scholarly journals Enhancing efficiency and economics of phosphorus recovery process by customizing the product based on sidestream characteristics – an alternative phosphorus recovery strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1777-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Shaddel ◽  
Seniz Ucar ◽  
Jens-Petter Andreassen ◽  
Stein W. Østerhus
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

Abstract The enhanced biological phosphorus removal process makes the phosphorus recovery feasible from the dewatering streams of biological sludge. The physicochemical properties of these sidestreams, as an input to a crystallizer, are different before and after anaerobic digestion. In this study, phosphorus recovery by calcium phosphate is proposed for pre-digestion sidestreams and by struvite precipitation for post-digestion sidestreams. The thermodynamic modeling followed by experimental tests was performed to evaluate the recovery efficiency and product properties of struvite and calcium phosphates. The variations in phosphorus recovery potential, reaction kinetics and particle size distribution emphasize the importance of the adjustment of initial supersaturation and pH of the reaction. The optimum pH, considering the economics and recovery efficiency, for both calcium phosphate and struvite precipitation was found to be pH = 8.5, whereas further increase of pH will not improve the overall efficiency of the process. In the case of calcium phosphate precipitation, it was shown that possible phase transformations should be considered and controlled as they affect both process efficiency and product properties. The economic evaluation indicated that the optimized operational condition should be determined for the phosphorus recovery process and that chemical costs for the production of calcium phosphates is lower than for struvite.

scholarly journals Simulations and Laboratory Tests for Assessing Phosphorus Recovery Efficiency from Sewage Sludge

Resources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Daneshgar ◽  
Armando Buttafava ◽  
Arianna Callegari ◽  
Andrea Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

Phosphorus is a potential environmental pollutant, which could lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. For this reason, wastewater treatment plants worldwide are often designed and operated to eliminate phosphorous from effluents, at substantial cost. At the same time, phosphorus is an essential nutrient for agriculture and, consequently, human life. Data seem to suggest that the world will run out of phosphorus by around 2300, in the best case scenario, although even shorter estimates exist. This situation evokes the need for more efficient phosphorus recovery technologies, in order to meet current water quality requirements and—at the same time—critical future phosphorous needs. Chemical precipitation is the main process for achieving a phosphorus-containing mineral suitable for reuse as a fertilizer, where Struvite is an example of such a product. In this study chemical equilibrium of struvite precipitation was simulated using US Geological Survey (USGS)’ PHREEQC model, and results were compared to laboratory precipitation tests to evaluate struvite recovery efficiency under various conditions. pH had the most significant effect on the results and P recovery of >90% was achieved at pH = 9.5. Simulations indicated that struvite precipitation is affected by the presence of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) and calcite in the final product of the process. The model showed great potential for predicting equilibrium conditions, and could be very helpful for future optimization of the process.

Full-scale phosphorus recovery from digested waste water sludge in Belgium – part I: technical achievements and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marchi ◽  
S. Geerts ◽  
M. Weemaes ◽  
S. Wim ◽  
V. Christine
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Reference Situation ◽  
Solids Content

To date, phosphorus recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants has been mainly implemented on water phases resulting from dewatering processes of the sludge line. However, it is possible to recover struvite directly from sludge phases. Besides minimising the return loads of phosphorus from the sludge line to the water line, placing such a process within the sludge line is claimed to offer advantages such as a higher recovery potential, enhanced dewaterability of the treated sludge, and reduced speed of scaling in pipes and dewatering devices. In the wastewater treatment plant at Leuven (Belgium), a full-scale struvite recovery process from digested sludge has been tested for 1 year. Several monitoring campaigns and experiments provided indications of the efficiency of the process for recovery. The load of phosphorus from the sludge line returning to the water line as centrate accounted for 15% of the P-load of the plant in the reference situation. Data indicated that the process divides this phosphorus load by two. An improved dewaterability of 1.5% of dry solids content was achieved, provided a proper tuning of the installation. Quality analyses showed that the formed struvite was quite pure.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Experimental Studies Concerning the Semipermeable Membrane Separation Efficiency for 134Cs, 137Cs, 57Co, 58Co, 60Co, 54Mn in Liquid Radioactive Waste I. Treatment of secondary waste from POD decontamination procedure

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Dulama ◽  
Nicoleta Deneanu ◽  
Cristian Dulama ◽  
Margarit Pavelescu
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Active Charcoal ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

The paper presents the experimental tests concerning the treatment by membrane techniques of radioactive aqueous waste. Solutions, which have been treated by using the bench-scale installation, were radioactive simulated secondary wastes from the decontamination process with modified POD. Generally, an increasing of the retention is observed for most of the contaminants in the reverse osmosis experiments with pre-treatment steps. The main reason for taking a chemical treatment approach was to selectively remove soluble contaminants from the waste. In the optimization part of the precipitation step, several precipitation processes were compared. Based on this comparison, mixed [Fe(CN)6]4-/Al3+/Fe2+ was selected as a precipitation process applicable for precipitation of radionuclides and flocculation of suspended solid. Increased efficiencies for cesium radionuclides removal were obtained in natural zeolite adsorption pre-treatment stages and this was due to the fact that volcanic tuff used has a special affinity for this element. Usually, the addition of powdered active charcoal serves as an advanced purifying method used to remove organic compounds and residual radionuclides; thus by analyzing the experimental data (for POD wastes) one can observe a decreasing of about 50% for cobalt isotopes subsequently to the active charcoal adsorption.. The semipermeable membranes were used, which were prepared by the researchers from the Research Center for Macromolecular Materials and Membranes, Bucharest. The process efficiency was monitored by gamma spectrometry.

