Specific energy consumption of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for sewage treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Krzeminski ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Jules B. van Lier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Area

This paper provides an overview of current electric energy consumption of full-scale municipal MBR installations based on literature review and case studies. Energy requirements of several MBRs were linked to operational parameters and reactor performance. Total and specific energy consumption data were analysed on a long-term basis with special attention given to treated flow, design capacity, membrane area and effluent quality. The specific energy consumption of an MBR system is dependent on many factors, such as system design and layout, volume of treated flow, membrane utilization and operational strategy. Operation at optimal flow conditions results in a low specific energy consumption and energy efficient process. Energy consumption of membrane related modules was in the range of 0.5–0.7 kWh/m3 and specific energy consumption for membrane aeration in flat sheet (FS) was 33–37% higher than in a hollow fibre (HF) system. Aeration is a major energy consumer, often exceeding 50% share of total energy consumption. In consequence, coarse bubble aeration applied for continuous membrane cleaning remains the main target for energy saving actions. Also, a certain potential for energy optimization without immediate danger of affecting the quality of the produced effluent was observed.

scholarly journals Specific Energy Consumption of a Belt Conveyor System in a Continuous Surface Mine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Kawalec ◽  
Natalia Suchorab ◽  
Martyna Konieczna-Fuławka ◽  
Robert Król
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Belt Conveyor ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption

Belt conveyor (BC) transportation systems are considered to be the most effective for handling large volumes of bulk material. With regards to the rules of sustainable development, the improvement of belt conveyor technology is, in many cases, focused on environmental issues, which include the idea of energy usage optimization. The key issue in an energy-efficient transportation system is reducing the value of specific energy consumption (SEC) by increasing conveyor capacity whilst decreasing belt conveyor motion resistance. The main idea of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the modernization of existing belt conveyor transportation systems operated in open-pit lignite mines, in order to achieve relatively small electric energy consumption for a considered transportation task. The first part of the paper investigates the relationship between a conveyor’s SEC and material flow rate for various conveyor design parameters. Then, based on multi-parameter simulations, an analysis of electric energy consumption for a belt conveyor transportation system is carried out. Finally, an energy-saving, environmentally friendly solution is presented.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency in the zeolite impact crushing plant of San Andrés (Holguín, Cuba)

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (193) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
José Ramón Hechavarría-Pérez ◽  
Alfredo L. Coello-Velazquez ◽  
Fernando Daniel Robles Proenza ◽  
Juan María Menendez-Aguado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Impact Crushing ◽  
San Andres ◽  
Crushing Plant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present work deals with the impact crusher energy efficiency at San Andres Zeolitic Plant. Varying the operational parameters levels (rotor velocity, hammer row number and crusher capacity) were carried up two experimental series: First series was aimed to obtain the influence of the operational parameters on the power consumed by the crusher motor; the second series evaluated the crusher specific energy consumption behavior. First series empirical model obtained describes the influence of operational parameters on power consumption. Also the relationship among specific energy consumption and crusher speed and capacity were obtained. The most efficient operational regimen corresponded to 1100 rpm of the rotor velocity, 2 hammer row numbers and 15 t/h of crusher capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kinerja Efisiensi Energi Mesin Bubut Melalui Penilaian Indikasi Specific Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
HERMAN BUDI HARJA ◽  
MOHAMMAD FAUZI ◽  
ASEP FATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Belt Transmission

