Effect of biological pretreatment of coarse MSW on landfill behaviour: laboratory study

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bayard ◽  
J. de Araujo Morais ◽  
M. Rouez ◽  
U. Fifi ◽  
F. Achour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up

Mechanical and biological pre-treatment (MBT) of residual Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is considered as a promising technical option prior to landfilling. The aim of MBT is to control the biological landfill activity to minimize biogas and leachate production. Laboratory-scale bioreactors were set up to study the behaviour of untreated and pre-treated residues. The bioreactors were designed to simulate the anaerobic condition of sanitary landfill. Initial water addition has been performed to ensure optimal condition of biological degradation. The incubation time was 400 days to achieve the biodegradation. Experiments have been carried out with untreated or treated waste collected from a mechanical-aerobic biological treatment plant located in middle south of France. Chemical and biological analyses have been performed to characterise the waste samples before and after the incubation. Results showed that a residual anaerobic activity does exist for the pre-treated waste when incubated in optimal moisture condition: biogas production does still exist even after a long period of aerobic hot fermentation and maturation.

scholarly journals Detection of Cryptococcus by conventional, serological and molecular methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1098-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolan Champa Saha ◽  
Immaculata Xess ◽  
Ashutosh Biswas ◽  
Dipankar M. Bhowmik ◽  
M. V. Padma
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Negative Controls

The rising incidence of cryptococcosis in India is posing a serious threat. Due to lack of sensitive methods for diagnosis, high morbidity and mortality are associated with the disease. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent serious complications. Therefore, we attempted to find highly sensitive and specific detection methods. A comparative evaluation of the detection of cryptococcosis was done by conventional (direct microscopy and culture) and rapid diagnostic [latex agglutination test (LAT), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and PCR] methods. The study was done on 359 samples from 52 positive patients and 30 negative controls in an Indian set-up. Evaluation was done for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and urine separately. The diagnostic value of the tests was assessed in pre-treatment samples, and follow-up tests were also done on samples obtained after initiation of treatment. PCR had the highest sensitivity, followed by EIA and LAT, both before and after treatment. The positive detection by LAT, EIA and PCR was the longest in CSF (>90 days), followed by serum (∼65 days) then urine (∼45 days) after initiation of treatment. Our results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of PCR and EIA were comparable in urine, CSF and serum for diagnosis of cryptococcosis.

Development of a new process for treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rosén ◽  
T. Welander ◽  
A. Löfqvist ◽  
J. Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Chemical Hydrolysis ◽  
New Process ◽  
Bacterial Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Pilot Tests

In this study a process for biological treatment of toxic wastewater from a pharmaceutical company was developed. By simulations on a laboratory scale, the contribution of organic material and toxicity in wastewater from different sources was determined and the degradability of specific compounds were studied. The information obtained from these tests was used to improve the treatability of the wastewater at the sources. As an example a persistent organic phosphorous compound could be degraded after pre-treatment with chemical hydrolysis. By further simulations on a laboratory scale it was possible to screen through a large number of process configurations to determine the best working biological treatment. A combination of fungal and bacterial treatment was found to remove toxicity from the wastewater more than a conventional bacterial treatment. The results from the laboratory studies were confirmed in pilot tests. A full scale treatment plant, which design is based on the results from these studies are presently under construction.

Influence of selected biowaste materials pre-treatment on their anaerobic digestion

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Takáčová ◽  
Tomáš Mackluľak ◽  
Miroslava Smolinská ◽  
Miroslav Hutňan ◽  
Petra Olejníková
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽  
Chlorella Kessleri ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe topic of this study is the pre-treatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion. Two different substrates of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus (SAG 86.81), Chlorella kessleri (LARG/1) and foliage of Prunus serrulata were subjected to anaerobic digestion. A mixture of commercially available cellulolytic enzymes (Analytical science s.r.o., Modra, Slovakia) was used for anaerobic treatment of algae while the foliage of Prunus serrulata was pre-treated by lignolytic fungi. The highest production of methane per mass of volatile solids was reached with untreated Chlorella kessleri at (0.59 ± 0.04) L g−1. The addition of cellulolytic enzymes did not increase the production of methane from the algal substrate; however, a faster substrate degradation and thus also higher speed of methane production at the beginning of cultivation was achieved. After foliage pre-treatment by fungal isolate Pleurotus pulmonarius, isolated from natural habitats, the methane production increased five times. In this way we were able to speed up the processes of biological degradation of ligno-cellulose materials and thereby to increase the production of methane. Our results show the possibility of using algae as a suitable substrate for biogas production. On the other hand, also aerobic pre-treatment of foliage (Pleurotus pulmonarius) presents a successful way for speeding up the degradation of ligno-cellulose waste leading to increased methane yields.

scholarly journals Dewatering e bonifica dell’ area ˝ex Whitehead Motofides˝ (Pisa, Italia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Conti ◽  
Roberto Salvadori ◽  
Massimo Aiello
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Soil Excavation

