scholarly journals Antifungal activity of five chemical and two biological fungicides for the management of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of Gray Mold in Strawberry

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
A. Llanos ◽  
W Apaza
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO REAL POTENCIAL INIBIDOR DE EXTRATOS ETANÓLICOS DE Ottonia martiana SOBRE Cylindrocladium spathulatum E Botrytis cinerea

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Miriam Machado Cunico ◽  
Celso Garcia Auer ◽  
Marlon Wesley Machado Cunico ◽  
Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽  
Patricio Peralta Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential

 Extratos etanólicos de anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq., foram reavaliados quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta da erva-mate) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento do eucalipto), por meio do planejamento fatorial. A ocorrência de decomposição de bioativos no processo de autoclavagem também foi investigada, por meio de teste de eficiência de extratos filtrados (filtro Millipore) e esterilizados (autoclave) no controle dos fitopatógenos, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os extratos etanólicos filtrado e esterilizado inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos e foram mais ativos frente a B. cinerea.O extrato filtrado exibiu maior potencial antifúngico que o extrato esterilizado. O processo de esterilização por autoclavagem causou pequena decomposição dos bioativos presentes no extrato de anestesia.Palavras-chave: Anestesia; mofo-cinzento; pinta-preta. Abstract Fungitoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of anestesia in the control of phytopathogenic diseases. The antifungal potential of anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq. was reassessed by factorial design, in vitro testing of fungal mycelial growth compared to the pathogenic isolates Cylindrocladium spathulatum, causal agent of black spot onyerba mate, and Botrytis cinerea causal agent of gray-mold on eucalypts. Occurrence of decomposition of bioactive of the autoclaving process was investigated using foliar detached test compared to the pathogens (1000 ppm). Ethanolic extracts - EBEtOH (filtered and autoclaved) inhibited the mycelial growth of C. spathulatum and B. cinerea (1000 ppm) and were more pronounced against B. cinerea (43.6 % and 68.9 %). EBEtOH filtered (0.22 µm) presented higher activity than EBEtOH autoclaved (C. spathulatum: 52.8 % and 43.6 %, B. cinerea: 68.9 % and 43.6 %), suggesting little decomposition ofbioactive after autoclaving. EBEtOH filtrate presented potential inhibition of 28 % in eucalypt leaves against B. cinerea.  Keywords: Ottonia martiana; black spot; gray-mold.

Streptomyces botrytidirepellens sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Jiang ◽  
Xi Xu ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Liyuan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Desferrioxamine B ◽  
Cell Free Filtrate

The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of devastating gray mold diseases in many economically important fruits, vegetables, and flowers, leading to serious economic losses worldwide. In this study, a novel actinomycete NEAU-LD23T exhibiting antifungal activity against B. cinerea was isolated, and its taxonomic position was evaluated using a polyphasic approach. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, it is concluded that the strain represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces , for which the name Streptomyces botrytidirepellens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-LD23T (=CCTCC AA 2019029T=DSM 109824T). In addition, strain NEAU-LD23T showed a strong antagonistic effect against B. cinerea (82.6±2.5%) and varying degrees of inhibition on nine other phytopathogenic fungi. Both cell-free filtrate and methanol extract of mycelia of strain NEAU-LD23T significantly inhibited mycelial growth of B. cinerea. To preliminarily explore the antifungal mechanisms, the genome of strain NEAU-LD23T was sequenced and analyzed. AntiSMASH analysis led to the identification of several gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites with antifungal activity, including 9-methylstreptimidone, echosides, anisomycin, coelichelin and desferrioxamine B. Overall, this research provided us an excellent strain with considerable potential to use for biological control of tomato gray mold.

scholarly journals First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold, From Strawberry Fields in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1779-1779
Author(s):  
D. Fernández-Ortuño ◽  
J. A. Torés ◽  
A. Pérez-García ◽  
A. de Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Derivatives against Botrytis Cinerea

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Olea ◽  
Angelica Bravo ◽  
Rolando Martínez ◽  
Mario Thomas ◽  
Claudia Sedan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
The Relationship

Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide spread fungus that causes the grey mold disease, which is considered the most important factor in postharvest losses in fresh fruit crops. Consequently, the control of gray mold is a matter of current and relevant interest for agricultural industries. In this work, a series of phenylpropanoids derived from eugenol were synthesized and characterized. Their effects on the mycelial growth of a virulent and multi-resistant isolate of B. cinerea (PN2) have been evaluated and IC50 values for the most active compounds range between 31–95 ppm. The antifungal activity exhibited by these compounds is strongly related to their chemical structure, i.e., increasing activity has been obtained by isomerization of the double bond or introduction of a nitro group on the aromatic ring. Based on the relationship between the fungicide activities and chemical structure, a mechanism of action is proposed. Finally, the activity of these compounds is higher than that reported for the commercial fungicide BC-1000 that is currently employed to combat this disease. Thus, our results suggest that these compounds are potential candidates to be used in the design of new and effective control with inspired natural compounds of this pathogen.

Biological Activity of Resveratrol, a Stilbenic Compound from Grapevines, Against Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent for Gray Mold

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1689-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Adrian ◽  
Philippe Jeandet ◽  
Jérôme Veneau ◽  
Leslie A. Weston ◽  
Roger Bessis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent

scholarly journals First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold, from Strawberry Fields in Maryland and South Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fernández-Ortuño ◽  
A. Grabke ◽  
P. K. Bryson ◽  
R. J. Rouse ◽  
P. Rollins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
First Report ◽  
Lesion Diameter

Botrytis cinerea Pers. is the causal agent of gray mold and one of the most economically important plant-pathogenic fungi affecting strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Control of gray mold mainly depends on the use of site-specific fungicides, including the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil. This fungicide is currently registered in combination with cyprodinil in form of Switch 62.5WG (Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC) for gray mold control of small fruits in the United States. In June 2013, strawberries affected with symptoms resembling gray mold were observed despite the application of Switch in one field located in Federalsburg, MD, and one located near Chesnee, SC. Ten single-spore isolates, each from a different fruit, were obtained from each location and confirmed to be B. cinerea using cultural and molecular tools as described previously (3). In vitro sensitivity to fludioxonil (Scholar SC, 20.4% [v/v] active ingredient, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, NC) was determined using a conidial germination assay as previously described (4). Eight of the 20 isolates (six from Maryland and two from South Carolina) were moderately resistant to fludioxonil, i.e., they grew on medium amended with 0.1 μg/ml fludixonil and showed residual growth at 10 μg/ml (4). The in vitro assay was repeated obtaining the same results. To assess in vivo sensitivity on fungicide-treated fruit, commercially grown strawberries were rinsed with water, dried, and sprayed 4 h prior to inoculation with either water or 2.5 ml/liter of Scholar SC to runoff using a hand mister. Fruit was stab-wounded with a sterile syringe and inoculated with a 30-μl droplet of conidia suspension (106 spores/ml) of either two sensitive or four resistant isolates (two isolates from Maryland and two isolates from South Carolina). Each isolate/treatment combination consisted of 24 mature but still firm strawberry fruit with three 8-fruit replicates. The fruit were kept at 22°C and lesion diameters were measured after 4 days of inoculation. The sensitive isolates developed gray mold symptoms on nontreated (2.5 cm lesion diameter) but not on Scholar SC-treated fruit. The resistant isolates developed gray mold on both, the water-treated control (2.3 cm lesion diameter), and the fungicide-treated fruit (1.8 cm lesion diameter). The experiment was performed twice. To our knowledge this is the first report of fludioxonil resistance in B. cinerea from strawberry fields in Maryland and South Carolina. Resistance to fludioxonil is still rare in the United States and has only been reported in B. cinerea isolates from a Virginia strawberry field (1). The increase in occurrence of resistance to fludioxonil may be a result of increased use of Switch following reports of resistance to other chemical classes in this pathogen in southern strawberry fields (2). References: (1) D. Fernández-Ortuño et al. Plant Dis. 97:848, 2013. (2) D. Fernández-Ortuño et al. Plant Dis. 96:1198, 2012. (3) D. Fernández-Ortuño et al. Plant Dis. 95:1482, 2011. (4) R. W. S. Weber and M. Hahn. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 118:17, 2011.

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