The valuation of malnutrition in the mono-digestion of maize silage by anaerobic batch tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hinken ◽  
I. Urban ◽  
E. Haun ◽  
I. Urban ◽  
D. Weichgrebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Batch Tests

Anaerobic digestion is a technology which is used to produce methane from organic solids and energy crops. Especially in recent years, the fermentation of energy crops has become more and more important because of increasing costs for energy and special benefits for renewable energy sources in Germany. Anaerobic bacteria require macro and micro nutrients to grow. Absence of these elements can inhibit the anaerobic process significantly. In particular mono-substrates like maize or certain industrial wastewater often cannot provide all required nutrients. For this reason this research investigates the influence of substrate and trace elements on anaerobic digestion in detail. Different agricultural anaerobic biomasses are analysed with special regard to their trace element content. Based on these results, the influence of three trace elements (iron, cobalt, and nickel) on anaerobic digestion was studied in anaerobic batch tests at different sludge loading rates and for different substrates (maize and acetate). Biogas production was found to be 35% for maize silage and up to 70% higher for acetate with trace element dosage than in the reference reactor.

scholarly journals Vitamin Analysis, Trace Elements Content, and Their Extractabilities in Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prince Oteng ◽  
John K. Otchere ◽  
Stephen Adusei ◽  
Richard Q. Mensah ◽  
Emmanuel Tei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Vitamin Analysis

Tetrapleura tetraptera is widely cherished in African traditional homes because of its alleged therapeutic and nutritional properties. This present study aimed at determining the levels of vitamin A, C, E, and beta-carotene and trace element (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Se, and Zn) concentrations and their extractabilities in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit (mixture of pulp and seeds) of T. tetraptera. The total trace element concentration of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn and their extractabilities (%) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS), whereas UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to determine selenium concentration. The trace element content (mg/kg) based on dry weight in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit was Fe (162.00 ± 7.14, 115.00 ± 12.00, and 154.00 ± 25.20, respectively), Zn (31.60 ± 4.77, 43.40 ± 5.29, and 41.50 ± 8.97, respectively), Cu (16.10 ± 4.98, 11.90 ± 8.40, and 17.20 ± 14.50, respectively), Mn (55.30 ± 2.41, 156.00 ± 10.20, and 122.00 ± 5.29, respectively), Co (38.10 ± 6.40, 21.10 ± 7.15, and 44.00 ± 14.90, respectively), and Se (1.49 ± 0.17, 2.43 ± 0.28, and 2.97 ± 0.27 μg/g, respectively). The mineral extractabilities (%) in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera were established to be in the order Co > Zn > Fe > Cu > Se > Mn. Also, the chromatographic method (HPLC) was used to evaluate vitamin E concentration, and vitamin C and concentration of beta-carotene were calculated from the obtained concentration of vitamin A using a conversion factor by the titrimetric method. From the results of vitamin analysis, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit for vitamin C and E. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was perceived among these plant parts for vitamin A and beta-carotene. This study has therefore revealed that the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera contain varying concentrations of vitamins and trace elements and has given many vital insights on which part of T. tetraptera to consume, as concentrations of these nutrients differ in the discrete parts of the fruit.

Solid/liquid partition coefficients to model trace element critical loads for agricultural soils in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Sheppard ◽  
S C Sheppard ◽  
C A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
National Level ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid

Canadian consumers are demanding a sustainable agricultural industry as well as products delivered under Best Management Practices (BMPs). Trace element accumulation in soils may influence crop productivity, food quality and ecosystem and human health. Canada’s feed and foodstuff export industry has already faced cases of penalties for high trace element content [cadmium (Cd) in durum wheat]. Thus, it is imperative to be able to estimate the accumulation and potential short- and long-term impacts of trace elements in soil. A national-level Trace Element Indicator (TEI) based on present loadings of trace elements to agricultural land is in progress. An Expert Panel including Canadian, American and Australian experts guided the assembly of a proposed methodology for this TEI. The proposed TEI, described briefly here, is a critical load approach with a single expression of the risk of impact from single or multiple trace elements from multiple sources (manures, biosolids, effluents and fertilizers and natural processes), invoked in a stochastic manner. Two key data requirements are the current background levels of trace elements in soil, and the leachability of these trace elements. A survey of total and soluble concentrations of 54 elements in up to 112 soils was completed. Although preliminary in scope, these represent key soil series in Canada. From this, a database of the solid/liquid partition coefficient, Kd, was computed. These Kd values will be used to characterize the leachability of the trace elements. Key words: Cadmium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel, uranium, metals, Kd, distribution coefficient

