Province-based self-remediation efficiency of the Tha Chin river basin, Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thaipichitburapa ◽  
C. Meksumpun ◽  
S. Meksumpun
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
River System ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Remediation Efficiency

The Tha Chin River Basin located in the great central basin of Thailand is used for water supply, aquaculture, transportation, and recreation as well as a sink for wastewater discharges. Because of gradual deterioration of water quality and fishery resources, this study aimed to explain recent status of the river self-remediation efficiency that was influenced by nutrient inputs and outputs from the river system. Field surveys were carried out during May 2007 (early rainy season) and October 2007 (late rainy season) within the Tha Chin River located in 4 provinces; Chainat, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, and Samut Sakhon. The nutrient budgets in each province section were analyzed. Results indicated that the river was in eutrophic condition all year round. High nitrogen and phosphorus loads from surrounding agricultural land use, agro-industry, and community continuously flew into the river system. Those nutrient concentrations were higher in the early rainy season than the late rainy season. The lowest river zone (in Samut Sakhon province) indicated highest dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and orthophosphate phosphorus (P) discharges of 145.54 and 36.14 tons/day, respectively. The highest remediation efficiency of the river (ca 60% of the total input) was found in the uppermost area of Suphan Buri province. The lowest remediation efficiency (ca 12%) was found in Samut Sakhon province. From the overall view, long term monitoring of river and estuarine DIN and P should be conducted. To make better condition of aquatic environment and fishery resource in each province-based section, the controls of DIN and P remediation efficiencies (e.g. by effective management of flow speed) at 20 and 50%, respectively, were recommended.

Nutrients in Australian tropical rivers: changes with agricultural development and implications for receiving environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Brodie ◽  
Alan W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

In tropical Australia, intensive studies of river suspended sediment (SS) and nutrient dynamics have been restricted to streams on the north-east coast between the Fitzroy and Normanby Rivers (Queensland), Magela Creek/East Alligator River (Northern Territory) and the Ord River (Western Australia). Historical conditions in these rivers were probably characterised by low–moderate SS concentrations and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in flow events. Introduction of agriculture has transformed SS and nutrient dynamics. Grazing has led to soil erosion and increased SS and particulate nutrient concentrations and fluxes in event flows. Fertilised cropping has increased nutrient inputs to catchments, where it forms a substantial proportion of the catchment area. Consequently, both particulate and dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations and fluxes have increased. Australian tropical rivers have episodic flows, with most material transport occurring during large flow events. The restricted period of these highly energetic flows means little trapping of materials in waterways occurs. Loads are transported efficiently downstream and processes such as denitrification and in-channel sedimentation may be of limited importance. Owing to excessive nutrient inputs associated with agriculture, a number of northern freshwater, estuarine and coastal ecosystems are now eutrophic. Continued development, especially fertilised cropping, without adequate management of nutrient losses is likely to exacerbate these problems.

Influence of climate,geology and humans on spatial and temporal nutrient geochemistry in the subtropical Richmond River catchment, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester J. McKee ◽  
Bradley D. Eyre ◽  
Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Peter R. Pepperell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
River Catchment

Water quality was monitored on a spatial and temporal basis in the subtropical Richmond River catchment over two years. Nutrient concentrations varied seasonally in a complex manner with highest concentrations (maximum =3110 µg N L – 1 and 572 µg P L –1 ) associated with floods. However, median (444 µg N L – 1 and 55 µg P L – 1 ) concentrations were relatively low compared with other parts of the world. The forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams varied seasonally, with greater proportions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus during the wet season. Minimum nutrient concentrations were found 2—3 months after flood discharge. With the onset of the dry season, concentration increases were attributed to point sources and low river discharge. There were statistically significant relationships between geology and water quality and nutrient concentrations increased downstream and were significantly related to population density and dairy farming. In spite of varying geology and naturally higher phosphorus in soils and rocks in parts of the catchment, anthropogenic impacts had the greatest effects on water quality in the Richmond River catchment. Rainfall quality also appeared to be related both spatially and seasonally to human activity. Although the responses of the subtropical Richmond River catchment to changes in land use are similar to those of temperate systems of North America and Europe, the seasonal patterns appear to be more complex and perhaps typical of subtropical catchments dominated by agricultural land use.

scholarly journals Influence of river discharge on phytoplankton structure and nutrient concentrations in four tropical semiarid estuaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hortência de Sousa Barroso ◽  
Helena Becker ◽  
Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Phytoplankton Structure

