The Roles of Bursal Nonapeptide (BP9) on AIV Vaccine Immune Response in Chick Immunization and on Avian Immature B Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 940-948
Author(s):  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Man M. Zong ◽  
Bo Y. Chen ◽  
Xiao H. Zhou ◽  
Zi N. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Dt40 Cells

Background: Bursa of Fabricius plays the vital functions on B cell development and antibody production in poultry. The bursal-derived peptide plays the essential roles on avian immature B cell development. Objectives: Here we explored the functions of the recently reported bursal nonapeptide (BP9) on the antibody production and the molecular basis of BP9 on avian immature B cell. Methods: Chicken were twice immunized with Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) inactivated vaccine plus with BP9 at three dosages, respectively. On two weeks after the second immunization, sera samples were collected from all experimental groups to measure AIV-specific Agglutination Inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Also, on 7th day after the second immunization, spleen lymphocytes were isolated from the immunized chicken to detect the lymphocyte viabilities. DT40 cells were treated with BP9 from 0.02 to 2 μg/mL for 4 and 20h to detect sIgM mRNA levels, and total RNAs from BP9-treated DT40 cells were collected to investigate the gene expression profiles of DT40 cells, and to analyze the enriched pathways and functional biological processes. Finally, nine gene expressions were validated with quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: Our investigation proved the strong regulatory roles of BP9 on AIV-specific HI antibody titers and lymphocyte viabilities. BP9 promoted sIgM mRNA levels in DT40 cells, and upregulated 598 gene expressions and downregulated 395 gene expressions in DT40 cells with 0.2μg/mL BP9 treatment. Moreover, our findings verified the significantly enriched six pathways and various the biological functional processes of BP9 on avian immature B cell. Also, we found eight signaling pathways in the enriched biological processes of BP9-treated DT40 cells, and the expressions of nine selected genes with qPCR were identical to that of microarray data. Conclusion: BP9 promoted the antibody production in the 21-old-day chicken immunization, and stimulated the sIgM expression in DT40 cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the gene expression profile and immune-related biological processes of DT40 cells treated with BP9, which provided some new insights into the mechanism on immature B cell development, and provided important references for adjuvant development on vaccine improvement and clinical application.

scholarly journals Forced usage of positively charged amino acids in immunoglobulin CDR-H3 impairs B cell development and antibody production

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Ippolito ◽  
Robert L. Schelonka ◽  
Michael Zemlin ◽  
Ivaylo I. Ivanov ◽  
Ryoki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Antigen Binding Site ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Charged Amino Acids ◽  
Antibody Titers

Tyrosine and glycine constitute 40% of complementarity determining region 3 of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (CDR-H3), the center of the classic antigen-binding site. To assess the role of DH RF1-encoded tyrosine and glycine in regulating CDR-H3 content and potentially influencing B cell function, we created mice limited to a single DH encoding asparagine, histidine, and arginines in RF1. Tyrosine and glycine content in CDR-H3 was halved. Bone marrow and spleen mature B cell and peritoneal cavity B-1 cell numbers were also halved, whereas marginal zone B cell numbers increased. Serum immunoglobulin G subclass levels and antibody titers to T-dependent and T-independent antigens all declined. Thus, violation of the conserved preference for tyrosine and glycine in DH RF1 alters CDR-H3 content and impairs B cell development and antibody production.

Genetic Control of DH Reading Frame and Its Effect on B-Cell Development and Antigen-Specifc Antibody Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Schroeder, Jr. ◽  
Michael Zemlin ◽  
Mohamed Khass ◽  
Huan H. Nguyen ◽  
Robert L. Schelonka
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Reading Frame

ABCG2 Is Expressed in a Small Population of Circulating CLL B-Cells Characterized by Expression of Self-Renewal and Early B-Cell Development Genes and Resistance to Therapy

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3156-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz S. Nowakowski ◽  
Xiaosheng Wu ◽  
Jennifer L. Abrahamzon ◽  
Renee Tschumper ◽  
Neil E. Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Small Population ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Resistance To Therapy

