Co-degradation of phenol and m-cresols by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izharul Haq Farooqi ◽  
Farrukh Basheer ◽  
M. Hasnain Isa
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

The study was performed to assess the efficacy of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the degradation of mixtures of phenol and m-cresol. The experiments were performed in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. The reactor was seeded with digested sewage sludge and was initially operated at 24 HRT. A phenol concentration of 200 mg/L was fed to the reactor to acclimatize the microorganisms to phenols. Subsequently the dosages of phenols were increased to 400 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 600 mg/L. Cresols were introduced in the reactor when phenol removal efficiency of 77% was achieved at phenol concentration of 600 mg/L. Different phenol to m-cresol ratios were tried and the performance of the reactor was evaluated for each case. The result demonstrates that it is important to consider phenol/ m-cresol ratio to avoid toxic effects and both can be co-degraded successfully under anaerobic conditions provided proper acclimatization time is given.

scholarly journals Degradation of phenol and p-cresol in reactors

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H.P. Fang ◽  
Gong-Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Phenol Concentration ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Effluent Recirculation ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and phenol concentration on the degradation of phenol and p-cresol in wastewater were investigated in two respective UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors with effluent recirculation at 37 °C for over 440 days. After acclimation, nearly all the phenol and p-cresol at moderate concentrations could be degraded without carbohydrate as a co-substrate. Treating a wastewater containing 800 mg/l of phenol and 300 mg/l of p-cresol at HRT ranging 2–12 hours, the first reactor consistently removed 95% of phenol, 65% of p-cresol and 85% of COD at 8–12 hours of HRT; the efficiency, however, decreased at lower HRT. Treating wastewater containing a constant p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/l at 24 hours of HRT, the second reactor was able to remove 75–80% of COD when the phenol was 1200 and 1500 mg/l; the removal efficiency decreased as phenol concentration further increased. High levels of residual phenol and p-cresol in the effluent suppressed the activity of biogranules. The suppression of bioactivity was not permanent. Biomass was able to regain its activity fully after lowering the phenolic concentrations in the wastewater.

Treatment of raw sewage in a temperate climate using a UASB reactor and the hanging sponge cubes process

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit K. Agrawal ◽  
Yasuhiro Ohashi ◽  
Etsuo Mochida ◽  
Hiroyuki Okui ◽  
Yasuko Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

The treatability of raw sewage in a temperate climate (wintertime around 10–20°C) using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and the hanging sponge cubes process was evaluated. After being seeded with digested sewage sludge, a 47.1 L UASB reactor was continuously operated for more than 2 years by feeding raw sewage, which had average COD around 300 mg/L (41% soluble). During summertime at an HRT of 7 h, effluent COD approximately 70 mg/L total, 50 mg/L soluble and BOD5 20 mg/L total, 12 mg/L soluble was obtained. During wintertime also, treatment efficiency and process stability was good. With the hanging sponge cubes process using the effluent of the UASB reactor treating raw sewage, the following results were obtained. The ammonia oxidation rates of 1.9 and 3.5 g NH4-N·m−2·d−1 in a downflow hanging sponge cubes biofilter, under natural air intake only were obtained during wintertime and summertime, respectively. With post-denitrification and an external carbon source, 84% in average N (NO3+NO2) was removed with an HRT of less than 1 hour and in the temperature range of 13 to 30°C using an upflow submerged hanging sponge bed bioreactor, under anaerobic conditions. The overall system using a UASB reactor and the hanging sponge cubes process could be quite an attractive treatment alternative.

