Hydraulic and treatment performance of pervious pavements under variable drying and wetting regimes

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Yong ◽  
A. Deletic ◽  
T. D. Fletcher ◽  
M. R. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Treatment Performance

Pervious pavements are an effective stormwater treatment technology. However, their performance under variable drying and wetting conditions have yet to be tested, particularly under a continuous time scale. This paper reports on the clogging behaviour and pollutant removal efficiency of three pervious pavement types over 26 accelerated years. These pavements were monolithic porous asphalt (PA), Permapave (PP) and modular Hydrapave (HP). Over a cycle of 13 days, the period of which was equivalent to the average annual Brisbane, Australia rainfall (1,200 mm), the pavements were randomly dosed with four different flows. Drying events of 3 h duration were simulated during each flow. Inflow and outflow samples were collected and analysed for Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Total Nitrogen (TN). To evaluate the rate of clogging, a 1 in 5 year Brisbane storm event was simulated in the 6th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th and 24th week. Under normal dosing conditions, none of the pavements showed signs of clogging even after 15 years. However, under storm conditions, both PA and HP started to clog after 12 years, while PP showed no signs of clogging after 26 years. The drying and various flow events showed no effects in TSS removal, with all systems achieving a removal of approximately 100%. The average TP removal was 20% for all flows except for low flow, which had a significant amount of leaching over time. Leaching from TN was also observed during all flows except high flow. The TSS, TP and TN results observed during storm events were similar to that of high flow.

Hydraulic and pollutant removal performance of stormwater filters under variable wetting and drying regimes

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Hatt ◽  
T.D. Fletcher ◽  
A. Deletic
Keyword(s):  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Drying Regime

Biofiltration systems are an effective stormwater treatment technology. However, their robustness is yet to be tested, particularly their performance following extended dry periods. The hydraulic and treatment performance of five different non-vegetated, soil-based filters under varying periods of inundation and drying was assessed. The infiltration capacity of the filters decreased during wet periods and increased following dry periods, most probably due to swelling and shrinkage of the filter media. Treatment of sediment, heavy metals and phosphorus was not influenced by the wetting and drying regime. However, outflow concentrations of nitrogen were significantly higher upon re-wetting following extended dry periods compared with wet periods. This result has implications for current design practices, as these nitrogen pulses could negatively impact the ecological health of downstream receiving waters.

Statistical and Data Mining Techniques for Understanding Water Quality Profiles in a Mining-Affected River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Simmonds ◽  
Juan A. Gómez ◽  
Agapito Ledezma
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Inverse Relation

This article contains a multivariate analysis (MV), data mining (DM) techniques and water quality index (WQI) metrics which were applied to a water quality dataset from three water quality monitoring stations in the Petaquilla River Basin, Panama, to understand the environmental stress on the river and to assess the feasibility for drinking. Principal Components and Factor Analysis (PCA/FA), indicated that the factors which changed the quality of the water for the two seasons differed. During the low flow season, water quality showed to be influenced by turbidity (NTU) and total suspended solids (TSS). For the high flow season, main changes on water quality were characterized by an inverse relation of NTU and TSS with electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorides (Cl), followed by sources of agricultural pollution. To complement the MV analysis, DM techniques like cluster analysis (CA) and classification (CLA) was applied and to assess the quality of the water for drinking, a WQI.

Water quality improvement in a small stormwater detention pond

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. R. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Linear Profiles ◽  
Detention Pond

The aim of this study was to investigate a small open detention pond predominantly receiving stormwater drainage from a highway. The results showed a difference in pollutant removal characteristics. Particle-associated pollutants were effectively removed during storm events as indicated by EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) while dissolved pollutants were not effectively removed. Outflow pollutant loads followed linear profiles when seven consecutive storm events were represented as cumulative graphs. PEMC's (Partial EMC's) during a storm event showed an association between the specific surface area of small particles and lead content. A detention pond should be designed according to capacity to detain the complete storm volume, thus avoiding short-circuiting of the pond by pollutants.