The use of microalgae and their culture medium for biogas production in an integrated cycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Formagini ◽  
F. R. Marques ◽  
M. L. Serejo ◽  
P. L. Paulo ◽  
M. A. Boncz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Algae Cultivation ◽  
Batch Tests

Vinasse is a residue produced in large quantities as a sub-product of ethanol production. Anaerobic digestion of vinasse can yield large amounts of biogas, but often difficulties arise in maintaining stable operation, due to the acidity of the material (which has a pH between 3.5 and 5) and a strong tendency to further acidification. Anaerobically digested vinasse can be used as part of a culture medium for microalgae cultivation, for the production of biodiesel and other compounds, whilst the excess CO2 produced in the ethanol fermentation can be used to stimulate algal growth. During algae cultivation, the pH of the culture medium has a strong tendency to increase; therefore, recycling of the spent culture medium or the concentrated algae suspension to the anaerobic digester treating vinasse was considered an option for pH stabilization there. Batch tests, however, showed that alkalinity of the spent culture broth, in spite of its high pH, is too low (only 350 mgCaCO3L−1) to help stabilise the pH of vinasse digestion. Alkalinity of the algae suspension is higher and digestion of a mixture of vinasse and a suspension of algae results in efficient biogas production, but still the alkalinity is insufficient to stabilise the pH in a range suitable for methanogenic microorganisms; hence, the addition of additional alkalinity, for instance as sodium bicarbonate or urea, remains necessary.

scholarly journals Cellulase effect on anaerobic digestion of maize silage under discontinuous operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deny Oliva-Merencio ◽  
Ileana Pereda-Reyes ◽  
Ulrike Schimpf ◽  
Stefan Koehler ◽  
Ariovaldo J. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Kinetic Approach ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Infinite Time ◽  
Anaerobic Process ◽  
Natural Size ◽  
Biodegradability Test

ABSTRACT This paper studied the effect of adding an enzyme (ellulose) on anaerobic digestion of maize silage. We compared materials at chopping lengths of 8 mm (MSL), 4mm (MSS) and natural size (Ms) under a mesophilic and discontinuous operation (batch process). Hence, we found the process to be significantly influenced by particle size. Moreover, the ellulose addition did not significantly impact biogas production after a 35-day digestion period. Ms and MSS displayed an improved response to all variables when compared with MSL and MSL+C, with significant differences. Studies on the refractory fraction at infinite time (R0) have demonstrated that the lowest values correspond to Ms and MSS (0.122 and 0.155, respectively). The Kinetic approach and the Ultimate Biodegradability test are useful tools to evaluate the effect of the addition of an enzyme to the anaerobic process.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment of a Holistic and Interdisciplinary Approach to the Biogas Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5374
Author(s):  
Robert Bedoić ◽  
Goran Smoljanić ◽  
Tomislav Pukšec ◽  
Lidija Čuček ◽  
Davor Ljubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Impact

Crop-based biogas energy production, in combination with electricity generation under subsidy schemes, is no longer considered a favourable business model for biogas plants. Switching to low-cost or gate fee feedstocks and utilising biogas via alternative pathways could contribute to making existing plants fit for future operations and could open up new space for further expansion of the biogas sector. The aim of this study was to combine a holistic and interdisciplinary approach for both the biogas production side and the utilisation side to evaluate the impact of integrating the biogas sector with waste management systems and energy systems operating with a high share of renewable energy sources. The geospatial availability of residue materials from agriculture, industry and municipalities was assessed using QGIS software for the case of Northern Croatia with the goal of replacing maize silage in the operation of existing biogas plants. Furthermore, the analysis included positioning new biogas plants, which would produce renewable gas. The overall approach was evaluated through life cycle assessment using SimaPro software to quantify the environmental benefits and identify the bottlenecks of the implemented actions. The results showed that the given feedstocks could replace 212 GWh of biogas from maize silage in the relevant region and create an additional 191 GWh of biomethane in new plants. The LCA revealed that the proposed measures would contribute to the decarbonisation of natural gas by creating environmental benefits that are 36 times greater compared to a business-as-usual concept. The presented approach could be of interest to stakeholders in the biogas sector anywhere in the world to encourage further integration of biogas technologies into energy and environmental transitions.