Abstract This study evaluated changes in phytoplankton and nutrients after an increase in river discharge in four estuaries of northeastern Brazil. Samples were taken during a markedly freshwater-deprived period (Nov/2010, dry season), and during a rainy season (May/2011). While two estuaries are located in urban areas (Ceará - CE and Cocó - CO), the others are markedly freshwater-deprived (Pacoti - PAC and Pirangi - PIR). Our findings indicate that increased freshwater had opposing effects on estuaries impacted by anthropogenic discharges (CO, CE and PIR) compared with the other, less impacted (PAC). In CO and CE, the freshwater flow during the rainy period had a nutrient diluting effect and controlled phytoplankton blooms. In PIR, only phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen decreased in the rainy season. In contrast, an increase of all nutrients was observed in PAC, and of TN in PIR, followed by an increase in phytoplankton biomass. In the rainy season, eutrophic freshwater species dominated in all the estuaries. In the dry season, blooms of Cryptomonas/Rhodomonas and Synechocystis aquatilis were, respectively, observed in CE and CO. Also in the dry season, PAC and PIR had a predominance of marine species under a condition of hypersalinity. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested the variation observed for salinity, silica, and TN are the main driver of phytoplankton structure.

scholarly journals Nutrient dynamics in tropical rivers, estuarine-lagoons, and coastal ecosystems along the eastern Hainan Island

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 9091-9147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Li ◽  
S. M. Liu ◽  
Y. W. Li ◽  
G. L. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Nutrient Inputs

Abstract. Nutrient dynamics were studied along the eastern Hainan Island based on field observations during 2006–2009, to understand nutrient biogeochemical processes and to have an overview of human perturbations on coastal ecosystems in this tropical region. The concentrations of nutrients in the rivers had seasonal variations enriched with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). High riverine concentrations of nitrate were mainly originated from agricultural fertilizer input. The ratios of DIN : PO43− ranged from 37 to 1063, suggesting preferential PO43− relative to nitrogen in the rivers. The areal yields of dissolved silicate (DSi) varied from 76 to 448 × 103 mol km−2 yr−1 due to erosion over the drainage area, inducing high levels of DSi among worldwide tropical systems. Aquaculture ponds contained high concentrations of NH4+ (up to 157 μM) and DON (up to 130 μM). Particulate phosphorus concentrations (0.5 ∼1.4 μM) were in lower level comparied with estuaries around the world. Particulate silicate levels in rivers and lagoons were lower than global average level. Nutrient biogeochemistry in coastal areas were affected by human activities (e.g. aquaculture, agriculture), as well as natural events such as typhoon. Nutrient concentrations were low because open sea water dispersed land-derived nutrients. Nutrient budgets were built based on a steady-state box model, which showed that riverine fluxes would be magnified by estuarine processes (e.g. regeneration, desorption) in the Wenchanghe/Wenjiaohe Estuary, Wanquan River estuary, and the Laoyehai Lagoon except in the Xiaohai Lagoon. Riverine and groundwater input were the major sources of nutrients to the Xiaohai Lagoon and the Laiyehai Lagoon, respectively. Riverine input and aquaculture effluent were the major sources of nutrients to the eastern coastal of Hainan Island. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ecosystem can be increased by typhoon-induced runoff of rainwater, and phytoplankton bloom in the sea would be caused.

Changes in nutrient levels in some Eastern European rivers in response to large-scale changes in agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Stålnacke ◽  
S.M. Vandsemb ◽  
A. Vassiljev ◽  
A. Grimvall ◽  
G. Jolankai
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact

Since the late 1980s, the use of commercial fertilisers in most Eastern European countries has decreased at an unprecedented rate. We examined the impact of this dramatic reduction in agricultural inputs on concentrations of nutrients in four rivers in Eastern Europe: the Emajogi and Õhnejogi (Estonia), the Daugava (Latvia), and the Tisza (Hungary). Time series of nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) concentrations and data on runoff were selected to represent catchments with substantial areas of agricultural land and available time series of sufficient length and frequency. The study period was 1987-1998. We detected downward trends in nitrate-N and phosphate-P in only two of the four rivers. Our results imply that the response to the extensive decrease in agricultural intensity since the late 1980s has been slow and limited in many rivers. Corresponding results in the literature are inconclusive and comprise several examples of both decreasing and non-decreasing nutrient concentrations. Our findings, along with similar data from other studies, indicate that large cuts in nutrient inputs do not necessarily induce an immediate response, particularly in medium-sized and large catchment areas. Moreover, the difference we noted between nitrogen and phosphorus suggests that factors other than reduced fertiliser application influenced the inertia of the water quality response.

scholarly journals Nutrient dynamics in tropical rivers, lagoons, and coastal ecosystems of eastern Hainan Island, South China Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Li ◽  
S. M. Liu ◽  
Y. W. Li ◽  
G. L. Zhang ◽  
J. L. Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Rivers ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Dissolved Silicate

