THE IMPACT OF BUILDING ORIENTATION ON RESIDENTIAL HEATING AND COOLING

Electrifying energy sectors using renewable rich electricity is one of the many decarbonization pathways being adopted to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among these, the heating and cooling sector, both energy and carbon intensive, is attracting a lot of attention. Power-to-heat technology (PtH) along with thermal energy storage systems is widely adopted to decarbonise this sector. However, increased penetration of PtH may cause congestion in existing electrical grid infrastructures, and hence needs for network upgrades. In this context, our paper presents a quantitative analysis on the impact of electrifying domestic dwellings (existing and new) in Ireland. The analysis encompasses costs, benefits, renewable power curtailment and regional distribution of optimal electrification of the housing stock. Analysis reveal significant grid expansion needs with increasing levels of PtH. This impact is pronounced without appropriate thermal storage. On the flip side, it leads to a more efficient utilisation of renewable energy by reducing curtailment.

Download Full-text

The impact of trees and white surfaces on residential heating and cooling energy use in four Canadian cities

Energy ◽

10.1016/0360-5442(92)90063-6 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Hashem Akbari ◽

Haider Taha

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Residential Heating ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Damage Evolution of Granodiorite after Heating and Cooling Treatments

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11070779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 779

Author(s):

Mohamed Gomah ◽

Guichen Li ◽

Salah Bader ◽

Mohamed Elkarmoty ◽

Mohamed Ismael

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Failure Mode ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

P Wave ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Slow Cooling ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Natural Rock ◽

The Impact

The awareness of the impact of high temperatures on rock properties is essential to the design of deep geotechnical applications. The purpose of this research is to assess the influence of heating and cooling treatments on the physical and mechanical properties of Egyptian granodiorite as a degrading factor. The samples were heated to various temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) and then cooled at different rates, either slowly cooled in the oven and air or quickly cooled in water. The porosity, water absorption, P-wave velocity, tensile strength, failure mode, and associated microstructural alterations due to thermal effect have been studied. The study revealed that the granodiorite has a slight drop in tensile strength, up to 400 °C, for slow cooling routes and that most of the physical attributes are comparable to natural rock. Despite this, granodiorite thermal deterioration is substantially higher for quick cooling than for slow cooling. Between 400:600 °C is ‘the transitional stage’, where the physical and mechanical characteristics degraded exponentially for all cooling pathways. Independent of the cooling method, the granodiorite showed a ductile failure mode associated with reduced peak tensile strengths. Additionally, the microstructure altered from predominantly intergranular cracking to more trans-granular cracking at 600 °C. The integrity of the granodiorite structure was compromised at 800 °C, the physical parameters deteriorated, and the rock tensile strength was negligible. In this research, the temperatures of 400, 600, and 800 °C were remarked to be typical of three divergent phases of granodiorite mechanical and physical properties evolution. Furthermore, 400 °C could be considered as the threshold limit for Egyptian granodiorite physical and mechanical properties for typical thermal underground applications.

Download Full-text

The impact of technology on architecture in Iran with focus on saving in energy consumption

Environment Conservation Journal ◽

10.36953/ecj.2015.se1610 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (SE) ◽

pp. 97-103

Author(s):

Allah Bakhsh Kavoosi ◽

Shahin Heidari ◽

Hamed Mazaherian

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Demand Prediction ◽

Interior Spaces ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Impact Of Technology ◽

Contemporary Architecture ◽

The Impact ◽

The Given

Growth and development of technology caused enormous transformation and change in the world after Industrial Revolution. The contemporary human has prepared the platform for their realization in many activities that the humans were unable to do it in the past time and struck the dream of their realization in their mind so that today doing many of those activities have been apparently practical by human. This accelerating growth accompanied with consuming a lot of energy where with respect to restriction of the given existing resources, it created energy crises. On the other hand, along with growth in industry and requirement for manpower and immigration from village to city and basic architectural changes in houses, which have emerged due to change in social structure it has led to change in lifestyle and type and quantity of consuming energy in contemporary architecture. Inter alia, with increase in human’s capability, cooling and heating and acoustic and lighting technologies were also changed in architecture and using mechanical system was replaced by traditional systems. Application of modern systems, which resulted from growth of industry and development of technology and it unfortunately, caused further manipulation in nature and destruction of it by human in addition to improving capability and potential of human’s creativity. With respect to growth of population and further need for housing and tendency to the dependent heating and cooling systems to them in this article we may notice that the housing is assumed as the greatest consumer of energy to create balance among the exterior and interior spaces in line with creating welfare conditions for heating and cooling and lighting. The tables of energy demand prediction in Iran show that these costs and energy consumption will be dubbed with energy control smart management in architecture.