Cultured and Uncultured Microbial Community Associated With Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Ronzella Ottoni ◽  
Suzan Prado Fernandes Bernal ◽  
Tiago Joelzer Marteres ◽  
Franciele Natividade Luiz ◽  
Viviane Piccin dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Culture Independent

Abstract The search for sustainable development has led countries around the world to seek the improvement of technologies that use renewable energy sources. One of the alternatives in the production of renewable energy comes from the use of waste including urban solids, animal excrement from livestock and biomass residues from agro-industrial plants. These materials may be used in the production of biogas, making its production highly sustainable and environmentally friendly, in addition to reducing public expenses for the treatment of those wastes. The present study evaluated the cultivated and uncultivated microbial community from a substrate (starter) used as an adapter for biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes. 16S rDNA metabarcoding revealed domain of bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi and Synergistota. The methanogenic group was represented by the phyla Halobacterota and Euryarchaeota. Through 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of isolates recovered from the starter culture, the genera Rhodococcus, Vagococcus, Lysinibacillus, Niallia, Priestia, Robertmurraya, Luteimonas and Proteiniclasticum were recovered, groups that were not observed in the metabarcoding data. The groups mentioned are involved in the metabolism pathways of sugars and other compounds derived from lignocellulosic material, as well as in anaerobic methane production processes. The results demonstrate that culture-dependent approaches, such as isolation and sequencing of isolates, as well as culture-independent studies, such as the Metabarcoding approach, are complementary methodologies that, when integrated, provide robust and comprehensive information about the microbial communities involved in various processes, including the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion processes.

Enhancing anaerobic digestion of dairy and swine wastewater by adding trace elements: evaluation in batch and continuous experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1662-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Maria Westerholm ◽  
Wei Qiao ◽  
Ahmed Mahdy ◽  
Simon M. Wandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Low Dosage

Abstract Trace elements play a critical role for microbial activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) but their effects were probably overestimated in batch tests and should be comparably evaluated in continuous systems. In this study, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were added in different concentrations to manure wastewater, and the effects were compared in both batch and continuous systems. The results were used to demonstrate suitable trace element compositions for AD of dairy and swine wastewater, and to compare the outcomes from batch and continuous systems. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were identified as being the most efficient stimulant of dairy and swine wastewater respectively. The addition of 5 mg/L Fe2+ and 0.4 mg/L Zn2+ increased the batch specific methane yield by 62% and 126% for dairy and swine wastewater, respectively. Nevertheless, a lower increment of 2% and 21%, for dairy and swine wastewater was obtained in the 120-day continuously-fed experiments. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated a relationship between the methanogens population, specific methanogenic activities, propionate, and dissolved hydrogen. Conclusively, the addition of a low dosage of Fe2+ and Zn2+ is a feasible strategy to enhance the methanogenic metabolism of the AD of dairy and swine wastewater respectively.

scholarly journals Trace Element Supplementation and Enzyme Addition to Enhance Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Litter

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Navodita Bhatnagar ◽  
David Ryan ◽  
Richard Murphy ◽  
Anne-Marie Enright
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Set Up

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of chicken litter (CL) is a viable alternative to disposal. However, methane yields from this primarily organic waste are quite low when mono-digested. This paper discusses the effect of an enzyme cocktail, trace element (TE) supplementation and selenium (Se) addition in small-scale batch biomethane potential (BMP) assays to enhance the AD of CL. Eleven different assays were set up in triplicate including assays containing only inoculum (blank), only CL (negative control) and cellulose and inoculum (positive control). The results indicate that both enzyme treatment and trace element supplementation enhanced the biogas and methane yield. The highest specific biogas and methane yields were noted for 1% enzyme-treated CL of 835.2 L/kg volatile solids (VS) and 460.8 L/kg VS, respectively. Usually, mono-digestion of CL is low due to high nitrogen content and the presence of recalcitrant lignocellulosic material from the bedding material. Enzyme treatment performed better than the addition of the TE mix and Se.

Identification of Natal Locales of Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) by Trace-Element Analysis of Feathers

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmie R. Parrish ◽  
David T. Rogers ◽  
F. Prescott Ward
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Peregrine Falcons ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Abstract Samples of secondary remiges collected from nestling Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Alaska and western Greenland were analyzed for trace-element content using instrumental neutron-activation analysis. Concentrations of 14 trace elements were subjected to a series of multivariate discriminant function analyses to ascertain whether or not these concentrations could be used to identify the geographic origins of the birds sampled. Individual falcons from the three areas studied can be placed in their proper natal locale with 100% predictability. Mercury (Hg) was the best individual discriminator for separating sample groupings. Aluminum (A1) and Vanadium (V), in conjunction with Hg, provided the most discriminant trio of elements when various groupings of element concentrations were considered as predictors.

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