Review on the fate of organic micropollutants in wastewater treatment and water reuse with membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Siegrist ◽  
A. Joss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Dense Membrane ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Receiving Waters

A brief review of the fate of micropollutants in membrane-based wastewater treatment due to sorption, stripping, biological degradation/transformation and membrane separation is discussed, to give an overview of these technologies due to the growing importance for water reuse purposes. Compared with conventional activated sludge treatment (CAS) micropollutant removal in membrane bioreactor (MBR) is slightly improved due to complete suspended solids removal and increased sludge age. For discharge to sensitive receiving waters advanced treatment, such as post-ozonation or activated carbon adsorption, is recommended. In water reuse plants nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) efficiently reject micropollutants due to size exclusions as well as electrostatic and hydrophobic effects reaching potable quality. To remove micropollutants fully, additionally post-ozone or the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) have to be applied, which in parallel also reduce NDMA precursors. The concentrate has to be treated if disposed to sensitive receiving waters due to its high micropollutant concentration and ecotoxicity potential. The present review summarizes principles and capabilities for the most important membrane-based applications for wastewater treatment, i.e. porous membranes in MBRs (micro- or ultrafiltration) and dense membrane applications (NF and RO) for water reuse.

Treatment of High-Strength, Complex and Toxic Chemical Wastewater: End-of Pipe “Best Available Technology” vs. an In-Plant Control Program

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shimshon Belkin ◽  
Asher Brenner ◽  
Alon Lebel ◽  
Aharon Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Control Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Best Available Technology ◽  
Available Technology

A case study is presented, in which two approaches to the treatment of complex chemical wastewater are experimentally compared: an end-of-pipe “best available technology” option and an in-plant source segregation program. Both options proved to be feasible. Application of the powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT™) process for the combined end-of-pipe stream yielded up to 93% reduction of dissolved organic carbon, with complete toxicity elimination. In order to examine the potential for applying a conventional activated sludge process, a simplified laboratory screening procedure was devised, aimed at establishing baseline data of removability potential, defined either by biodegradation, activated carbon adsorption or volatilization. Using this procedure, the major source of the non-biodegradable fraction in the combined park's wastewater was traced to a single factory, from which twelve individual source streams were screened. The results allowed the division of the tested sources into three groups: degradable, volatile, and problematic. A modified wastewater segregation and treatment program was accordingly proposed, which should allow an efficient and environmentally acceptable solution. This program is presently at its final testing stages, at the conclusion of which a full comparison between the two approaches will be carried out.

GAC Adsorption of Ozonated Secondary Textile Effluents for Industrial Water Reuse

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bergna ◽  
Roberto Bianchi ◽  
Francesca Malpei
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Textile Finishing

The paper presents the results obtained at laboratory, pilot and demonstrative scale with granular activated carbon adsorption as a mean to obtain effluent suitable as water supply for textile finishing industries, that require very stringent limits in terms of COD and colour removal. Laboratory scale tests evidenced that the specific carbon adsorption capacity, both for COD and colour, is highest for a sand-filtered + clariflocculated effluent and lowest for the sand-filtered + ozonated secondary effluent. Pilot and demonstrative scale tests were performed on three filters (0.3, 0.3 and 20 m3 of GAC each) fed with the full scale ozonated secondary effluent.

scholarly journals Detection and Treatment Methods for Perfluorinated Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-hwa Lee ◽  
Yeon-jung Cho ◽  
Miran Lee ◽  
Byung-Dae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Operating Rate ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Effluent ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

We surveyed the variation in perfluorinated compound (PFC) concentrations entering urban wastewater treatment plants and then designed an optimal PFCs treatment method based on a pilot test. The PFCs influent concentration was found to be affected by the types of industries and operating rate. The concentration of PFCs in the wastewater treatment effluent was slightly lower than that of the influent. Thus, PFCs had not been adequately removed by the existing biological treatments. The pilot test results showed that about 10% of PFCs was removed by coagulation and precipitation, and the ozone and chlorine test showed that few, if any, PFCs were removed regardless of the oxidant dose. The activated carbon adsorption test showed that the removal significantly increased with empty bed contact time, with about a 60% removal in five minutes and over 90% removal in over 15 minutes. Therefore, a more stable and higher PFCs removal would result from continuous oxidation processes, such as ozone and adsorption processes involving activated carbon, rather than a single biological treatment.

Test Study on Combined Process of Clarification-Adsorption-Membrane Separation for Chemical Agent VX Polluted Surface Water Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1457-1460
Author(s):  
Xiao Jie Wang ◽  
Hong Wei Zhang ◽  
En Feng Chen ◽  
Yun Zhe Ji
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Combined Process ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Test Study

t developed test devices and carried out test adopting combined process ofclarification-adsorption-membrane separationtargeted at surface water which was polluted by chemical agent VX. Investigation on purification effects of sand filtration, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, activated carbon adsorption and reverse osmosis was implemented in sections. It also researched on working principles of each section. Furthermore, comparative study has been made for adsorption performance of coaly granular activated carbon and that of shell activated carbon. The results show that the combined process can remove effectively simulation agent in water and the outlet quality complies with requirements of relevant standards.

scholarly journals Clustering micropollutants based on initial biotransformations for improved prediction of micropollutant removal during conventional activated sludge treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Kathrin Fenner ◽  
Damian E. Helbling
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Micropollutant Removal

The lack of fundamental insights on the fate of micropollutants during activated sludge treatment presents one of the biggest challenges in optimizing their removal in wastewater treatment plants.

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