Evaluation and modelling of helminth eggs removal in baffled and unbaffled ponds treating anaerobic effluent

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. von Sperling ◽  
C.A.L. Chernicharo ◽  
A.M.E. Soares ◽  
A.M. Zerbini
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
One Year ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Final Effluent

The paper evaluates and models helminth eggs removal in a combined UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor - maturation pond system (one baffled and one unbaffled pond in parallel). The system is comprised of demonstration-scale units, treating actual domestic sewage from Itabira city, Brazil. The paper addresses the following points: (i) removal of helminth eggs from the wastewater in the system; (ii) comparison of the observed removal efficiency with the predictions using the Ayres et al. model; (iii) accumulation of helminth eggs in the sludge; (iv) viability of eggs in the sludge; (v) distribution of helminth species in the sludge. The removal efficiency of helminth eggs from the wastewater in both ponds was 100% for most of the time (0 counts in the final effluent). The predictions of helminth eggs removal according to the Ayres et al. model can be considered reasonable. After one year of operation, 88% of the eggs in the sludge remained viable. Helminth eggs counts in the sludge tended to decrease along the baffled pond length (from first to last compartment). The prevailing helminth species found in the sludge from both ponds was Ascaris lumbricoides.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DOMESTIK KOMUNAL SISTEM UASB-DHS DI KOTA BOGOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Rudi Nugroho ◽  
Agus Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Facility ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Air limbah rumah tangga merupakan salah satu potensi sumber pencemaran lingkungan . Berdasarkan Laporan JICA , 1995 pencemaran lingkungan di Jabodetabek adalah 80 % disebabkan oleh air limbah rumah tangga . Untuk meminimalkan pencemaran lingkungan, air limbah harus diperlakukan sebelum dibuang ke sungai . Masalah yang sering muncul dalam pengelolaan limbah domestik adalah luas lahan terbatas dan dana yang ada untuk membangun fasilitas pengolahan air limbah dan juga biaya operasional yang tinggi . Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, perlu pengembangan biaya rendah teknologi pengolahan air limbah dengan efisiensi penyisihan yang tinggi , mudah dioperasikan dan juga harus kompak . Sebuah teknologi kombinasi Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ( UASB ) dan aliran bawah Hanging Sponge ( DHS ) merupakan pengolahan air limbah ekonomi , mudah dioperasikan dan memiliki efisiensi penyisihan tinggi yaitu 98 % untuk BOD dan 99,8 % untuk bakteri . Namun, untuk membangun fasilitas pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan UASB dan teknologi DHS , perlu studi kelayakan . Makalah ini menjelaskan studi kelayakan ekonomi dan sosial dari penerapan teknologi pengolahan air limbah UASB dan DHS di Kota Bogor . Dengan perhitungan manfaat dan rasio biaya ( BCR ) , hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa BCR 2.13 . Ini berarti proyek pengolahan air limbah UASB dan DHS di Kota Bogor adalah layak. Kata kunci : air limbah rumah tangga , anaerobik selimut lumpur, studi sosial ekonom  AbstractDomestic wastewater is one of the potential sources of environment pollution. Based on the JICA Report, 1995 the environmental pollution in Jabodetabek was 80% caused by the domestic wastewater. To minimize the environmental pollution, the wastewater have to be treated before discharge to river. Problem which often emerge in management of domestic waste is the limited land area and existing fund to built a wastewater treatment facility and also the high operating cost. To overcome these problems, it needs development of low cost wastewater treatment technology with high removal efficiency, easy to operate and also should be compact. A combination technology of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) and Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) represents an economic wastewater treatment, easy to operate and has high removal efficiency that is 98% for BOD and 99,8% for bacterium. However, to build the wastewater treatment facility by using the UASB and DHS technology, it needs a feasibility study. This paper explains an economic and social feasibility study of application the UASB and DHS wastewater treatment technology at Bogor City. By the calculation of benefit and cost ratio (BCR), the result shows that the BCR is 2.13. It means the UASB and DHS wastewater treatment project at Bogor City was feasible.