Innovative Stormwater Treatment Implementation at Parking Lot in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 2718-2721
Author(s):  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Anthony N. Tafuri ◽  
Richard Field ◽  
Shaw L. Yu ◽  
Wen Bin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
Parking Lot

Xikeng Reservoir is one of the major water supply reservoirs in Shenzhen. The water quality of Xikeng Reservoir has been poor, with much of the pollution coming from nonpoint sources. An innovative low impact development type of BMP called the BioBox was used at the Administration Building parking lot location, as a research site and demonstration project to show how small alterations to parking lot designs can dramatically decrease pollutant loads. Manual samples were collected during storm events and analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS); five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5); ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP). In summary, the ranges of removal rates of the BioBox are: TSS 70% - 90%; BOD5 20% - 50%, and ammonia and phosphorus 30% - 70%. The BioBox system effectively reduced the concentrations of pollutants in the parking lot runoff.

Effects of runoff from land clearing and urban development on the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates in pool areas of a river

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
ID Hogg ◽  
RH Norris
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
River Monitoring ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Density

We examined the effects of runoff from urban land clearing and development on the macroinvertebrate pool fauna of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia, over 1 year. Tuggeranong Creek, which flows through the urban development, often recorded higher instantaneous (storm) discharges than did the Murrumbidgee River. Monitoring of suspended solids during one storm event revealed high concentrations of suspended solids (max. 560 mg L-1) entering the Murrumbidgee River for an 8 h period. Such concentrations were not detected by regular two-monthly sampling, although concentrations were generally higher downstream of Tuggeranong Creek. Analysis of substratum particle size revealed a higher proportion of fine inorganic material (<250 pm) at stations downstream of Tuggeranong Creek, suggesting a settling of fine material discharged during storm events. Number of taxa and macroinvertebrate density were lower at downstream stations. We conclude that the deposition of fine inorganic sediment following storm events, and the resulting change in the composition of the substratum, was the major cause of low invertebrate numbers in pools downstream of the cleared catchment.

scholarly journals Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Bernal ◽  
Andrea Butturini ◽  
Francesc Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Hydrological Responses ◽  
Antecedent Moisture ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Antecedent Moisture Conditions

Abstract. Severe drought periods followed by intense rainfall often leads to major floods in Mediterranean catchments. The resulting hydrology is complex and the response of solutes in the streams is often unpredictable. This study aimed to identify the most relevant factors controlling the hydrological responses to storms of an intermittent Mediterranean stream and to link those factors with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate during storm events. Measurements of climate, hydrology, DOC and nitrate concentrations during 26 storm events over three hydrological years were analysed. The contribution of the storm events to the total DOC and nitrate annual export was also calculated. Nitrate was mainly mobilised during high flow, while most of the DOC export occurred during baseflow. Solute concentrations peaked after drought periods and the solute export was maximal during the largest rainfalls (i.e. > 100 L m-2). One single large storm contributed some 22% of the total annual export of DOC, and about 80% of that of nitrate. Discharge was a good predictor of neither DOC nor nitrate responses, so variables other than discharge were considered. Factor Analysis was used to identify the main factors controlling the biogeochemical responses. Antecedent moisture conditions and the magnitude of the storm event were the most relevant factors and accounted for 63% of the total variance. Solute responses during high flow were highly variable. However, solute concentration changes showed a significant and moderate relationship with the factors controlling the hydrological responses (i.e. Δ DOC v. the antecedent moisture conditions and Δ NO3-N v. the magnitude of the storm event). Keywords: dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, Mediterranean, drought, Fuirosos catchment, storms

scholarly journals Remediation of Stormwater Pollutants by Porous Asphalt Pavement

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Jayakaran ◽  
Thorsten Knappenberger ◽  
John Stark ◽  
Curtis Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Pollutant Discharge

Porous Asphalt (PA) pavements are an increasingly adopted tool in the green stormwater infrastructure toolbox to manage stormwater in urbanized watersheds across the United States. This technology has seen particular interest in western Washington State, where permeable pavements are recognized as an approved best management practice per the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) municipal stormwater permit. Stormwater effluent concentrations from six PA cells were compared with runoff concentrations from three standard impervious asphalt cells to quantify pollutant removal efficiencies by porous asphalt systems. Additionally, the effects of maintenance and pavement age on pollutant removal efficiencies were examined. Twelve natural and artificial storms were examined over a five-year period. Street dirt and pollutant spikes were added to the pavements prior to some storm events to simulate high loading conditions. Results from this work show that porous asphalt pavements are highly efficient at removing particulate pollutants, specifically coarse sediments (98.7%), total Pb ( 98.4%), total Zn (97.8%), and total suspended solids (93.4%). Dissolved metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) were not significantly removed. Removal efficiencies for total Pb, total Zn, motor oil, and diesel H. improved with the age of the system. Annual maintenance of the pavements with a regenerative air street sweeper did not yield significant pollutant removal efficiency differences between maintained and unmaintained PA cells.

