scholarly journals MUTUAL BENEFIT AND COMPLEMENTARITY IN THE ENERGY COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Ma Hang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Gas Consumption

Energy cooperation is shown as an important component of the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Russia, as well as the source of the driving force for the development and maintenance of sustainable development of China-Russia relations related to the coincidence of the strategic interests of the two states. The main attention is paid to the formation of a new concept of cooperation between China and Russia, caused by fundamental changes in the structure of world energy at present, leading to increased coordination and complementarity in the energy sector. The article notes that the excess of supply over demand led to a decline in oil prices; a significant share of oil and gas consumption moved to the East. The change in the structure of energy resources is reflected in the reduction in the use of traditional (non-renewable) fossil energy resources and in the increase in the use of non-traditional (renewable) energy resources. The article draws attention to the fact that in addition to strengthening the complementarity of the energy of the two countries, there is the application of new Sino-Russian energy technologies, which create great opportunities for cooperation. And despite the fact that in implementing specific energy cooperation projects, the parties have faced a number of problems, bilateral energy cooperation still has broad prospects.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.25 Energy Security in International Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgandi Tibisay ◽  
Viñuales Jorge E
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This chapter investigates the concept of ‘energy security’, understood as the ‘uninterrupted availability of energy resources at an affordable price’. Importantly, according to this definition, the ‘availability’ of energy resources is measured against existing energy demand, and threats to energy security are therefore threats to the supply of enough energy to meet existing energy demand. Energy supply depends upon both domestic and international factors which are so interconnected that it is difficult to distinguish where one starts and the other ends. What is clear, however, is that international law plays a fundamental role in addressing many threats to energy security. The chapter looks at existing threats to energy security and the international legal frameworks that have been established in response. The challenges to energy security include an exponential increase in world energy demand, shortages of national oil and gas deposits, the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel production in order to counteract climate change, as well as risks of geopolitical instability. The chapter then focuses on the mechanisms aimed to ensure that the flow of energy remains uninterrupted and at an affordable price, as well as on those mechanisms aimed at increasing access to energy resources.

scholarly journals Assessment of Multi-Use Offshore Platforms: Structure Classification and Design Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Walid M. Nassar ◽  
Olimpo Anaya-Lara ◽  
Khaled H. Ahmed ◽  
David Campos-Gaona ◽  
Mohamed Elgenedy
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The World

As the world continues to experience problems including a lack of seafood and high energy demands, this paper provides an assessment for integrated multi-use offshore platforms (MUPs) as a step towards exploiting open seawater in a sustainable way to harvest food and energy. The paper begins with background about MUPs, including information regarding what an MUP is and why it is used. The potential energy technologies that can be involved in an offshore platform are introduced while addressing similar applications all over the world. The paper presents the state of the art of MUP structures on the light of EU-funded programs. An MUP would have a positive impact on various marine activities such as tourism, aquaculture, transport, oil and gas and leisure. However, there are concerns about the negative impact of MUPs on the marine environment and ecosystem. Building an MUP with 100% renewable energy resources is still a challenge because a large storage capacity must be considered with a well-designed control system. However, marine bio-mass would play a vital role in reducing battery size and improving power supply reliability. Direct Current (DC) systems have never been considered for offshore platforms, but they could be a better alternative as a simpler control system that requires with lower costs, has lower distribution losses, and has an increased system efficiency, so studying the feasibility of using DC systems for MUPs is required.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies for Sustainable Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-185
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Florin Badea
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Main Components

Science has shown that there are two sustainable alternatives to providing energy needs: renewable energy resources and fuel cells-hydrogen-based energy, which will play a complementary role in securing global energy resources. By promoting the use of hydrogen-based energy technologies, as clean energy technologies for stationary applications, at the level of local communities, industrial and commercial communities, research topics in this field will help the practical development of sustainable and clean energy systems. This chapter provides an overview of fuel cells highlighting aspects related to fuel cell short history, the main components and operating principles of fuel cells, the main constructive fuel cell types, and the main ways of powering stationary applications through the hydrogen fuel cell technologies.

scholarly journals Use of Renewable Energy Sources for Energy Generation in Rural Areas in the Island of Crete, Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vourdoubas
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Zero Carbon

Use of renewable energies in rural areas in the island of Crete, Greece has been investigated. Crete has rich indigenous renewable energy resources which are currently utilized for covering part of its energy requirements. Various renewable energy technologies used for heat and electricity generation in the island have been examined. Solar energy, wind energy, hydro power, biomass, and low enthalpy geothermal energy are already used. The total installed electric power of renewable energies in Crete, located mostly in rural areas, is approximately at 30% of the total electric power installed. They currently generate more than 20% of the island’s annual electricity needs. More renewable energy applications are foreseen in the future in rural areas in Crete as soon as its electric grid will be interconnected with the country’s continental grid. New renewable energy technologies, which are not currently used, could generate in the future heat, cooling, electricity, and vehicle’s fuels in the island. Their use will have positive impacts including the promotion of energy investments, lower use of imported and polluting fossil fuels, de-carbonization of the island’s energy sector as well as creation of new local jobs. It is indicated that the rich renewable energy resources in Crete could provide almost all of its annual energy needs. This will result in Crete’s transformation to a low or zero carbon economy in accordance with EU targets for zero carbon emissions in the next decades complying with the global goal for climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals The Renewable Sources of Energy and the Romanian Energy Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Ionuț Alin Cirdei
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Alternative Sources