scholarly journals Black water treatment by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1505-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dyane Miranda Slompo ◽  
Larissa Quartaroli ◽  
Grietje Zeeman ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Luiz Antonio Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract Decentralized sanitary wastewater treatment has become a viable and sustainable alternative, especially for developing countries and small communities. Besides, effluents may present variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen values. This study describes the feasibility of using a pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat wastewater with different organic loads (COD), using black water (BW) and sanitary wastewater, in addition to its potential for preserving nutrients for later recovery and/or reuse. The UASB reactor was operated continuously for 95 weeks, with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. In Phase 1, the reactor treated simulated BW and achieved 77% CODtotal removal. In Phase 2, treating only sanitary wastewater, the CODtotal removal efficiency was 60%. Phase 3 treated simulated BW again, and CODtotal removal efficiency was somewhat higher than in Phase 1, reaching 81%. In Phase 3, the removal of pathogens was also evaluated: the efficiency was 1.96 log for Escherichia coli and 2.13 log for total coliforms. The UASB reactor was able to withstand large variations in the organic loading rate (0.09–1.49 kg COD m−3 d−1), in continuous operation mode, maintaining a stable organic matter removal.

scholarly journals Acclimatization Process on Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (HUASBR) using Bioball as Growth Media with OLR Variation for Treating Tofu Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3100-3105
Author(s):  
Nyimas Yanqoritha ◽  
Muhammad Turmuzi ◽  
Irvan Irvan ◽  
Fatimah Batubara ◽  
Ilmi Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Wastewater of tofu industry contains very high organic content, then anaerobic process is the most suitable for degrading this liquid waste. The hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASBR) was applied in this study because it has the advantage in ensuring good contact between biomass and substrate where a suspension medium and anaerobic filter are able to withstand more biomass in the attached media. Processing Anaerobic process is carried out with the help of bacteria where bacteria need seeding and acclimatization. Acclimatization is the process of adaptation of microorganisms to wastewater to be treated. This adaptation process is carried out by adding waste water from the smallest concentration to the actual concentration. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in organic load rate (OLR) on the acclimatization process in removing COD, biogas production in accordance with the pH of the anaerobic degradation process so that the optimal process of the acclimatization process can be obtained. In this study, the acclimatization process took 200 days with variation of OLR in the range of 1.5 - 5.9 kg COD m-3 d-1 at HRT 24 hours and flow rate up (Vup) of 0.08 m/h. The objective of OLR variation was to evaluate acclimatization process on the HUASBR performance during process optimization. The highest biogas production and removal efficiency of COD were achieved in pH range of 6.5 - 7.6. While, the highest COD removal efficiency obtained was 86.57% on the 140th day and biogas production 7700 ml for OLR 4.8 kg COD m-3d-1 at HRT 24 h. Consequently, the optimum OLR for treating the tofu wastewater could be achieved up to 4.8 kg COD m-3d-1 and HRT 24h.

Buoyant Filter Bio-Reactor (BFBR)–a novel anaerobic wastewater treatment unit

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Soosan J. Panicker ◽  
M. C. Philipose ◽  
Ajit Haridas
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The Buoyant Filter Bio-Reactor (BFBR) is a novel and very efficient method for the treatment of complex wastewater. Sewage is a complex wastewater containing insoluble COD contributed by fat and proteins. The fat and proteins present in the domestic sewage cause operational problems and underperformance in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor, used now for treating sewage anaerobically. The biogas yield from the BFBR is 0.36 m3/kg COD reduced and the methane content was about 70–80%. Production of methane by anaerobic digestion of organic waste had the benefit of lower energy costs for treatment and is thus environmentally beneficial to the society by providing a clean fuel from renewable feed stocks. The BFBR achieved a COD removal efficiency of 80–90% for an organic loading rate of 4.5 kg/m3/d at a hydraulic retention time of 3.25 hours. The effluent COD was less than 100 mg/l, thus saving on secondary treatment cost. No pretreatment like sedimentation was required for the influent to the BFBR. The BFBR can produce low turbidity effluent as in the activated sludge process (ASP). The land area required for the BFBR treatment plant is less when compared to ASP plant. Hence the problem of scarcity of land for the treatment plant is reduced. The total expenditure for erecting the unit was less than 50% as that of conventional ASP for the same COD removal efficiency including land cost.