Abstract Background: Normal and tumor stem cells are characterized by high activity of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters. One of these, ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G member 2 protein), is an ATP dependent transporter and putative stem cell marker responsible for verapamil sensitive Hoechst efflux. While ABCG2 is known to be expressed in normal and leukemic stem cells, as well as a small population of normal lymphocytes and some B-cell malignancies, its expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is unknown. It has been postulated that leukemic stem cells due to their quiescent nature and expression of MDR transporters represent a population resistant to therapy and that this residual population is critical for tumor persistence and recurrence. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ABCG2 is expressed in a small percentage of primary CLL B cells; gene expression profiles of ABCG2 positive versus ABCG2 negative CLL B cells differ in respect to expression of self renewal and lymphoid development genes; the frequency of ABCG2+ CLL B cells increases after treatment in patients responding to therapy. Methods: We analyzed ABCG2 expression by primary CD5+, CD19+ CLL-B cells from untreated CLL patients of all Rai stages by flow cytometry. In a subset of patients we used fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to sort CD19+, CD5+ ABCG2+ and CD19+, CD5+ ABCG2- cells. Gene expression profiling was then performed using the U133 plus 2.0 Affymetrix microarray platform. In a separate cohort of patients treated in a clinical trial of pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab (PCR), the percentage of ABCG2+, CD19+, CD5+, CD79b dim cells at baseline and then two months after completion of 6 cycles of PCR therapy where patients had minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed and correlated with clinical response. Results: ABCG2+ CD19+, CD5+ detectable populations were seen in all 20 CLL assessed patients (median percentage 0.6%; range 0.08%–3.8%). There was no difference in percentage of ABCG2+ cells based on Rai stage, IGVH mutational status, Zap70 or CD38 expression. Preliminary analysis of the gene expression profiling of ABCG2 positive versus negative CLL B cells from four randomly selected patients revealed significantly higher expression of genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle and early B-cell development including: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C, p=0.034), transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2, involved in WNT pathway regulation, p=0.016), beta-catenin (p=0.034) and pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor 1 (PBEF-1, p=0.037). Flow based assessment of the levels of ABCG2 positive populations at baseline and after therapy with PCR in patients with minimal residual disease showed a dramatic increase in frequency of ABCG2 positive CLL B cells. The percentage of ABCG2+ cells went from a median level of 0.19% (range 0.04%–0.19%) prior to therapy to a median level of 10.93% (range 0.15%–25.12%), p<0.001. In contrast two patients who did not reach MRD (partial responses by NCI-WG criteria) had no significant increase in percentage of ABCG2 positive cells (0.14%; 0.23% and 0.16%; 0.21% prior and after therapy, respectively, p=0.68). Conclusion: Our data indicate that ABCG2 positive CLL B-cells constitute 0.1–3.8% of circulating CLL B-cells in untreated patients. The frequency of ABCG2+ CLL B-cells appears to dramatically increase after therapy in the MRD state; this could be related to their relative resistance to therapy and/or a shift from extravascular compartments post therapy. Since ABCG2 positive CLL B-cells demonstrate expression of early B-cell development and self-renewal genes we believe that that this population could represent a putative self renewing CLL B-cell compartment. Further studies to characterize features of ABCG2 CLL-B –cells in relation to their capacity to be self renewing and resistance to therapy are warranted.

Rabbit DQ52 and DH gene expression in early B-cell development

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 1313-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Tang Chen ◽  
Cornelius B. Alexander ◽  
Fei Fei Chen ◽  
Rose G. Mage
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development

Human B Cell Development and Antibody Production in Humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NSG) Mice Conditioned by Busulfan

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongkum Choi ◽  
Eunyoung Chun ◽  
Miyoung Kim ◽  
Seong-Tae Kim ◽  
Keejung Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Nsg Mice ◽  
Human B Cell

RNA analysis of B cell lines arrested at defined stages of differentiation allows for an approximation of gene expression patterns during B cell development

2003 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Tsapogas ◽  
Thomas Breslin ◽  
Sven Bilke ◽  
Anna Lagergren ◽  
Robert Månsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Analysis

scholarly journals Key pathways are frequently mutated in high-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 3080-3087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghui Zhang ◽  
Charles G. Mullighan ◽  
Richard C. Harvey ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
B Cell ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Ras Signaling ◽  
Somatic Alterations

Abstract We sequenced 120 candidate genes in 187 high-risk childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias, the largest pediatric cancer genome sequencing effort reported to date. Integrated analysis of 179 validated somatic sequence mutations with genome-wide copy number alterations and gene expression profiles revealed a high frequency of recurrent somatic alterations in key signaling pathways, including B-cell development/differentiation (68% of cases), the TP53/RB tumor suppressor pathway (54%), Ras signaling (50%), and Janus kinases (11%). Recurrent mutations were also found in ETV6 (6 cases), TBL1XR1 (3), CREBBP (3), MUC4 (2), ASMTL (2), and ADARB2 (2). The frequency of mutations within the 4 major pathways varied markedly across genetic subtypes. Among 23 leukemias expressing a BCR-ABL1-like gene expression profile, 96% had somatic alterations in B-cell development/differentiation, 57% in JAK, and 52% in both pathways, whereas only 9% had Ras pathway mutations. In contrast, 21 cases defined by a distinct gene expression profile coupled with focal ERG deletion rarely had B-cell development/differentiation or JAK kinase alterations but had a high frequency (62%) of Ras signaling pathway mutations. These data extend the range of genes that are recurrently mutated in high-risk childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and highlight important new therapeutic targets for selected patient subsets.

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