Abstract. Nutrient dynamics based on field observations made along the eastern Hainan Island during the period 2006–2009 were investigated to understand nutrient biogeochemical processes, and to provide an overview of human perturbations of coastal ecosystems in this tropical region. The rivers showed seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations, with enrichment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved silicate, and depletion of PO43−. High riverine concentrations of nitrate mainly originated from agricultural fertilizer inputs. The DIN : PO43− ratios ranged from 37 to 1063, suggesting preferential depletion of PO43− relative to nitrogen in rivers. Chemical weathering in the drainage area might explain the high levels of dissolved silicate. Aquaculture ponds contained high concentrations of NH4+ and dissolved organic nitrogen. The particulate phosphorus concentrations in the study area were lower than those reported for estuaries worldwide. The particulate silicate levels in rivers and lagoons were lower than the global average level. Nutrient biogeochemistry in coastal areas was affected by human activities (e.g., aquaculture, agriculture), and by natural phenomena including typhoons. The nutrient concentrations in coastal waters were low because of dispersion of land-derived nutrients in the sea. Nutrient budgets were built based on a steady-state box model, which showed that riverine fluxes are magnified by estuarine processes (e.g., regeneration, desorption) in estuaries and Laoyehai Lagoon, but not in Xiaohai Lagoon. Riverine and groundwater inputs were the major sources of nutrients to Xiaohai and Laoyehai lagoons, respectively, and riverine inputs and aquaculture effluents were the major sources for the eastern coast of Hainan Island. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ecosystem increased with typhoon-induced runoff of rainwater, elucidating the important influence of typhoons on small tropical rivers.

scholarly journals Driving Factors of Geosmin Appearance in a Mediterranean River Basin: The Ter River Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Espinosa ◽  
Meritxell Abril ◽  
Èlia Bretxa ◽  
Marta Jutglar ◽  
Sergio Ponsá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mediterranean River

In recent decades, human activity coupled with climate change has led to a deterioration in the quality of surface freshwater. This has been related to an increase in the appearance of algal blooms, which can produce organic compounds that can be toxic or can affect the organoleptic characteristics of the water, such as its taste and odor. Among these latter compounds is geosmin, a metabolite produced by certain cyanobacteria that confers an earthy taste to water and which can be detected by humans at very low concentrations (nanogram per liter). The difficulty and cost of both monitoring the presence of this compound and its treatment is a problem for drinking water treatment companies, as the appearance of geosmin affects consumer confidence in the quality of the drinking water they supply. In this field study, the evaluation of four sampling sites with different physicochemical conditions located in the upper part of the Ter River basin, a Mediterranean river located in Catalonia (NE Spain), has been carried out, with the aim of identifying the main triggers of geosmin episodes. The results, obtained from 1 year of sampling, have made it possible to find out that: (i) land uses with a higher percentage of agricultural and industrial activity are related to high nutrient conditions in river water, (ii) these higher nutrient concentrations favor the development of benthic cyanobacteria, (iii) in late winter–early spring, when these cyanobacteria are subjected to both an imbalance of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus ratio, guided by a phosphorus concentration increase, and to cold–mild temperatures close to 10°C, they produce and release geosmin, and (iv) 1–2 weeks after cyanobacteria reach a high relative presence in the whole biofilm, an increase in geosmin concentration in water is observed, probably associated with the cyanobacteria detachment from cobbles and consequent cell lysis. These results could serve as a guide for drinking water treatment companies, indicating under what conditions they can expect the appearance of geosmin episodes and implement the appropriate treatment before it reaches consumers’ tap.

Unravelling the river morphological – flood pattern linkages in Ayeyarwady River Basin, Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Matheswaran ◽  
Dhyey Bhatpuria ◽  
Thanapon Piman
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Morphological Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
River System ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Economic Implications