ABSTRAKKondisi ketidakselarasan sistem transmisi pulley-belt pada mesin bubut berpengaruh terhadap nilai inefisiensi konsumsi energi mesin perkakas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian evaluasi kinerja efisiensi energi mesin bubut pada kondisi sistem transmisi pulley-belt mesin yang selaras dan tidak selaras. Kajian ini menggunakan metoda penilaian indikasi specific energy consumption (SEC) dari proses pemesinan bubut. Nilai total konsumsi energi saat proses pemotongan diukur menggunakan power analyzer, dan diolah menjadi nilai data SEC, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis untuk mendapatkan harga referensi. Penilaian skor penurunan energi setiap mesin diperoleh dengan membandingkan jarak nilai SEC setiap mesin terhadap nilai referensi. Obyek penelitian menggunakan lima buah mesin bubut uji berkapasitas daya medium. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi ketidakselarasan sistem transmisi pulley-belt menyebabkan terjadinya inefisiensi energi mesin bubut sebesar 5%.Kata kunci: Data Envelopment Analysis ,efisiensi energi, ketidakselarasan, SEC ABSTRACTThe pulley belt transmission system's misalignment condition on turning machine affects the low-efficiency value of machine tool energy consumption. This study aims to evaluate the energy efficiency of a lathe in the alignment and misalignment of the pulley-belt transmission system. This study used a method of assessing the specific energy consumption (SEC) of the lathe machining process. During the cutting process, the total energy consumption value is measured using a power analyzer and processed into SEC data values, then analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis to obtain a reference value. The assessment is obtained by comparing the distance between each machine's SEC value and the reference value. The case study's object was conducted on five test lathes with medium power capacity. The study results show that the pulleybelt transmission system's misalignment causes the lathe's energy inefficiency of more than 5%.Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, efficiency energy, misalignment, SEC

scholarly journals Energy consumption of agitators in activated sludge tanks – actual state and optimization potential

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Füreder ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
W. Frey ◽  
H. Kroiss ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Continuous Mixing

Abstract Depending on design capacity, agitators consume about 5 to 20% of the total energy consumption of a wastewater treatment plant. Based on inhabitant-specific energy consumption (kWh PE120−1 a−1; PE120 is population equivalent, assuming 120 g chemical oxygen demand per PE per day), power density (W m−3) and volume-specific energy consumption (Wh m−3 d−1) as evaluation indicators, this paper provides a sound contribution to understanding energy consumption and energy optimization potentials of agitators. Basically, there are two ways to optimize agitator operation: the reduction of the power density and the reduction of the daily operating time. Energy saving options range from continuous mixing with low power densities of 1 W m−3 to mixing by means of short, intense energy pulses (impulse aeration, impulse stirring). However, the following correlation applies: the shorter the duration of energy input, the higher the power density on the respective volume-specific energy consumption isoline. Under favourable conditions with respect to tank volume, tank geometry, aeration and agitator position, mixing energy can be reduced to 24 Wh m−3 d−1 and below. Additionally, it could be verified that power density of agitators stands in inverse relation to tank volume.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) in Machining Operations: A Sustainable Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5617
Author(s):  
Raman Kumar ◽  
Sehijpal Singh ◽  
Ardamanbir Singh Sidhu ◽  
Catalin I. Pruncu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Author Keywords ◽  
Link Strength ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
Machining Operations

This paper’s persistence is to make an inclusive analysis of 268 documents about specific energy consumption (SEC) in machining operations from 2001 to 2020 in the Scopus database. A systematic approach collects information on SEC documents’ primary data; their types, publications, citations, and predictions are presented. The VOSviewer 1.1.16 and Biblioshiny 2.0 software are used for visualization analysis to show the progress standing of SEC publications. The selection criteria of documents are set for citation analysis. The ranks are assigned to the most prolific and dominant authors, sources, articles, countries, and organizations based on the total citations, number of documents, average total citation, and total link strength. The author-keywords, index-keywords, and text data content analysis has been conducted to find the hotspots and progress trend in SEC in machining operations. The most prolific and dominant article, source, author, organization, and country are Anderson et al. “Laser-assisted machining of Inconel 718 with an economic analysis”, the Int J Mach Tools Manuf, Shin Y.C., form Purdue University Singapore, and United States, respectively, based on total citations as per defined criteria. The author keywords “specific cutting energy” and “surface roughness” dominate the machining operations SEC. SEC’s implication in machining operations review and bibliometric analysis is to deliver an inclusive perception for the scholars working in this field. It is the primary paper that utilizes bibliometric research to analyze the SEC in machining operations publications expansively. It is valuable for scholars to grasp the hotspots in this field in time and help the researchers in the SEC exploration arena rapidly comprehend the expansion status and trend.

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