scholarly journals Treatment of textile dyes using advanced oxidative and adsorptive processes individually and combined: study of the operational parameters, kinetic and adsorptive equilibrium

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338
Author(s):  
Emanuely José de Souza ◽  
Naiana Santos da Cruz Santana Neves ◽  
Rayssa Kelen de Mendonça Gomes ◽  
Sérgio Gonzaga dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Lívia Vieira Carlini Charamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Adsorptive Equilibrium ◽  
Fenton System ◽  
Persistent Contaminants ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) have been consolidated as an efficient treatment technique to degrade persistent contaminants. In addition to them, biosorption also emerges as a technique capable of removing both pollutants and intermediate products generated by other treatments such as AOP. Thus, this work evaluated the degradation and removal of the mixture of dyes Direct Red 23 and Direct Red 227 in aqueous solution (50 mg·L−1 of each). Preliminary tests showed that the photo-Fenton system under sunlight radiation was the most efficient, reaching a degradation ≥93%. For the adsorptive process using chicken eggshell, preliminary tests indicated that the ideal dosage of adsorbent was 8.0 g·L−1. For this process, a factorial design indicated the best working conditions, which demonstrated from the system adjusted well to the Elovich (kinetic) model and to the Freundlich and Sips models (equilibrium). When associating the two processes, AOP followed by adsorption achieved a total degradation/removal of ≈98% (for all λ) in a time of 60 min. Thus, the feasibility of the combined treatment is indicated.

scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Elements and Microbial Contaminants from Groundwater Using Low-Cost Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Da’ana ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad Y. Ashfaq ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews various low-cost treatment techniques such as adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, and biological techniques for the simultaneous removal of chemical and microbial contaminants from groundwater and discusses treatment mechanisms of different treatment techniques. This paper also discusses the challenges of groundwater treatment, how to choose the appropriate treatment technique, and cost analysis of groundwater treatment. Recent Findings Various treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of groundwater: physical, chemical, and biological technologies with different success rates. In the literature, various adsorbents have been successfully synthesized from low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. Adsorption is considered an efficient treatment technique for the removal of both toxic elements and pathogens by utilizing different adsorbents. For example, the nanostructures of MgO with a BET surface area of up to 171 m2/g obtained a very high adsorption capacity of 29,131 mg/g for fluoride ions in water, while the incorporation of iron in activated carbon has improved its adsorption capacity to 51.3 mg/g for arsenic. Moreover, certain adsorbents have shown the capability to remove 99% of the rotavirus and adenovirus from groundwater. Summary Groundwater resources are contaminated with toxic metals and pathogens. Therefore, water treatment technologies should be evaluated for their efficiency to remove such contaminants. Determination of the most cost-effective and efficient treatment technique is not an easy task and requires the understanding of various aspects such as the contaminants present in water, the reuse options considered, and cost analysis of the treatment technique.

Gasification of Coal and Dairy Manure With Air-Steam as Oxidizing Agent

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gordillo ◽  
Kalyan Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
The Ideal

The animal waste from feedlots (called feedlot biomass, FB) and dairy farms (called dairy biomass, DB) can contribute to surface or ground water contamination and air pollution problems with the release of greenhouse gases (CH4). In the present study, the feasibility of onsite gasification of DB with an air-steam mixture for production of H2 rich syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) is considered. The composition of gases produced by DB is predicted using a) mass conservation and b) chemical equilibrium for adiabatic systems where heat produced by partial oxidation is used to strip H2 from steam. Coal is used as standard fuel for comparison of gasification performance of DB with coal. A model is developed to estimate the ideal production of CH4, H2, CO, CO2, N2 and H2S, and other compounds are assumed to be in trace amounts. The parameters investigated are equivalence ratio (1 to 10), air-steam ratio (0.1 to 1), and reaction temperature (600–1500 K). With the predicted composition of gases, the HHV of gas mixtures and the energy conversion efficiency are estimated. The predicted results show that higher ERs yield to elevated concentrations of CO and CH4, high HHV mixtures and energy conversion efficiency, and low percentages of H2 and CO2. On the other hand, lower air-steam ratios produce more H2, CO2, and CH4 but less CO under equilibrium or mass conservation methods. The results suggest that it is possible to obtain concentrations of H2 from 0 to 50%, CO from 0 to 45%, and CH4 from 0 to 45% approximately. The current results provide operational parameters for a gasifier fired with DB and a mixture of air and steam as oxidizers. Experiments are currently in progress to determine the actual composition of gases released from gasifier.

