as dominant bacteria strains using 16S-rRNA PCR-DGGE. The active sludge tanks were found to play a significant role in the reduction of excess sludge.

Pilot-plant experiments with moving-bed biofilm reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pastorelli ◽  
G. Andreottola ◽  
R. Canziani ◽  
E. de Fraja Frangipane ◽  
F. De Pascalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

A flexible pilot plant, fed with primary settled wastewater, was used to study (1) organic carbon and nitrification in a two(three)-stage continuous-flow aerobic process and (2) organic carbon and nitrogen removal in a heterotrophic moving-bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor (MBSBBR) for denitrification and in a continuous-flow autotrophic moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for nitrification. In both experiments the same polyethylene biofilm carriers were used. Filtered COD removal rates in aerobic conditions appear to be proportional to the corresponding loading rates up to 8 gCOD m−2 d−1. Nitrification tests, performed in oxygen limiting conditions and ammonia limiting conditions, showed that the reaction rate was nearly first order with respect to dissolved oxygen due to liquid film diffusion. Denitrification tests, performed without external carbon sources, showed that the denitrification rate never fell below 0.3 gNO3−-N m−2 d−1 even at very low biodegradable filtered COD loading rates.

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