In 2007 the activities for the remediation of the “ex-Whitehead Motofides area” (in Marina di Pisa, Italy) started. In order to allow the contaminated soil excavation in dry conditions a dewatering system was necessary. The water pumped through this system was then treated in an adequate plant. Acque Industriali realized and managed the whole system. The dewatering system was made of suction pins fixed to a depth of 5.5 m, connected by a junction manifold to the suction and booster vacuum assisted pump, which allowed the groundwater release toward the plant. The treatment plant, entirely designed by Acque Industriali and called ITAM (Impianto di Trattamento Acque di Falda Mobile, which means movable groundwater treatment), was realized and set up at the end of 2008. It consisted of a pre-treatment section, made of reinforced concrete, prefabricated nitrogen sweep elements, and a physical chemical treatment plant, in a continuous loop, completely made on skid. The plant, with 25 m3/h of maximum potential, was able to remove possible sedimentable or in suspension material particles from water, iron, manganese, residual organic substances such as hydrocarbons, solvents (chlorinated and not), PCBs, and partly heavy metals. Totally, 98,167 m3 of groundwater were managed in about 25 months of activity. The analytic input and output results confirmed extremely high and satisfactory pollutant removal efficiency. The concentration values of the pollutants, in fact, were always lower than the limits imposed by law.

scholarly journals Influence of chemically enhanced primary treatment on anaerobic digestion and dewaterability of waste sludge

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1629-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kooijman ◽  
M. K. De Kreuk ◽  
J. B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment

To lower energy consumption at a sewage treatment plant (STP), primary settling could be enhanced to direct more chemical oxygen demand (COD) to anaerobic digestion (AD) for increased biogas production and decreased aeration. Primary settling can be chemically enhanced by applying flocculation aids (FAs). FAs are refractory compounds that may affect all sludge treatment facilities. In this study the consequences are investigated of the application of FAs for chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) on AD and subsequent dewatering of digested sludge in a conventional STP. It was found that FAs maintain their effect throughout all sludge processing facilities. With CEPT, more readily degradable solids were removed, resulting in a higher bio methane potential of the primary sludge. In AD, FAs lowered the viscosity; meanwhile an increased hydrolysis rate was observed. But FAs also partially irreversibly bound substrate in such way that it is not available for biological degradation anymore. In subsequent dewatering of digested sludge, a higher dry solids concentration was observed with CEPT. A computer simulation showed that in a conventional STP, CEPT would not be economically feasible. However, several benefits were discussed that can make CEPT an interesting option for future low COD/N-tolerant STPs with, for example, Anammox processes for N removal.

scholarly journals Energy Balance of Turbocharged Engines Operating in a WWTP with Thermal Hydrolysis. Co-Digestion Provides the Full Plant Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11103
Author(s):  
José García-Cascallana ◽  
Daniela Carrillo-Peña ◽  
Antonio Morán ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Pre Treatment

The energy balance of lean-burn turbocharged engines using biogas as fuel is reported. Digestion data were obtained from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the city of Burgos (Spain), operating with a thermal hydrolysis unit for sludge pre-treatment. Operational performance of the plant was studied by considering the treatment of sludge as a comparative base for analyzing global plant performance if co-digestion is implemented for increasing biogas production. The calculation methodology was based on equations derived from the engine efficiency parameters provided by the manufacturer. Results from real data engine performance when evaluated in isolation as a unique control volume, reported an electrical efficiency of 38.2% and a thermal efficiency of 49.8% leading to a global efficiency of 88% at the operating point. The gross electrical power generated amounted to 1039 kW, which translates into 9102 MWh/year, with an economic value of 837,384 €/year which was completely consumed at the plant. It also represents 55.1% of self-consumption regarding the total electricity demand of the plant. The analysis of the system considering the use of the total installed capacity by adding a co-substrate, such as cheese whey or microalgae, reveals that total electrical self-consumption is attained when the co-substrate is directly fed into the digester (cheese whey case), obtaining 16,517 MWh/year equivalent to 1,519,160 €/year. The application of thermal hydrolysis as pre-treatment to the co-substrate (microalgae case study) leads to lower electricity production, but still attains a better performance than a mono-digestion baseline scenario.

An Investigation into the Pre-Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Prior to Aerobic Biological Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kasapgil ◽  
G. K. Anderson ◽  
O. Ince
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Dissolved Air

Implementation of the EC Directive on Urban Wastewater Treatment has led to the introduction of more stringent discharge standards being imposed by the Regulating Agencies in the United Kingdom. It is for this reason that this investigation into the pre-treatment of a dairy wastewater prior to aerobic biological treatment was carried out. In order to upgrade the existing treatment plant at a local dairy a Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) and an anaerobic digestion system as pre-treatment process were studied at pilot - scale. Results obtained from this study showed that the existing aerobic biological treatment plant failed to achieve both the present consent conditions and those required in 1995. It was shown that an anaerobic filter would enable the plant to meet the discharge standards proposed by the National Rivers Authority but due to the configuration of the land available for new works it is recommended that the existing aerobic biological filter be replaced by an activated sludge system. It is anticipated that such a system would reduce the final effluent COD to less than 125 mg/l.

Suitability of ozone pre-treatment for amoxicillin wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lefebvre ◽  
X. Shi ◽  
J. G. Tein ◽  
H. Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

This study deals with the ozonation of amoxicillin in real pharmaceutical wastewater and its efficacy as a pre-treatment, prior to biological degradation by a mixed culture of bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). An ozone utilization of 0.27 g/g-COD (chemical oxygen demand) lowered the pH of the wastewater to 6.6, reduced the specific ultraviolet absorption by 43% and increased the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration by 37%. The BOD:COD ratio became equal to 0.89, making the ozonated wastewater seemingly suitable for biological treatment; however, when the ozonated effluent was fed to the SBR, the reactor performance degraded, an effect which was attributed to ozonation by-products. In conclusion, ozonation might not be a suitable pre-treatment for pharmaceutical wastewater containing amoxicillin, and biotreatment with properly acclimated biomass may be a better option for treatment of such pharmaceutical wastewater.

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