scholarly journals Subdural to subgaleal shunts: alternative treatment in infants with nonaccidental traumatic brain injury?

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Blauwblomme ◽  
Federico Di Rocco ◽  
Marie Bourgeois ◽  
Kevin Beccaria ◽  
Giovanna Paternoster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intraoperative Complication ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Subdural Drain ◽  
Median Width ◽  
The Ideal

OBJECT The ideal treatment for subdural hematomas (SDHs) in infants remains debated. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficiency of subduro-subgaleal drainage in SDH. METHODS The authors conducted a single-center open-label study between August 2011 and May 2012. Data were prospectively collected in a database and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Eighteen patients (male/female ratio 1.25) with a median age of 5 months were surgically treated. All had preoperative symptoms of intracranial hypertension or seizures. The SDH was bilateral in 16 cases, with a median width of 12 mm. Success of the procedure was noted in 14 of the 18 patients. There was no intraoperative complication or postoperative infection. Drainage failure was attributable to suboptimal positioning of the subdural drain in 2 cases and to migration in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS Subduro-subgaleal drainage is an efficient treatment that could be proposed as an alternative to external subdural drainage or subduroperitoneal drainage.

The combined intravenous laser light of blood in complex treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Шнайдер ◽  
D. Shnayder ◽  
Утц ◽  
S. Utts ◽  
Москвин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

One of the known methods of treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis is laser therapy, however, the task of improving the efficiency of this method is still relevant. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment technique of patients with atopic dermatitis, including alternation in a day the intravenous laser light of blood by low-intensity laser radiation with a wave length of 365 nm and 525 nm (green spectrum). 37 patients with atopic dermatitis (10 women and 27 men) aged 18 to 56 years (the average age 36,2), having a disease duration of 17 to 54 years, were observed. In the complex of therapeutic measures of the main group the laser therapy was included. It is the original technique by means of laser therapeutic apparatus "Lasmik- VLOK" (Registration certificate № RZN 2014/1410 from 06.02.2014) with the laser emitting heads KLVLOK- 365-2 (for LUFOK®) and KL-VLOK-525-2 for intravenous laser light of blood. For this technique the disposable sterile lights KIVL -01 on TU 9444-005-72085060-2008 made in Research centre "Matrix" (Russia, Moscow) were used. It is shown that the combined intravenous laser light of blood with a wavelength of 365 nm (VLOK-365 or LUFOK®) and radiation with a wavelength of 525 nm (green spectrum, VLOK-525) in a day, 10 sessions in combined treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis – allows to achieve complete regression of all acute inflammatory symptoms of disease - erythema, papules, desquamation, excoriations in 87,5% of patients with moderate-severe disease (the average SCORAD index – 57,5±4,0) and to lower at 3,4 times the average SCORAD index (to 21,3±4,0) in patients with severe disease (initial value – 72,8±3,0) with an overall positive dynamics.

scholarly journals Highly active antiretroviral treatment against STLV-1 infection combining reverse transcriptase and HDAC inhibitors

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (19) ◽  
pp. 3802-3808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe V. Afonso ◽  
Mourad Mekaouche ◽  
Franck Mortreux ◽  
Frédéric Toulza ◽  
Antoine Moriceau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus

Abstract Approximately 3% of all human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)–infected persons will develop a disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system known as HTLV-1–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, against which there is currently no efficient treatment. As correlation exists between the proviral load (PVL) and the clinical status of the carrier, it is thought that diminishing the PVL could prevent later occurrence of the disease. We have conducted a study combining valproate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, and azidothymidine, an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, in a series of baboons naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), whose PVL was equivalent to that of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers. We show that the combination of drugs caused a strong decrease in the PVL and prevented the transient rise in PVL that is seen after treatment with histone deacetylases alone. We then demonstrate that the PVL decline was associated with an increase in the STLV-1–specific cytotoxic T-cell population. We conclude that combined treatment with valproate to induce viral expression and azidothymidine to prevent viral propagation is a safe and effective means to decrease PVL in vivo. Such treatments may be useful to reduce the risk of HAM/TSP in asymptomatic carriers with a high PVL.

Impact of industrial discharge on the performance of a biological POTW - model development

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Y. Argaman ◽  
W. W. Eckenfelder ◽  
A. J. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Monod Kinetics ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Alternative Solutions

This paper describes the development of a mathematical model and its application for predicting the dimensions of an industrial wastewater pretreatment system, and its comparison with alternative solutions. The model is based on pseudo first order kinetics for both the municipal and the industrial wastewater, and also on the Monod kinetics for the industrial wastewater. In the combined treatment process the biomass is taken as a mixture of specialist microorganisms capable of degrading target compounds. The kinetic rate of the combined stream is taken as the weighted average of the reciprocal K values. The model was used to compare the alternative treatment schemes and the main conclusions were: (1) pretreatment of industrial wastewater is always the most efficient alternative, and (2) an optimal VSS concentration exists in the pretreated effluent, leading to the most efficient treatment system. Experimental studies aimed at validation of this model are strongly recommended.

Concentrated Landfill Leachate Treatment by Electro-Ozonation

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mojiri ◽  
Lou Ziyang ◽  
Wang Hui ◽  
Ali Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Pressure Driven

Municipal solid waste has continued to be a major problem in many nations of the world. The primary methods of treating landfill leachate include physical-chemical and biological treatment processes. Pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis (RO), are among the utmost promising and capable ways for treating landfill leachate. The concentrated leachate created from pressure-driven membrane processes typically represents 13%–30% of total incoming landfill leachate. Concentrated leachate is a dark brown solution with high levels of pollutants. Treating concentrated leachate is extremely difficult, and thus, a combined treatment system is suggested. In the present study, concentrated landfill leachate was treated using a combined treatment technique that included electro-ozonation. The removal efficacies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and nickel were monitored at original pH (7.3) as well as current and voltage of 4 A and 9 V, respectively.

Constructed wetlands combined with UV disinfection systems for removal of enteric pathogens and wastewater contaminants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Azaizeh ◽  
K. G. Linden ◽  
C. Barstow ◽  
S. Kalbouneh ◽  
A. Tellawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

Water shortage is an ongoing cardinal issue in the Middle East region. Wastewater reuse offers some remediation, but to-date many rural communities in the Palestinian Authority (PA) and in Jordan are not connected to centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), many of them are disposing of their wastewater using infiltration septic tanks. This highlights the need for a small, local, low cost WWTP that can directly benefit local communities, producing effluents suitable for unrestricted irrigation. Constructed wetlands (CWs) could offer a solution as they are relatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain, and effective in removal of many pollutants. Nevertheless, pathogen removal in CWs is often not adequate, calling for additional disinfection. Here we describe the use of low-cost, consumer level, UV based disinfection systems coupled to CWs for wastewater treatment in three CWs: in Israel, Jordan and in the PA. Once mature, our adapted CWs reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) load, and, given proper use of the UV systems, inactivated indicator bacteria (faecal and E. coli) to levels suitable for irrigation, even when UV transmission (UVT) levels were low (∼40%). Our results demonstrate the promise in this combined treatment technique for cheap and simple wastewater treatment suitable for the Middle East region.

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