A case study of coupling upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and ANITA™ Mox process to treat high-strength landfill leachate

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Lu ◽  
Biju George ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Wenjun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

A pilot study was conducted to study the treatability of high-strength landfill leachate by a combined process including upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), carbon removal (C-stage) moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and ANITA™ Mox process. The major innovation on this pilot study is the patent-pending process invented by Veolia that integrates the above three unit processes with an effluent recycle stream, which not only maintains the low hydraulic retention time to enhance the treatment performance but also reduces inhibiting effect from chemicals present in the high-strength leachate. This pilot study has demonstrated that the combined process was capable of treating high-strength leachate with efficient chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removals. The COD removal efficiency by the UASB was 93% (from 45,000 to 3,000 mg/L) at a loading rate of 10 kg/(m3·d). The C-stage MBBR removed an additional 500 to 1,000 mg/L of COD at a surface removal rate (SRR) of 5 g/(m2·d) and precipitated 400 mg/L of calcium. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency by the ANITA Mox reactor was about 70% at SRR of 1.0 g/(m2·d).

Anaerobic Treatment of Sewage Sludge Treated by Catalytic Wet Oxidation Process in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 867-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Song ◽  
N. Takeda ◽  
M. Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Wet Oxidation ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

To increase the efficiency of methane recovery in anaerobic treatment, sewage sludge was treated by catalytic wet oxidation process(CWOP).The CWOP is designed to treat sewage sludge with the aid of a newly developed catalyst. It is a treatment process, by which concentrated COD components and suspended solids in various kinds of sludge can be simultaneously oxidized and treated with great efficiency in a single step without dilution. After CWOP, this supernatant was treated by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) for recovery of methane. This experiment was to evaluate the acclimation of UASB process to the supernatant of sewage sludge treated by CWOP. For the granule growth and accumulation, supernatant was introduced stepwise (25%, 33%, 50%, 100%). The supernatant was 7,200 mg-COD/L which contained 53% carbonic acids. The reactor was operated at a volumetric loading rate from 1.8 (kg·COD/m3·day) to 14.4 (kg·COD/m3·day) and overall HRT of less than 24 hrs throughout the experiment. In the conventional anaerobic biochemical process of methane gas recovery was limited to 50% of COD recovery. As a result of this study, the COD recovery to about 93% was obtained by the coebination of CWOP and UASB process. The following conditions were enough for pretreatment: temperature, 270°C; pressure, 86kg/m2; stoichiometric air ratio, 1.1; reaction time, 24 min. These results indicate that the CWOP-UASB process may be attractive as an alternative sewage sludge treatment.

pH-Stability in anaerobic bioreactors treating methanolic wastewaters

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Florencio ◽  
J. A. Field ◽  
A. van Langerak ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Bioreactors ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Methanol is the main pollutant in evaporator condensate wastewaters from the kraft pulping industry. These wastewaters have no alkalinity. As methanogenesis is known to work best at neutral pH, additional alkalinity is needed to prevent the pH from dropping, and consequently, cause reactor instability. In anaerobic environments, methanol can either be directly converted to methane by methylotrophic methanogens or be converted to acetate by acetogens. The COD removal efficiency and stability of anaerobic reactor treating methanolic wastewaters are dependent on which route methanol is degraded. In this study, a mathematical model was made and tested. The model estimates pCO2 and pH expected from a certain stoichiometry yield of acetic acid and methane from methanol and the amount of alkalinity added. Continuous experiments were performed in five UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors to check if the theoretical and experimental data matched. Methanol (5 g COD/1) was the only substrate used and NaHCO3 and K2HPO4 were the sources of added alkalinity. The amount of added alkalinity varied from 0 to 50 meq/1. The experimental data fitted very well with the model. With this model it is possible to predict the pH in the reactor and the CO2 composition of the biogas.

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