Abstract Energy security is a matter of particular importance to all the world's states, whether they are producers or consumers of energy resources. For a long time, fossil energy resources have been the only source of energy used on a planetary scale. When mankind realized that fossil energy resources are a finite source of energy and that their intensive use causes many environmental problems, the most important of which is related to global warming, they have tried to find alternative sources of energy. Thus, concerns have arisen about the use of renewable energy on a wider scale, with both individual concerns of states that have potential in this area and collective concerns, such as at EU level, which has proposed by 2020, the share of energy from renewable sources used by the Union states is at least 20% of total consumption. Renewable energy resources may be an alternative to fossil fuels, but at the same time it has a number of limitations and vulnerabilities. Ensuring energy security means a comprehensive approach, understanding of limitations and reducing vulnerabilities

scholarly journals Review on Non-Conventional Energy Resources in India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Mohammad Miyan ◽  
M. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Population Improvement

The sources of energy that are exhaustible and being made unceasingly in nature are known as nonconventional energy or renewable sources of energy. The standard sources embrace the fossil fuels i.e., coal, oil and gas, sorts of atomic energy i.e., Uranium, whereas the nonconventional sources like daylight, wind, rain, tides, and energy heat, that are renewable. Since theevent and progress of grouping are closely associated with energy sources, several countries throughout the globe have engaged themselves in looking and developing non-conventional energy sources that may be terribly essential to sustain the life cycle of person. The consumption of energy is directly proportional to the progress of the grouping. With ever growing population, improvement within the living commonplace of the mankind, industrialization of developing countries, the world demand for energy is anticipated to extend considerably within the close to future. The energy crisis that began in 1973 caused oil provides to decrease and costs to rise usuriously. This crisis forced developing countries to cut back or hold over necessary development programs, so that they may purchase oil to stay their economies operational. It created the imperative necessity to seek out and develop energy sources, like different fossil fuels i.e., coal, gas, atomic energy, and renewable energy resources. Our country, Republic of India has additionally taken sure initiatives during this read. In this paper, a review based mostly study has been given concerning numerous non-conventional energy sources and their current standing and usage in India.

scholarly journals Experimental justification for sapropel and hemp shives use as thermal insulations in Latvia

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislavs Pleiksnis ◽  
Maris Sinka ◽  
Genadijs Sahmenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Experimental Justification ◽  
Thermal Insulations

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords">Fossil energy resources in Latvia are imported from other countries, but at the same time, our country is rich in renewable energy resources and other raw materials, which are used very little. In the study it is proposed to create a thermal insulation material from hemp shives grown in Latvia as a filler material and lake sediment - sapropel as a binding agent. Both of the following materials are organic, renewable and locally available. Laboratory experiments show that ecological and complying with modern requirements thermal insulation material can be obtained from local, renewable raw materials: sapropel and hemp shives.</p>

Feasibility Study of Erecting a Wind Farm in Kuwait

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Gharbia ◽  
Mohammed Anany
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Price Escalation ◽  
Installed Capacity

Kuwait is considering diversifying its energy resources and not solely depending on oil and gas. According to the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW), the annual increase in electricity demand is 6–8%, which is considered higher than neighboring countries (2–3%). Wind energy is one of the renewable energy resources considered by the Government to close the gap between the supply and the demand. In this work, we are exploring the feasibility of erecting a wind farm of installed capacity of 120 MW in a suitable location in Kuwait. Hourly wind data was collected from three promising locations. Abraq Al-Habari (AH), one of three areas studied, enjoys the highest average wind speed of 5.12 m/s resulting in wind power density (WPD) of 181 W/m2 at a mast height of 10 meters. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) was used to estimate the energy production from the wind farm. The program takes into account the complexity of the terrain, the site roughness, and the obstacles and shelters effects. The results showed that the wind farm should be able to produce a net annual energy production (AEP) of 322 GWh and will cost about 260 million US$. This cost includes the installation capital cost as well as the operation expenses over the lifespan of the wind farm. The cost of energy production is estimated at 0.04 US$/kWh. The payback period considering an annual price escalation rate of 1% and a discount rate of 2.25% over the lifespan of the farm is predicted to be around ten years.

Importance of Turning to Renewable Energy Resources with Hydrogen as a Promising Candidate and on-board Storage a Critical Barrier

2005 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Dillon ◽  
Brent P. Nelson ◽  
Yufeng Zhao ◽  
Yong-Hyun Kim ◽  
C. Edwin Tracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrogen Storage System ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Storage Technologies

AbstractThe majority of the world energy consumption is derived from fossil fuels. Furthermore, the United States (US) consumption of petroleum vastly exceeds its production, with the majority of petroleum being consumed in the transportation sector. The increasing dependency on foreign fuel resources in conjunction with the severe environmental impacts of a petroleum-based society dictates that alternative renewable energy resources be developed. The US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences are currently promoting a vehicular hydrogen-based energy economy. However, none of the current on-board storage technologies are suitable for practical and safe deployment. Significant scientific advancement is therefore still required if a viable on-board storage technology is to be developed. A detailed discussion of the benefits of transitioning to a hydrogen-powered automotive fleet as well as the tremendous technical hurdles faced for the development of an on-board hydrogen storage system are provided here. A novel class of theoretically predicted nanostructured materials that could revolutionize hydrogen storage materials is also presented.

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