scholarly journals Urban stormwater harvesting for domestic water supply: a water evaluation and planning approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Pravin ◽  
C. Gajendran ◽  
T. Divya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Water Evaluation And Planning

Abstract Renewable groundwater and surface water supplies are insufficient for the existing urban population all over the world as water demand is increasing rapidly. Usage per capita in urban areas transcends 160 liters per day. Climate change is projected to increase water demand even more. Sources of surface water obtained by stormwater runoff can be well used to fulfill this requirement. The main objective of this work is to assess the water supply and demand in the dry condition in the Coimbatore region, Tamil Nadu, India, and to use the Water Evaluation and Planning method to create a model for supply and demand in the future. There are more than three dozen of surface water bodies in and around the metropolitan center. Most sources are heavily encroached upon. By linking stormwater runoff from its respective elevation to the accessible surface water bodies, an additional water supply source can be obtained. By using the Water Evaluation and Planning framework as a guide, models were developed to determine potential needs, compare demand and supply, water usage, lack of water use, and population coverage. The enhanced stormwater drainage system for Coimbatore city was also designed in such a way that the corporation's various roads were connected to the major water bodies. The domestic water demand in the future is predicted to be around 27 Million Cubic Feet(MCFT). Meanwhile, the possible amount of stormwater collection in the selected water bodies is predicted to be 50 Million Cubic Meter (MCM) to 320MCM. Thus, the study concluded that 100% of urban domestic water demand can be met if the urban stormwater is utilized by harvesting and storing in surface water bodies.

scholarly journals Impact of Rapid Tourism Growth on Water Scarcity in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eva Mia Siska Yamamoto ◽  
Takahiro Sayama ◽  
Kaoru Takara
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Domestic Water Demand ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Impact

Despite Bali’s dependency on tourism, concerns over the impact of tourism on water scarcity are increasing. The objective of this study is to analyze the clean water demand related to tourism growth and compare them with the available clean water supply. This study suggested that tourism water demand has increased by 20.8 million m3 (295%) from 1988 to 2013. Sixty-eight percent of the increase was concentrated in Badung Regency, where the tourism water demand ratio has increased from 31% to 46%. The study also suggested that rapid population growth has caused an increase in domestic water demand by 48.3 million m3 (48%). This study also shows that the capacity of clean water supply in Bali has increased significantly to meet these demands and the water supply coverage of domestic water demand has increased significantly from 13% in 1988 to 53% in 2013. The water supply coverage of tourism demand varies from year to year with an average of 28% in the study period. The increasing issues over water scarcity despite the improvement in the coverage of domestic water demand suggest further investigations. Yet, despite the large gap between supply and demand in the tourism sector the industry still can have undisrupted clean water throughout the year. This indicates the use of alternative clean water which can be obtained locally such as groundwater. Wise water management through the sharing of scientific data, including in the tourism sector is imperative in solving water scarcity in Bali.  Keywords: clean water demand, water scarcity, Badung Regency

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Urban Domestic Water Supply Inputs Based on VES Production Function

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Kebai Li ◽  
Zhilei Ding
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

The Gompertz growth curve is used to describe the urban water population, the linear function is used to represent the per capita disposable income, and the domestic water demand is described combined with the factors of population, income, and the water-saving consciousness. The VES production function is used to describe the production function of the domestic water supply. Combined with system dynamics, the supply and demand management model of urban domestic water in Jiangsu province, China, is developed. The process of water supply investment and labor input in the urban domestic water system is studied with two depreciation methods: the straight-line depreciation method and the sum of years digits method. In the case that the water consumption population is expected to decline, four water demand scenarios composed of different per capita disposable income and the growth rate of water-saving consciousness are investigated. Investment and labor input are taken as control variables to conduct water supply and demand simulations for the four scenarios. The results show that the control schemes in all four scenarios reach a balance between water supply and demand. Moreover, the investment of the sum of years digits method is larger than that of the straight-line depreciation method in 2005–2019 but less than that of the straight-line depreciation method in 2020–2034. The sum of years digits method has the characteristics of more depreciation in the early stage and less depreciation in the later stage, which is conducive to timely compensation for the large loss of fixed assets in the early stage.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF EFFLUENTS FROM WATER SUPPLY STATIONS TO SURFACE WATER BODIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Leonid Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Polluted water from many water‐supply stations of the Ukraine gets into surface water bodies, trenches and ponds. Such water contains chlororganic compounds and coagulants that fail to biodegrade and get into the human body within the nutrition chain and are harmful for human health. The results of the carried out research have been applied in designing new water‐supply stations which use sludge degreasing and in reducing the amounts of pollutants emitted into surface water bodies.

scholarly journals Particular Qualities of Surface Water Bodies Pollution with Components of Pharmaceutical Substances

2014 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Contamination ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Overview on pharmacological water pollution in various countries is presented. Original data on contamination of water bodies (serving as sources of water supply for Moscow) with medicines components and pharmaceutical substances metabolites are considered. Application of calculation techniques of the “structure-activity” type has been proposed for forecast of by-effects of drugs and pharmacological activity of other organic xenobiotics has been proposed. Some other ways of pharmaceutical contamination reduction have been recommended.

Assessment of the radiation safety of drinking water and surface water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Igor I. Mekhantyev ◽  
Yuriy I. Stepkin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Artesian Wells ◽  
Supply Systems

AIM: This study aimed to assess the radiation safety of surface water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water used by the population of the Voronezh Region (VR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fond materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in VR in 20152019 were used. The following parameters were analyzed: total and activities and specific activity of radioactive substances in the water of open reservoirs (137Сs, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and in the sources of drinking water (210Po and 222Rn). The annual effective dose was calculated on the basis of the probable consumption of drinking water from the centralized drinking water supply systems. The content of radionuclides in the water of open reservoirs was analyzed in three control points and in drinking water found in 2,036 water intake artesian wells of the centralized drinking water supply systems. Then, 100% of the sources were surveyed in terms of total and activities. The radiation safety of bottled drinking water from nine manufacturers was assessed on the basis of the data of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Water in open reservoirs and drinking water, including water packaged in containers, were laboratory controlled on the basis of an accredited testing laboratory center (Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the VR) by using MKS-01A Multirad spectrometric installation (Akvilon, Russia). UMF-2000 - and -radiometers were utilized to measure small activities (NPP, Doza, Russia). RESULTS: According to the regional databases of Rospotrebnadzor Administration regarding water from open water bodies for the population (three monitoring points: Tikhaya Sosna, Sukhaya Khvorostan, and Usman rivers) in 20152019, values did not exceed the intervention limit that was registered in terms of the content of the controlled radioactive substances (210Ро, 234U, 222Rn, and 137Сs) and the total and activities. Water from artesian wells used for drinking and domestic purposes fully met the requirements of radiation safety. The average annual effective radiation doses (AAERD) of the population in the VO in 74 settlements within the zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster ranged from 0.05 mSv/year to 0.12 mSv/year, which was significantly lower than the threshold value (1 mSv/year). The analyzed drinking water samples, water packaged in containers, and the samples produced in the region were in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including those for 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclide contents. CONCLUSION: Radiation monitoring in the VR revealed that the content of technogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and other standardized parameters of radiation safety in water of open reservoirs and drinking water did not exceed the threshold values.

Analysis of the Environmental Safety of Copper Ions Delivery to Surface Water Bodies from Nuclear Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
O.I. Gorskaya ◽  
I.A. Bublikova ◽  
V.M. Sapelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

scholarly journals Catchments of German Surface Water Bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Gericke ◽  
Judith Mahnkopf ◽  
Markus Venohr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Surface Water Bodies
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