Arare bone metastasis of mammary carcinoma in a female dog: case report

Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in dogs and are mostly malignant. Metastases ordinarily occur firstly at the pulmonary level, and subsequently in the lymph nodes, liver and kidneys. Less frequently, they appear at the bone. Therefore, the present study report a case of bone metastasis in a seven-year-old female boxer dog, consisting of poorly differentiated carcinoma that probably originated from mammary carcinoma. For the diagnosis, the bone biopsy was performed and the tissue fragmentsobtained were sent for histopathological examination. The positive immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7 performed later reinforced the hypothesis that mammary carcinoma was the primary site of metastasis. The occurrences of bone metastases arising from the mammary gland are rare among dogs, possibly because metastasis is underdiagnosed and the animals do not reach the final stage of the disease. Thereby, there is a need to investigate the entire skeleton more accurately, in order to make an early diagnosis of bone metastasis and increase these animals’ survival.

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Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: esophageal carcinoma metastatic to an intracranial paraganglioma

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2008.9.jns08397 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 110 (4) ◽

pp. 744-748 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jian-Qiang Lu ◽

Moosa Khalil ◽

William Hu ◽

Garnette R. Sutherland ◽

Arthur W. Clark

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Carcinoma ◽

Tumor Metastasis ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Unique Case ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽

History Of ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Tumor To Tumor Metastasis ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a relatively rare but well-documented phenomenon. The authors report a unique case of esophageal carcinoma metastatic to an intracranial paraganglioma. A sellar and suprasellar tumor was found using MR imaging in an 81-year-old man who presented with a 3-week history of progressive headache and blurred vision. A subtotal excision of the tumor was achieved. Histopathological examination of the tumor disclosed a neoplasm with two distinct components: one showing the classic Zellballen pattern of a paraganglioma, the other exhibiting malignant features leading to the diagnosis of a poorly differentiated carcinoma metastatic to a sellar/suprasellar paraganglioma. The primary esophageal carcinoma was not uncovered until 2 months later, after the patient presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient died 4 months after initial presentation. This case expands the spectrum of TTM, and emphasizes the importance of TTM in the practice of pathology.

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The possible protective effect of pumpkin seed extract on mammary carcinoma in rats: An experimental study

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.23.206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 30-34

Author(s):

Walaa AboSeda ◽

Mohamed El-Adl ◽

Mohamed Hamed ◽

El-Said El-Sherbini

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Cyclin D1 ◽

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Pumpkin Seed

Objective: To evaluate the potential protective effect of pumpkins’ seed extract on oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with mammary gland carcinoma in rats. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats. Procedures: Rats were allocated equally to four groups (10 rats each); group 1 (control group); group 2 received 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) subcutaneously in the mammary region to induce carcinoma. Group 3 received pumpkin seed extract at 300 mg/kg body weight orally, and group 4 was treated with both pumpkin seed extract and DMBA. Animals were euthanized after 8 weeks of treatment, and tissues from mammary gland were collected and divided into three portions. The first portion was used to determine antioxidant and oxidative stress markers; the second one was stored in RNA for later estimation of Cyclin D1 expression, and the last portion was stored in neutral buffered formalin (10%) for histopathological examination. Results: Nitric oxide, Malondialdehyde, Reduced Glutathione, Glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a significant decline in rats supplemented with pumpkin seed extract and subjected to induced mammary carcinoma in comparison with diseased non-supplemented rats (P <0.05). In addition, there was a down-expression in cyclin D1 expression in rats supplemented with pumpkin seed extract. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Pumpkins’ seed extract can alleviate the oxidative stress and cyclin D1 expression associated with experimentally induced mammary carcinoma in rats. Further studies are needed to get an evidence for the use of pumpkin seed extract in the clinical practice.