scholarly journals Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials: Stem Cell-Derived Osteoinduction or In Vivo Osteoconduction? Novel Insights in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation by Advanced Imaging

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Giovanna Iezzi ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Luca Valbonetti ◽  
Serena Mazzoni ◽  
Michele Furlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Native Bone ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Posterior Maxilla

Maxillary sinus augmentation is often necessary prior to implantology procedure, in particular in cases of atrophic posterior maxilla. In this context, bone substitute biomaterials made of biphasic calcium phosphates, produced by three-dimensional additive manufacturing were shown to be highly biocompatible with an efficient osteoconductivity, especially when combined with cell-based tissue engineering. Thus, in the present research, osteoinduction and osteoconduction properties of biphasic calcium-phosphate constructs made by direct rapid prototyping and engineered with ovine-derived amniotic epithelial cells or amniotic fluid cells were evaluated. More in details, this preclinical study was performed using adult sheep targeted to receive scaffold alone (CTR), oAFSMC, or oAEC engineered constructs. The grafted sinuses were explanted at 90 days and a cross-linked experimental approach based on Synchrotron Radiation microCT and histology analysis was performed on the complete set of samples. The study, performed taking into account the distance from native surrounding bone, demonstrated that no significant differences occurred in bone regeneration between oAEC-, oAFMSC-cultured, and Ctr samples and that there was a predominant action of the osteoconduction versus the stem cells osteo-induction. Indeed, it was proven that the newly formed bone amount and distribution decreased from the side of contact scaffold/native bone toward the bulk of the scaffold itself, with almost constant values of morphometric descriptors in volumes more than 1 mm from the border.

scholarly journals Mineralization of Titanium Surfaces: Biomimetic Implants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2879
Author(s):  
Javier Gil ◽  
Jose Maria Manero ◽  
Elisa Ruperez ◽  
Eugenio Velasco-Ortega ◽  
Alvaro Jiménez-Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Biomimetic Surfaces ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Deposition Processes ◽  
Fast Dissolution ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

The surface modification by the formation of apatitic compounds, such as hydroxyapatite, improves biological fixation implants at an early stage after implantation. The structure, which is identical to mineral content of human bone, has the potential to be osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive materials. These calcium phosphates provoke the action of the cell signals that interact with the surface after implantation in order to quickly regenerate bone in contact with dental implants with mineral coating. A new generation of calcium phosphate coatings applied on the titanium surfaces of dental implants using laser, plasma-sprayed, laser-ablation, or electrochemical deposition processes produces that response. However, these modifications produce failures and bad responses in long-term behavior. Calcium phosphates films result in heterogeneous degradation due to the lack of crystallinity of the phosphates with a fast dissolution; conversely, the film presents cracks, which produce fractures in the coating. New thermochemical treatments have been developed to obtain biomimetic surfaces with calcium phosphate compounds that overcome the aforementioned problems. Among them, the chemical modification using biomineralization treatments has been extended to other materials, including composites, bioceramics, biopolymers, peptides, organic molecules, and other metallic materials, showing the potential for growing a calcium phosphate layer under biomimetic conditions.

scholarly journals Performance-Based Selection of the Cathode Material for the Electrodeposition-Redox Replacement Process of Gold Recovery from Chloride Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Korolev ◽  
Kirsi Yliniemi ◽  
Mari Lindgren ◽  
Leena Carpén ◽  
Mari Lundström
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Cathode Substrate

AbstractRecently, an emerging electrodeposition-redox replacement (EDRR) method was demonstrated to provide exceptionally efficient gold recovery from cyanide-free hydrometallurgical solutions. However, the effect of electrode material and its corrosion resistance in this process was overlooked, even though the EDRR process is carried out in extremely corrosive, acidic chloride solution that also contains significant amounts of strong oxidants, i.e., cupric ions. In the current study, nickel alloy C-2000, stainless steels 316L and 654SMO, and grade 2 titanium were for the first time critically evaluated as potential cathode materials for EDRR. The particular emphasis was placed on better understanding of the effect of cathode substrate on the overall efficiency of the gold recovery process. The use of a multiple attribute decision-making method of material selection allowed reaching of a well-founded compromise between the corrosion properties of the electrodes and process efficiency of gold extraction. The 654SMO steel demonstrated outstanding performance among the examined materials, as it enabled gold recovery of 28.1 pct after 3000 EDRR cycles, while its corrosion rate (CR) was only 0.02 mm/year.

Application of activated sludge model for phosphorus recovery potential simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Michal Preisner ◽  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Elena Neverova-Dziopak ◽  
Zbigniew Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Activated Sludge Model ◽  
Recovery Potential
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