<p>The Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar is one of the last free flowing large rivers in the Southeast Asian region. It hosts some of key biodiversity hotspots in the Indo-Burma conservation corridor. River impoundments are restricted mainly in the small tributaries, allowing natural flow regime in the main channel. It also serves as one of main transportation River morphological change and extreme floods events are common occurrence in the basin owing to seasonal dynamics imparted by monsoonal rainfall in river flow and sediment patterns</p><p> </p><p>Such yearly morphologically change pose threat to thousands of villages located along the banks of the Ayeyarwady River in addition to the risk faced by agricultural land and navigation routes. In addition, the interconnections between hydrology, morphological change and flood patterns of Ayeyarwady River has be rarely studied with the aim of supporting decision making and influencing policy change. This critical knowledge gap can aid in providing vital information towards integrated management of the Ayeyarwady River system for multiple uses and users.</p><p> </p><p>Using a suite of remote sensing-based monitoring tools and hydrological models we assess the interconnections between the biophysical features of the Ayeyarwady River Basin driving the river morphological change. Using long term remote sensing data (Landsat), we assess morphological change at various time scales (seasonal, yearly, decadal and long term) to identify reach hotspots within the river to categorize the risk from erosion. Erosion and deposition rates as well as channel migration rates were estimated for the entire river length seasonally. The erosion estimates are consistently larger than the deposition rates in recent years, which are in line with the observed widening of channel at different reaches. We aggregated Landsat and MODIS based flood maps to create a long-term time series covering entire Ayeyarwady Basin. A lumped hydrologic model was used to assess the historical (1989 to 2019) flow dynamics within the river system.</p><p>One key conclusion is that, there exists a strong relation between the reaches prone to large morphological change and high to medium flood risk areas within the basin. In Ayeyarwady, the management of river morphological change and flood management are undertaken separately. The outcome of this study provides a key knowledge base emphasizing that river morphological change and flood patterns are strongly correlated and need to managed as an interrelated problems. The flow patterns and sediment budgets of the Ayeyarwady River are undergoing change from the intensifying anthropogenic activities such as upstream landuse change, which are likely to affect the river morphological hotspots. We further assessed the potential for using “room for river” concept to manage morphological hotspots by estimate the economic implications of converting productive agricultural lands adjacent to the riverbanks into forested sections to drive the policy thinking towards adopting nature based solutions for better channel management.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Forest, Pasture, Tea and Cropped Farms along the Nyondo River Basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Omolo Paul Ochieng ◽  
Andrew Nderitu ◽  
Harun Odhiambo ◽  
David M. Kamau
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Short Rainy Season

The widespread poor agricultural practices and ancient technologies continuously aggravate erosion of sediments and soil nutrients from delicate terrains at the major catchments of water shades. The ongoing study is assessing soil and nutrient losses in the four major land use covers (forest, pasture, tea and maize farms) in the upper catchment of Nyondo River Basin. The study sites in the upper catchment of Nyondo River Basin are densely populated and receive bimodal rains that support agriculture which is the main economic activity supporting livelihoods of the communities in the region. The experiment is laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with each of the land use covers replicated 3 times with erosion traps mounted on 150 m2 plots. First data set was collected during the short rainy season of 2019 and long rainy season of 2020, with subsequent data collection continuing up to the short rainy season of 2021. Preliminary results showed that soil and nutrients were significantly lost in maize fields (p=0.05), forest cover was the least vulnerable while pasture cover had the highest surface runoff. Nutrient concentrations in the eroded sediments (p=0.05) were significantly higher than those that remained in maize plot while forest and tea fields registered comparable effectiveness in reducing both soil and nutrient losses, seasons notwithstanding. Pasture and maize fields had the highest water loss due to low infiltration rate and were also vulnerable to sediment and nutrients loss through surface runoff. The information will be used to inform and advise stake holders on land use policies geared towards attainment of sustainable agriculture and water quality in Nyondo and areas with similar landscapes and agricultural practices. Keywords: Erosion; Sediment; Nutrients; Land use

scholarly journals Estimating groundwater inputs from Sankarabarani River Basin, South India to the Bay of Bengal evaluated by Radium (226Ra) and nutrient fluxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Saravanan G ◽  
Ponnumani G ◽  
Rajesh Kanna A ◽  
Srinivasamoorthy K ◽  
Prakash R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Tidal Variation ◽  
North East ◽  
Tidal Variations

Sankarabarani river basin gains significance due to presence of major industrial, agricultural, urban development and tourist related activities has influenced the water quality in the estuarine environment.  Investigations about river water quality has been attempted but not more studies focus about the evaluation of groundwater discharge a significant process that connects groundwater and the coastal seawater have been attempted.  For the present study, radium (226Ra) a naturally occurring isotope was measured at three locations and used as effective tracers for estimating the groundwater discharge along with nutrient inputs to the Bay. Groundwater samples representing north east monsoon (December, 2017) has been collected during tidal variation in three locations (Location A- away from the coast towards inland, Location B-intermediate between Location A and the coast and Location C-at the estuary). 226Ra mass balance calculated groundwater fluxes irrespective of tidal variations were 2.27×108 m3/d, 2.19×108 m3/d and 5.22×107m3/d for A, B and C locations respectively. The nutrients like Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved inorganic Phosphate (DIP) and Dissolved Silica (DSi) were found to be influencing the coastal groundwater by contributing fluxes to the sea of about 679.33 T mol/day. The study suggests increasing radium and nutrient fluxes to the Bay altering the coastal ecosystems would result in surplus algal blooms creating hypoxia.

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