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Breast Carcinoma with Pulmonary Metastasis in Armadillo (Eupharactus sexcinctus)

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.87493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Amanda De Deus Ferreira Alves ◽

Daniel Barreto De Siqueira ◽

Luciana Carla Rameh-de-Albuquerque ◽

Márcio André Silva ◽

Márcia De Figueiredo Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Pleural Effusion ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Breast Neoplasms ◽

Pulmonary Metastasis ◽

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Lung Parenchyma ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Pale Yellow

Background: Breast neoplasms are among the most common neoplastic conditions affecting domestic animals and are considered the most common type of cancer affecting women, bitches, and cats. However, there are few reports on breast neoplasms in wild animals, and there is no record of their occurrence in armadillos worldwide. Breast neoplasms are hormone-dependent neoplasms that often cause lymph node and pulmonary metastases. The diagnosis is based on the patient’s history, complete physical examination, and complementary tests. Here we report a case of mammary neoplasia with pulmonary metastasis in an armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus).Case: A senile female armadillo was referred to us for treatment with a history of hyporexia and nodules in both breasts. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a hypoechogenic nodular lesion with a cross-section of approximately 1.3 × 1.4 cm and well-defined borders. The lesion had a circumscribed aspect in the left mammary gland. In the right mammary gland, there was a heterogeneous lesion with cystic formations and anechoic content. Cytopathological examination of the nodules was performed by fine needle aspiration cytology and revealed the presence of epithelial cells with ovoid and aberrant nuclei, anisocariasis, binucleation, coarse chromatin, and a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio suggestive of carcinoma. The animal had a lean body score due to hyporexia that had evolved to anorexia and was undergoing supportive treatment. Nevertheless, the animal died two months after the cytologic diagnosis. A necropsy was performed. Cutting of the breast nodules revealed a hardened pale yellow material. The animal had pronounced pleural effusion, hemorrhage, and numerous pale yellow nodules of various sizes with firm consistency throughout the lung parenchyma. It also had hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Fragments of various organs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, routinely processed, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Upon microscopic examination, the mammary nodes demonstrated a proliferation of epithelial cells organized into tubular structures with intraluminal papillary projections. The cells had a polyhedral profile and a high nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, moderately pleomorphic evident nuclei. Some cells had coarse chromatin. We observed moderate anisocytosis and anisocariasis, as well as mitotic figures. In the lungs, nodules with the same microscopic characteristics of the mammary nodes were observed in addition to intense congestion and multifocal hemorrhages.Discussion: This type of mammary carcinoma is considered an invasive neoplasm of ductal origin, and is morphologically characterized by rounded, ovoid, or angulated tubule formations with intraluminal projections. The patient’s prognosis is directly related to the occurrence of vascular invasion and metastasis. If present, these conditions may lead to reduced patient survival. Since the lungs are the most common sites of metastasis, pleural effusion caused by vessel erosion due to the presence of tumors is common and can in most cases lead to respiratory failure and eventually death. In this case, the association between the necropsy findings and the results of the histopathological examination enabled us to classify the carcinoma as one of mammary origin and of the tubulopapillary type with pulmonary metastasis. This is the first report of mammary carcinoma in an armadillo in captivity in the world.

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Unusual case of a midline neck swelling in a fifty year old female

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20162182 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Akshay Agarwal ◽

Shilpi Sahu ◽

Reeta Dhar

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Neck Swelling ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽

Underlying Malignancy ◽

Architectural Patterns ◽

Poorly Differentiated

<p class="abstract">Goitrous enlargement of the thyroid can present as a massive enlargement of the neck. It can be so huge as to obscure detection of an underlying malignancy. Poorly differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland is very rare. A 50 year old female patient who was diagnosed preoperatively as having colloid goiter underwent near total thyroidectomy was diagnosed with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma on histopathological examination. This case report highlights the various architectural patterns, azzopardi phenomenon with emphasis on immunohistochemical stains and an aberrant rhabdoid phenotype of tumor cells along with review of literature.</p>

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HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASMS IN CATS

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-30-1-77-85 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Breast Tumors ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Breast Diseases ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Malignant Breast ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Breast Adenocarcinomas

Mammary gland neoplasms in cats are at the top of the list of the most common nosological diseases among domestic animals; more than half of the tumors appear as malignant. Veterinary practitioners have many questions about the prevalence of breast tumors in cats, depending on age, breed and seasons of the year. The article presents the results of diseases prevalence of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats kept in the conditions of Bishkek. The characteristic of macroscopic and microscopic studies of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats at different periods of life and depending on the breed is also described. Studies were conducted in the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Morphological methods were used in the study of breast tumors. As a result of our research, we established the morphological forms of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats. Among benign neoplastic breast diseases in cats, breast lipoma was observed. Also among the malignant tumors of the breast met highly differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas malnutrition and necrosis as well as the rare phylloid (leaf-shaped) fibroadenoma of the mammary gland which makes up only 0.3-0.5 % of all breast tumors.

