Arsenic hyperaccumulation by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos: a comparative study of uptake efficiency in arsenic-treated soils and waters

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3041-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Yong ◽  
S. N. Tan ◽  
Y. F. Ng ◽  
K. K. K. Low ◽  
S. F. Peh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Arsenic Hyperaccumulation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Better Than

This work comprised of the comparative study of arsenic (As) uptake efficiency by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos grown in (i) As amended soils (0–600 ppm) and (ii) As tainted water (40 ppb) using a new compact continuous flow phytofiltration system in a tropical greenhouse. The As hyperaccumulation efficiency was dependent on the growth medium for the two fern species. The highest level of As detected in the fronds of P. vittata was 19,300 ± 190 ppm (dry weight basis) and 11,600 ± 230 ppm for Pityrogramma calomelanos, after growing for 78 days in soils amended with As. In the compact continuous flow As phytofiltration system experiments, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to perform better than P. vittata in phytofiltrating As contaminated water under waterlogged conditions. During the 167 h of phytofiltration experiment, the removal efficiency was approximately 99% and 67% for Pityrogramma calomelanos and P. vittata systems respectively, based on an initial 40 ppb As. Pityrogramma calomelanos also required a shorter acclimatization time than P. vittata under waterlogged conditions.

POVERTY REDUCTION IN CHINA AND INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
TONGJIN ZHANG ◽  
YUAN ZHANG ◽  
GUANGHUA WAN ◽  
HAITAO WU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
China And India ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than

This paper attempts to explain why China performed better than India in reducing poverty. As two of the most populous countries in the world, China and India have both experienced fast economic growth and high inequality in the past four decades. Conversely, China adopted a more export-oriented development strategy, resulting in faster industrialization or urbanization and deeper globalization, than India. Consequently, to conduct the comparative study, we first decompose poverty changes into a growth and an inequality components, assessing the relative importance of growth versus distributional changes on poverty in China and India. Then, Chinese data are used to estimate the impacts of industrialization, urbanization and globalization on poverty reduction in rural China. The major conclusion of this comparative study is that developing countries must prioritize employment generation in secondary and tertiary industries through industrialization and globalization in order to absorb surplus agricultural labor, helping reduce poverty in the rural areas.

scholarly journals In Vitro Conservation of Some Threatened and Economically Important Ferns Belonging to the Indian Subcontinent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shastri P. Shukla ◽  
P. B. Khare
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Mass Multiplication ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Spore Culture

This study was undertaken to identify methods of mass multiplication for five ornamental, economically important ferns (Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott., N. cordifolia cv. ‘‘duffii’’ (L.) Presl., N. exaltata cv. bostoniensis (L.) Schott., Pteris vittata L., and Cyclosorus dentatus Link.,) and three threatened ferns, namely, Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex. Hook, Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link., and Microsorum punctatum (L.) Schott., through in vitro techniques. Collections were made from different biodiversity zones of India including Northeast Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, and Western Ghat and successfully introduced and grown in a fern-house. Aseptic cultures were raised at the morphogenic level of callus, axillary shoot, multiple shoot, and rooted plants. An optimized medium is described for each fern species. Plantlets were also produced from spore culture of Cyathea spinulosa and successfully hardened under fern house conditions.

scholarly journals Fern inventorization in Cunca Rami Waterfall Zone of West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Muh Sri Yusal ◽  
Gervinus Toni
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Pteris Vittata L

The tourist area of Cunca Rami Waterfall has natural beauty and environmental conditions allow ferns (pteridophyta) to grow and develop diversity high level. This study aims to inventory the types ferns potential in the Cunca Rami West Manggarai waterfall zone East Nusa Tenggara Province, so that is expected to become important information material for the community and local government in developing natural potential-based tourism owned by West Manggarai Regency. Inventory of ferns was carried out through an exploratory method with random sampling which were subsequently identified by reference to the flora book Steenis, et al (2008). The results showed that there were 15 fern types, namely Adiantum diapahnum L.; Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) More; Pityrogramma calomelanos Link.; Plagigyra sp.; Asplenium belangeri Bory; Asplenium caudatum forst.; Davalia sp.; Diplazium esculentum Swarz.; Dryopteris ferox; Dryopteris pteroides; Lindsaea decomposita Willd; Nephrolepis exaltata schott.; Nephrolepis sp.; Pteris biaurita L.; Pteris vittata L. Then classified into 8 family types, namely Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae, Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Lindsacaceae, Neprolepidaceae, and Pteridaceae. Fern species in the Cunca Rami Waterfall area has great potential, but the surrounding community has not utilized use potential full.