Download Full-text

Efficiency of solar energy use for residential heating and cooling

Energy ◽

10.1016/0360-5442(81)90056-6 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 519-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Muneer ◽

M. Hawas

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Residential Heating

Download Full-text

Outer wall with thermal barrier. Impact of the barrier on heat losses and CO2 emissions

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska ◽

10.22630/pniks.2020.29.2.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233

Author(s):

Ewa Figiel ◽

Dorota Leciej-Pirczewska

Keyword(s):

Meteorological Data ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Outer Wall ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Thermal Barrier ◽

Single Family ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

The Impact ◽

Supply Systems

New demands for lowering energy consumption of buildings lead to many new solutions including, amongst others, the introduction of an outer wall thermal barrier for both heating and cooling effect. The analysed thermo-active-wall-barrier is a water-based system, where the pipes are embedded in the wall construction. It enables the use of a low-temperature barrier medium for space heating, thereby increasing the efficiency of all potential energy supply systems using renewable energy sources. The pipes form an active thermal barrier for heat transfer between the outer and the heated space. There are many possibilities to place the pipes in the wall for example in the case of energetic thermo-modernisation. Our research and calculations have shown that thermo-active-wall-barrier is sensitive to the location of pipes. The following paper also provides a study of the impact of thermal barrier on a building’s energy performance. The analysis was conducted for a single-family house in a temperate climate based on parameters taken from one of the Polish meteorological data-bases. Calculations using current procedure of evaluating building energy performance show, that the thermal barrier can contribute to signifi cant reduction of transmission energy loss thus lowering the environmental impact.

Download Full-text

Heat Treatment of Steel 1.1730 with Concentrated Solar Energy

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.19.1.5163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 261-270

Author(s):

Maria Stoicanescu ◽

Aurel Crisan ◽

Ioan Milosan ◽

Mihai Alin Pop ◽

Jose Rodriguez Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Solar Furnace ◽

Solid Base ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Concentrated Solar Energy ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

This paper presents and discusses research conducted with the purpose of developing the use of solar energy in the heat treatment of steels. For this, a vertical axis solar furnace called at Plataforma Solar de Almeria was adapted such as to allow control of the heating and cooling processes of samples made from 1.1730 steel. Thus temperature variation in pre-set points of the heated samples could be monitored in correlation with the working parameters: the level of solar radiation and implicitly the energy used the conditions of sample exposed to solar radiation, and the various protections and cooling mediums.The recorded data allowed establishing the types of treatments applied for certain working conditions. The distribution of hardness, as the representative feature resulting from heat treatment, was analysed on all sides of the treated samples. In correlation with the time-temperature-transformation diagram of 1.1730 steel, the measured values confirmed the possibility of using solar energy in all types of heat treatment applied to this steel. In parallel the efficiency of using solar energy was analysed in comparison to the energy obtained by burning methane gas for the heat treatment for the same set of samples. The analysis considered energy consumption, productivity and the impact on the environment. Thanks to various data obtained through developed experiences, which cover a wide range of thermic treatments applied steels 1.1730 model, we can certainly state that this can be a solid base in using solar energy in applications of thermic treatment at a high industrial level.

Download Full-text

Long-Term Prediction of Weather for Analysis of Residential Building Energy Consumption in Australia

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14164805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4805

Author(s):

Shu Chen ◽

Zhengen Ren ◽

Zhi Tang ◽

Xianrong Zhuo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Residential Building ◽

Building Energy ◽

Space Heating ◽

Building Energy Consumption ◽

Climate Zones ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

The Impact

Globally, buildings account for nearly 40% of the total primary energy consumption and are responsible for 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption in buildings is increasing with the increasing world population and improving standards of living. Current global warming conditions will inevitably impact building energy consumption. To address this issue, this report conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of climate change on residential building energy consumption. Using the methodology of morphing, the weather files were constructed based on the typical meteorological year (TMY) data and predicted data generated from eight typical global climate models (GCMs) for three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) from 2020 to 2100. It was found that the most severe situation would occur in scenario RCP8.5, where the increase in temperature will reach 4.5 °C in eastern Australia from 2080–2099, which is 1 °C higher than that in other climate zones. With the construction of predicted weather files in 83 climate zones all across Australia, ten climate zones (cities)—ranging from heating-dominated to cooling-dominated regions—were selected as representative climate zones to illustrate the impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy consumption. The quantitative change in the energy requirements for space heating and cooling, along with the star rating, was simulated for two representative detached houses using the AccuRate software. It could be concluded that the RCP scenarios significantly affect the energy loads, which is consistent with changes in the ambient temperature. The heating load decreases for all climate zones, while the cooling load increases. Most regions in Australia will increase their energy consumption due to rising temperatures; however, the energy requirements of Adelaide and Perth would not change significantly, where the space heating and cooling loads are balanced due to decreasing heating and increasing cooling costs in most scenarios. The energy load in bigger houses will change more than that in smaller houses. Furthermore, Brisbane is the most sensitive region in terms of relative space energy changes, and Townsville appears to be the most sensitive area in terms of star rating change in this study. The impact of climate change on space building energy consumption in different climate zones should be considered in future design strategies due to the decades-long lifespans of Australian residential houses.

Download Full-text