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Collagen molecular phenotypic switch between non-neoplastic and neoplastic canine mammary tissues

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87380-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Masahiko Terajima ◽

Yuki Taga ◽

Becky K. Brisson ◽

Amy C. Durham ◽

Kotaro Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Critical Role ◽

Premature Death ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Links

AbstractIn spite of major advances over the past several decades in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains a global cause of morbidity and premature death for both human and veterinary patients. Due to multiple shared clinicopathological features, dogs provide an excellent model of human breast cancer, thus, a comparative oncology approach may advance our understanding of breast cancer biology and improve patient outcomes. Despite an increasing awareness of the critical role of fibrillar collagens in breast cancer biology, tumor-permissive collagen features are still ill-defined. Here, we characterize the molecular and morphological phenotypes of type I collagen in canine mammary gland tumors. Canine mammary carcinoma samples contained longer collagen fibers as well as a greater population of wider fibers compared to non-neoplastic and adenoma samples. Furthermore, the total number of collagen cross-links enriched in the stable hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links was significantly increased in neoplastic mammary gland samples compared to non-neoplastic mammary gland tissue. The mass spectrometric analyses of type I collagen revealed that in malignant mammary tumor samples, lysine residues, in particular those in the telopeptides, were markedly over-hydroxylated in comparison to non-neoplastic mammary tissue. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was comparable among the groups. Consistent with these data, expression levels of genes encoding lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) and its molecular chaperone FK506-binding protein 65 were both significantly increased in neoplastic samples. These alterations likely lead to an increase in the LH2-mediated stable collagen cross-links in mammary carcinoma that may promote tumor cell metastasis in these patients.

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Challenging Diagnosis in NUT Carcinoma

International Journal of Surgical Pathology ◽

10.1177/10668969211019532 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106689692110195

Author(s):

Grosse Claudia ◽

Grosse Alexandra

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Protein ◽

Hematological Malignancy ◽

Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Differentiation ◽

Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Nut Carcinoma ◽

Disseminated Disease ◽

Generation Sequencing

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma represents a highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that is genetically defined by rearrangement of NUT gene. The histomorphological appearance ranges from entirely undifferentiated carcinoma to carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation. NUT carcinoma can display neuroendocrine features. Although it is typically distributed along the midline axis, it may manifest in nonmidline locations. The majority of patients develop rapidly disseminated disease. We illustrate 2 cases of NUT carcinoma, one located in the lung, which closely resembled a neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the other one with assumed lung origin demonstrating metastatic dissemination with diffuse bone involvement, which was clinically first suspected to be a hematological malignancy. Due to its undifferentiated nature, NUT carcinoma may be confused with many entities. NUT immunohistochemistry is considered to be sufficient for the diagnosis. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis and next-generation sequencing are currently used to confirm the diagnosis.

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Hairy Cell Leukemia Presenting with Isolated Skeletal Involvement Successfully Treated by Radiation Therapy and Cladribine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Case Reports in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2015/803921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ipek Yonal-Hindilerden ◽

Fehmi Hindilerden ◽

Sanem Bulut-Dereli ◽

Eren Yıldız ◽

Ibrahim Oner Dogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Bone Biopsy ◽

Bone Marrow Involvement ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

Hairy Cell ◽

Cell Leukemia ◽

Initial Manifestation ◽

Skeletal Involvement

We describe an unusual case of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in a 55-year-old male presenting with isolated skeletal disease as the initial manifestation without abnormal peripheral blood counts, bone marrow involvement, or splenomegaly. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two previous reports of a similar case. The patient presented with pain in the right femur. Anteroposterior radiographs of both femurs revealed mixed lytic-sclerotic lesions. PET scan showed multiple metastatic lesions on axial skeleton, pelvis, and both femurs. Histopathological examination of the bone biopsy revealed an infiltrate of HCL. Localized radiation therapy to both proximal femurs and subsequently 4 weeks later, a 7-day course of 0.1 mg/kg/day cladribine provided complete remission with relief of symptoms and resolution of bone lesions. We addressed the manifestations and management of HCL patients with skeletal involvement.

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