scholarly journals Arsenic phytoextraction and hyperaccumulation by fern species

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isidoria Silva Gonzaga ◽  
Jorge Antonio Gonzaga Santos ◽  
Lena Qiying Ma
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos

Arsenic (As) is an ubiquitous trace metalloid found in all environmental media. Its presence at elevated concentrations in soils derives from both anthropogenic and natural inputs. Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic element, which has caused severe environmental and health problem worldwide. Technologies currently available for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated sites are expensive, environmentally disruptive, and potentially hazardous to workers. Phytoextraction, a strategy of phytoremediation, uses plants to clean up contaminated soils and has been successfully applied to arsenic contaminated soils. It has the advantage of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. A major step towards the development of phytoextraction of arsenic-impacted soils is the discovery of the arsenic hyper accumulation in ferns, first in Pteris vittata, which presented an extraordinary capacity to accumulate 2.3% arsenic in its biomass. Another fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to exhibit the same hyperaccumulating characteristics. After that, screening experiments have revealed that the Pteris genus is really unique in that many species have the potential to be used in phytoextraction of arsenic. In general, these plants seem to have both constitutive and adaptive mechanisms for accumulating or tolerating high arsenic concentration. In the past few years, much work has been done to understand and improve the hyperaccumulating capability of these amazing plants. In particular, the field of molecular biology seems to hold the key for the future of the phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Effect of different fertilizer types on Arsenic removal capacity of two fern species

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Anh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plant

More and more attention has been paid to the research on phytoremediation and hyperaccumulators. Arsenic (As) uptake by hyperaccumulator plant species depends on many different environmental factors. Fertilizer is one of the most important factors because the plant growth needs nutrients. In this study, the pot experiments were conducted in 12 weeks to understand the effect of different fertilizer on As removal capacity of Pityrogramma calomelanos and Pteris vittata. The results showed that, Arsenic concentration in the frond is higher than that in the root of the fern. As removal efficiency of the ferns from the soil amended with both inorganic and organic fertilizer is highest. The ferns removed As content in soil up to 7.4 and 12.6 mg As per kg DW soil, respectively. For the control experiments without adding fertilizers, As removal ability of the ferns from the soil is lowest that was only 2.1 mg As per kg DW soil. Trên thế giới đã và đang có nhiều nghiên cứu, ứng dụng phương pháp sử dụng thực vật để xử lý ô nhiễm, đặc biệt là các loài thực vật siêu tích tụ kim loại nặng. Sự tích lũy Asen (As) trong các loài thực vật siêu tích lũy phụ thuộc vào rất nhiều yếu tố môi trường và dinh dưỡng khác nhau. Phân bón là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng nhất vì sự phát triển cây rất cần chất dinh dưỡng. Trong nghiên cứu này, các thí nghiệm được tiến hành trong 12 tuần để đánh giá về ảnh hưởng của các loại phân bón khác nhau đến khả năng xử lý ô nhiễm As trong đất của dương xỉ. Kết quả thu được cho thấy, nồng độ As tích lũy trong phần thân của dương xỉ cao hơn rất nhiều so với phần rễ của cây. Hiệu quả loại bỏ As ra khỏi đất của dương xỉ trong các thí nghiệm bổ sung cả phân bón vô cơ và phân bón hữu cơ là cao nhất. Pityrogramma calomelanos và Pteris vittata có thể loại bỏ hàm lượng As trong 1 kg trọng lượng khô đất tương ứng lên đến 7,4 và 12,6 mg. Các công thức thí nghiệm đối chứng không bổ sung phân bón thì cho hiệu quả loại bỏ As ra khỏi đất là thấp nhất chỉ 2,1 mg As trên 1 kg trọng lượng khô đất.

scholarly journals CFD Analysis of Torque and Power for Single Rotor, Dual Rotor, and Ducted Dual Rotor Wind Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Vinay Mishra ◽  
H.K. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
High Torque ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Rotor Type ◽  
Better Than

