Biogas desulfurization and biogas upgrading using a hybrid membrane system – modeling study

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Makaruk ◽  
M. Miltner ◽  
M. Harasek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
High Hydrogen

Membrane gas permeation using glassy membranes proved to be a suitable method for biogas upgrading and natural gas substitute production on account of low energy consumption and high compactness. Glassy membranes are very effective in the separation of bulk carbon dioxide and water from a methane-containing stream. However, the content of hydrogen sulfide can be lowered only partially. This work employs process modeling based upon the finite difference method to evaluate a hybrid membrane system built of a combination of rubbery and glassy membranes. The former are responsible for the separation of hydrogen sulfide and the latter separate carbon dioxide to produce standard-conform natural gas substitute. The evaluation focuses on the most critical upgrading parameters like achievable gas purity, methane recovery and specific energy consumption. The obtained results indicate that the evaluated hybrid membrane configuration is a potentially efficient system for the biogas processing tasks that do not require high methane recoveries, and allows effective desulfurization for medium and high hydrogen sulfide concentrations without additional process steps.

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy wykorzystania biogazu jako nośnika energii do zastosowań stacjonarnych i środków transportu

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Biernat ◽  
Izabela Różnicka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Both governmental and international programs support the promotion of biofuels and aim to increase the limit of renewable energy used in the fuel energy balance. Biogas is produced during the anaerobic methane fermentationprocess and it is known as a significant source of renewable energy, contributing to agriculture and environmental protection. Three types of biogas can be distinguished: biogas from sewage sludge, biogas collected from land`fils, andagricultural biogas. There are several possibilities of using upgraded biogas. Biogas can be used in cogeneration systems to provide heat and electricity, in transportation as a motor fuel and in the production of biohydrogen. Biogas upgrading process leads to a product which is characterized by the same parameters as compressed natural gas. Direct biogas use in the production of hydrogen is possible because of prior purification from traces like hydrogen sulfide, except carbon dioxide, by which the reaction can proceed in the desired manner.

scholarly journals First-principles microkinetic study of methane and hydrogen sulfide catalytic conversion to methanethiol/dimethyl sulfide on Mo6S8 clusters: activity/selectivity of different promoters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 4573-4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Arvidsson ◽  
William Taifan ◽  
Anders Hellman ◽  
Jonas Baltrusaitis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Catalytic Conversion ◽  
Sour Gas

A large fraction of the global natural gas reserves is in the form of sour gas, i.e. contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and needs to be sweetened before utilization.

Supersonic separation technology for carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide removal from natural gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 125689
Author(s):  
Xuewen Cao ◽  
Dan Guo ◽  
Wenjuan Sun ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Gaoya Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Sulfide Removal ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Removal

Reducing Energy Consumption for Seawater Desalination through the Application of Reflux-Recycle Concepts from Oil Refining

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 1456-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Ting ◽  
H.T. Ng ◽  
H.C. Li
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Membrane Processes

The application of the concepts in oil and gas distillation to membrane desalination process to lower the energy cost for seawater desalination was studied in this paper. Drawing on the close analogy between multistage RO and conventional distillation separation processes, a hybrid membrane processes employing reflux and recycle concepts was developed. Reflux in membrane processes involves taking a portion of the effluent stream on the high pressure side and sending it to the low pressure side of the membrane, while recycle involves taking a portion of the permeate stream on the low pressure side and sending it to the high pressure side of the membrane. A predictive model was developed to study the effect of reflux and recycle on the specific energy consumption (SEC) and permeate quality when compared to conventional systems. In this study, the water permeability coefficients of membranes and brine recycle ratios were investigated. The results show that the SEC for a hybrid membrane processes comprising of RO and NF membrane was lower than conventional methods with the same recovery and feed concentration, suggesting that it is feasible to apply reflux and recycle concepts of distillation on desalination. Through the careful selection of RO membranes and NF membranes, benefits of reflux and recycle can be enjoyed for seawater desalination.

scholarly journals Performance of a small solar-powered hybrid membrane system for remote communities under varying feedwater salinities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Schäfer ◽  
C. Remy ◽  
B.S. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Hybrid Membrane ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Solar Powered

An estimated 1 billion people are living both without access to clean drinking water or electricity. The small photovoltaic (PV)-powered hybrid membrane system described here is designed to address the plight of some of these people. PV and membrane technologies are chosen due to suitability for operation in remote and often harsh conditions. An ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is included to remove bacteria and most pathogens, while a reverse osmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane desalinates the brackish feedwater. Several parameters were examined in order to optimise the system performance, including (i) feed salt concentration, (ii) operating pressure, (iii) system recovery, (iv) specific energy consumption (SEC, kWh/m3), and (v) salt retention. In addition, experiments were performed over a whole day to determine system performance under varying levels of solar radiation. The minimum SEC (relatively high due to the current single-pass mode of operation) varies from 5.5 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 1 g/L salt to 26 kWh/m3 at a feed concentration of 7.5 g/L salt, which is the upper limit of the system in terms of salt concentration.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in asphalt plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e7
Author(s):  
Maicon Basso dos Santos ◽  
Jefferson Candido ◽  
Sofia De Souza Baulé ◽  
Yuri Mello Müller de Oliveira ◽  
Liseane Padilha Thives
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Measurement Protocol