Heavy metals in waters and sediments of Port Phillip Bay, Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Fabris ◽  
C. A. Monahan ◽  
G. E. Batley
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Sediment

Despite significant inputs of heavy metals from rivers, creeks and drains and a major sewage treatment plant to Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia, attenuation processes in the water column are such that metal concentrations in the bay waters are comparable to uncontaminated estuaries elsewhere in the world. Sedimentation appeared to be largely responsible for metal removal, with strong correlations between particulate metals and iron in input waters sampled over a storm event. Storm events contributed between 9 (Zn) and 21 (Cr) times the metal loads that enter the bay during low flow conditions. Although metal accumulations in sediments are below guideline concentrations in the major deposition zones, they are highest close to input sources. A unique feature of bay waters was the high concentration of dissolved arsenic (2.8 µg L–1). The source appears to be natural sediment mineralogy, and sediment cores were found to be depleted in arsenic near the sedimentŒwater interface. Overall, the findings suggested that current heavy metal inputs do not represent a threat to the health of the bay.

Suspended solids transport: an analysis based on turbidity measurements and event based fully calibrated hydrodynamic models

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Langeveld ◽  
R.G. Veldkamp ◽  
F. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Solids Transport ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Measuring Network ◽  
Fluvial Environments

Modelling suspended solids transport is a key issue for predicting the pollution load discharged by CSOs. Nonetheless, there is still much debate on the main drivers for suspended solids transport and on the modelling approach to be adopted. Current sewer models provide suspended solids transport models. These models, however, rely upon erosion–deposition criteria developed in fluvial environments, therewith oversimplifying the sewer sediment characteristics. Consequently, the performance of these models is poor from a theoretical point of view. To get an improved understanding of the temporal and spatial variations in suspended solids transport, a measuring network was installed in the sewer system of Loenen in conjunction with a hydraulic measuring network from June through December 2001. During the measuring period, 15 storm events rendered high-quality data on both the hydraulics and the turbidity. For each storm event, a hydrodynamic model was calibrated using the Clemens' method. The conclusion of the paper is that modelling of suspended solids transport has been and will be one of the challenges in the field of urban drainage modelling. A direct relation of either shear stress or flow velocity with turbidity could not be found, likely because of the time varying characteristics of the suspended solids.

The Removal of Urban Pollutants by Constructed Wetlands During Wet Weather

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. L. Scholes ◽  
R. B. E. Shutes ◽  
D. M. Revitt ◽  
D. Purchase ◽  
M. Forshaw
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Environment Agency

The Environment Agency for England and Wales has developed urban runoff treatment wetlands at two selected sites in Outer London. The systems were monitored for a range of determinands including heavy metals, suspended solids and BOD. Initial analysis of the data indicates that during dry weather, removal efficiencies vary greatly. However, during storm events removal efficiencies are higher with mean values of 71% for Zn, 72% for Cd, 69% for Pb, 66% for Cu, 34% for Ni and 81% for Cr at the Dagenham wetland. Mean removal efficiencies of 20% for Cd, 40% for Pb, 36% for Cu, 34% for Ni and 38% for Cr were monitored during storm conditions at the Brentwood wetland, but an overall increase in Zn was measured. Removal of BOD was greater at both sites during storm events with mean removal efficiencies of 24% and 29% at Dagenham and Brentwood, respectively. Suspended solids are reduced on passing through both wetlands during dry weather, but, during storm events there is an overall increase. The metal removal capability of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis is being investigated. Laboratory experiments are assessing the efficiency of two metal tolerant strains to accumulate Pb and Zn. It is believed that this ability may prove to be an important year-round pollutant removal process in the treatment of urban runoff by constructed wetland treatment systems, and preliminary data are presented.

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