With the present advancement, a wind turbine needs a wind rotor with high torque and power. The present study aims to enhance the torque and power of wind turbine by employing the ducted dual rotor. In this regard, CFD analysis is performed to analyze the torque and power produced for horizontal axis single rotor bare wind turbine, dual rotor wind turbine, and convergent-divergent ducted type dual rotor wind turbine. The comparative study is conducted to enhance the power and torque for the aforementioned rotor type. The results highlight the maximum value of torque for a dual ducted wind turbine is 36.9% more than a dual rotor at 16 m/s of wind velocity and 92.2 % more than a single rotor at 16 m/s of wind velocity, and the maximum value of the power produced for a dual ducted wind turbine is 40.48% more than a dual rotor at 16 m/s of wind velocity and 139.66% more than a single rotor at 16 m/s of wind velocity. Therefore result suggested that a dual ducted wind turbine is better than a single rotor wind turbine.

Field Survey and Comparative Study of Pteris Vittata and Pityrogramma Calomelanos Grown on Arsenic Contaminated Lands with Different Soil pH

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Thi Kim Anh ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha ◽  
Dang Dinh Kim ◽  
Nguyen Trung Kien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos

scholarly journals The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sudhir Babu Palii ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Akkupalli ◽  
Suneetha Maddi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cervical Dilatation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reduction Of Pain ◽  
Drotaverine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than ◽  
First Stage Of Labor

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of drotaverine and valethamate on cervical dilatation. Materials and methods Total of 100 patients (aged 20 to 30 years) including both primigravidae and multigravidae in first stage of labor, were divided randomly into two groups with 50 patients in each. The drotaverine (D) and valethamate (V) groups were given intravenously, 40 mg drotaverine hydrochloride to the former with every 2 hours for a maximum of 3 doses and 8 mg valethamate bromide to the latter with maximum of 6 doses half an hour apart. Results In primigravidae and multigravidae the average duration of active phase is shortened by 3 hours with 1.92 cm/ hour cervical dilatation in drotaverine group and 1 hour 45 minutes with 1.44 cm/hour in valethamate group (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of second and third stages in both groups. No obstetrical complications or major side effects observed in both groups. Conclusion Drotaverine accelerates labor better than of valethamate. The reduction of pain during labor is better with drotaverine when compared with valethamate. How to cite this article Palii SB, Akkupalli VL, Maddi S. The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):52-56.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Chemically and Biologically Raised Crackers Biscuits

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
AA Siddiqui ◽  
A Matin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Panel Test ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than

The experiment was conducted to the comparative study of chemically and biologically raised cracker biscuit. There were two different formulas; Formula -A was biologically raised (using dry yeast) and Formula –B was chemically raised (using sodium bicarbonate, no yeast) crackers. For analyzing the quality of products, samples were collected from different points of the plant and conducted physical, chemical and organoleptic test. From physical test report it is found that the appearance, texture, color and flavor are better for formulation – A than the formulation – B. According to chemical test report it are found that oven moisture, Packing moisture, Fat and Ash were 1.9%, 2.8%,24.0% and 0.93% respectively of formulation – A and 2.0%, 3.1%, 24.2% and 0.92% respectively for formulation – B. From the panel test report 66.66% group voted the formula –A and 33.33% group voted the formula – B by the team -1 and secondly we form teamed – 2 by rearranging the team members of one and two. According to team-2 83.33% group voted the formula –A and 16.66% group voted the formula – B. All the test reports supported that biologically raised crackers biscuits was better than the chemically raised crackers biscuits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22103 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(2): 97-100 2013

scholarly journals A Normalization Methods for Backpropagation: A Comparative Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel S. Eesa ◽  
Wahab Kh. Arabo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
Score Normalization ◽  
Learning Parameter ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Models ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than

Neural Networks (NN) have been used by many researchers to solve problems in several domains including classification and pattern recognition, and Backpropagation (BP) which is one of the most well-known artificial neural network models. Constructing effective NN applications relies on some characteristics such as the network topology, learning parameter, and normalization approaches for the input and the output vectors. The Input and the output vectors for BP need to be normalized properly in order to achieve the best performance of the network. This paper applies several normalization methods on several UCI datasets and comparing between them to find the best normalization method that works better with BP. Norm, Decimal scaling, Mean-Man, Median-Mad, Min-Max, and Z-score normalization are considered in this study. The comparative study shows that the performance of Mean-Mad and Median-Mad is better than the all remaining methods. On the other hand, the worst result is produced with Norm method.

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