Hot-mix asphalt used in pavement layers is produced by asphalt plants. In Brazil, despite the fact that these industrial units produce greenhouse gases, no control or measurement protocol has yet been established. This study aims to quantify emissions in different asphalt plants, in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) and energy consumption. Asphalt plants were selected according to their type (batch or drum mix); production capacity (80 to 340 t/h), and whether mobile or fixed. In each plant, emissions were quantified and the energy consumption spent on drying and heating aggregates in the dryer drum was evaluated. The fuels used in the drier drum such as low pour point (LPP) oil, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas (NG) were evaluated and compared. The methodology consisted of surveying the thermal power of the dryer drum specified on the suppliers' catalog to calculate the volume of fuel required per ton of asphalt mixture produced. Based on the criterion of the lower calorific value of each fuel, the volume of fuel used was calculated according to the production of the asphalt plants. Through the GHC protocol tool, the quantification of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases was obtained, and then transformed into CO2eq emissions. As a result, lower energy consumption was observed in the mobile batch plants and higher consumption in the mobile counterflow drum mix plants. On average, 27.69% less energy per ton of processed aggregate was needed compared to the mobile counterflow plants. The use of natural gas in the dryer drum and for all plant models was the least emissive fuel. The results showed that for the mobile batch type with a capacity of 140 t/h, the emission was 13.62 kg of CO2eq / t. On the other hand, with the mobile counterflow type with a capacity of 200 t/h, 13.64 kg of CO2eq/t was produced. Finally, with the fixed counterflow type with a production capacity of 240 t/h and 300 t/h, emissions of 13.67 kg of CO2eq/t were obtained. Through this study, the mobile batch plant with a capacity of 140 t/h using natural gas showed the least environmental impact. When natural gas was used, this model obtained energy consumption and emissions 54.5% lower than the mobile counterflow model with a capacity of 50 t/h which showed the worst environmental performance.

scholarly journals Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycles for Concentrated Solar Power Plants: A Possible Alternative for Solar Desalination

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Rafael González-Almenara ◽  
Pablo Rodríguez de Arriba ◽  
Francesco Crespi ◽  
David Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This manuscript investigates the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle employed in the power block of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants—solar tower—as an alternative for solar desalination, developed with either distillation or reverse osmosis. This concept is investigated as a possible up-scaling of the SOLMIDEFF project, originally based on a hot-air micro gas turbine combined with a solar dish collector. For the upscaled concept, five different sCO2 cycles are considered, chosen amongst the best-performing configurations proposed in the literature for CSP applications, and modelled with Thermoflex software. The influence of ambient conditions is studied, considering two minimum cycle temperatures (35 °C and 50 °C), corresponding to Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Abu Dhabi, respectively. The results show that the low temperatures at the inlet of the heat rejection unit compromise the viability of distillation technologies. On the other hand, the high thermal efficiency achieved by these cycles, especially with the recompression and partial cooling layouts, reduces the specific energy consumption when combined with reverse osmosis (RO), below that of photovoltaic (PV)+RO. Feed-water preheating is explored as a solution to further reduce energy consumption, concluding that its actual interest is not clear and strongly depends on the location considered and the corresponding water quality standards.

scholarly journals Water Scrubbing for Removal of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) in Biogas from Manure

KnE Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufidatul Islamiyah ◽  
Totok Soehartanto ◽  
Ridho Hantoro ◽  
Arif Abdurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Basic Ingredient ◽  
Biogas Purification

<p>Purifying biogas from CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide) needs to be done to improve the quality of the biogas in the fuel. The presence of H2S in biogas can cause corrosive to the equipment, in addition to this, H2S is also dangerous for human and animal health. CO2 contained in Biogas is also an impurity that can cause corrosive beside H2S so the contained in biogas is also an impurity that can cause corrosive, so the purification process needs to be done in order to qualify biogas as natural gas which environmentally friendly and safe for health. The basic ingredient of biogas purification using water scrubbers base ingredients are water, which flowed pressurized biogas purification column from the bottom, of the column in order to reduce CO2 and H2S gases. The result of purification by using this method was that the levels of H2S in biogas reduced by 32.8 % while the CO2 content decreased by 21.2 %. It can be concluded that the H2S gas more soluble in the water compared with CO2, as H2S gas has higher efficiency removal from CO2. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: biogas; carbon dioxide; hydrogen sulfide, waters scrubber</p>

scholarly journals Centrifugal separation of liquid carbon dioxide from natural gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Veselin Batalovic ◽  
Dusan Danilovic ◽  
Marija Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Centrifugal Separation ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

Natural gas is becoming more and more a commodity in the global energy consumption. New technologies like the conversion from gas to liquid, contribute to this. But more than 16 % of the currently known global gas reserves cannot be produced due to severe CO2 and/or H2S contamination: (CO2 > 10% and H2S> 5%). The traditional technology of amine treatment is not able to economically remove these contaminants. The objective of this article is to investigate the possibilities of centrifugal separation to resolve the problem. After analyzing the existing situation, in the centrifugal separation of natural gas, some innovations in separators design and theory are suggested. The aim of the presented theoretical considerations is that the complex theory of separation to adapt to the needs of engineers engaged on the design, development and operation of these devices.

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