The Brief Analysis of Peptide-combined Nanoparticle: Nanomedicine’s Unique Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiemin Wang ◽  
Junyong Wu ◽  
Yongjiang Li ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Jiaxin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Pharmaceutical Science ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Loading Efficiency ◽  
Therapeutic Peptides

: Therapeutic peptides (TPs) are biological macromolecules which can act as neurotransmitters, hormones, ion channel ligands and growth factors. Undoubtedly, TPs are crucial in modern medicine. But low bio-stability and some special adverse reactions reduce their places to the application. : With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles (NPs) in pharmaceutical science gained much attention. They can encapsulate the TPs into their membrane or shell. Therefore, they can protect the TPs against degradation and then increase the bioavailability, which was thought to be the biggest advantage of them. Additionally, targeting was also studied to improve the effect of TPs. However, there were some drawbacks of nano TPs like low loading efficiency and difficulty to manufacture. : Nowadays, lots of studies focused on improving effect of TPs by preparing nanoparticles. In this review, we presented a brief analysis of peptide-combined nanoparticles. Their advantages and disadvantages were listed in terms of mechanism. And several examples of applications were summarized.

scholarly journals Scanning and Actuation Techniques for Cantilever-Based Fiber Optic Endoscopic Scanners—A Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Pierre M. Lane ◽  
Carlo Menon
Keyword(s):  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Image Area ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Scanning Fiber

Endoscopes are used routinely in modern medicine for in-vivo imaging of luminal organs. Technical advances in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and optical fields have enabled the further miniaturization of endoscopes, resulting in the ability to image previously inaccessible small-caliber luminal organs, enabling the early detection of lesions and other abnormalities in these tissues. The development of scanning fiber endoscopes supports the fabrication of small cantilever-based imaging devices without compromising the image resolution. The size of an endoscope is highly dependent on the actuation and scanning method used to illuminate the target image area. Different actuation methods used in the design of small-sized cantilever-based endoscopes are reviewed in this paper along with their working principles, advantages and disadvantages, generated scanning patterns, and applications.

scholarly journals Topological Aspects of the Design of Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Knauer ◽  
Ekaterina Pashkina ◽  
Evgeny Apartsin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Topological Type ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Topological Groups ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Therapeutic Peptides ◽  
Polypeptide Chains ◽  
Careful Design ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Supramolecular chemistry holds great potential for the design of versatile and safe carriers for therapeutic proteins and peptides. Nanocarriers can be designed to meet specific criteria for given application (exact drug, administration route, target tissue, etc.). However, alterations in the topology of formulation components can drastically change their activity. This is why the supramolecular topology of therapeutic nanoconstructions has to be considered. Herein, we discuss several topological groups used for the design of nanoformulations for peptide and protein delivery: modification of polypeptide chains by host-guest interactions; packaging of proteins and peptides into liposomes; complexation and conjugation with dendrimers. Each topological type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so careful design of nanoformulations is needed. Ideally, each case where nanomedicine is needed requires a therapeutic construction specially created for that taking into account features of the administration route, target tissue, or organ, properties of a drug, its bioavailability, etc. The wide number of studies in the field of protein delivery by supramolecular and nanocarriers for proteins and peptides evidence their increasing potential for different aspects of the innovative medicine. Although significant progress has been achieved in the field, there are several remaining challenges to be overcome in future.

scholarly journals Development of Injectable Fucoidan and Biological Macromolecules Hybrid Hydrogels for Intra-Articular Delivery of Platelet-Rich Plasma

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu ◽  
Chang ◽  
Tsai ◽  
Chen ◽  
Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors and has commonly been utilized in the repair and regeneration of damaged articular cartilage. However, the major drawbacks of direct PRP injection are unstable biological fixation and fast or burst release of growth factors. Fucoidan is a heparinoid compound that can bind growth factors to control their release rate. Furthermore, fucoidan can reduce arthritis through suppressing inflammatory responses and thus it has been reported to prevent the progression of osteoarthritis, promote bone regeneration and accelerate healing of cartilage injury. Injectable hydrogels can be used to deliver cells and growth factors for an alternative, less invasive treatment of cartilage defects. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) and fucoidan (FD) was blended with gelatin (GLT) and the GLT/HA/FD hybrid was further cross-linked with genipin (GP) to prepare injectable GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogels. The gelation rate was affected by the GP, GLT, HA and FD concentrations, as well as the pH values. The addition of HA and FD to GLT networks improved the mechanical strength of the hydrogels and facilitated the sustained release of PRP growth factors. The GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogel showed adequate injectability, shape-persistent property and strong adhesive ability, and was more resistant to enzymatic degradation. The PRP-loaded GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogel promoted cartilage regeneration in rabbits, which may lead to an advanced PRP therapy for enhancing cartilage repair.

Ekpe jasaýǵa qatysty dіnı kózqarastar men ustanymdardyń salystyrmaly taldaýy [Comparative Analysis of Views and Principles Regarding Vaccination]

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (117) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
D.A. Dılbarhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article discusses the history, present, and future of vaccination and it is characterized from a medical point of view. The advantages and disadvantages of vaccination are differentiated. It discusses issues related to vaccination in world practice and in our country and analyzes the views and principles of representatives of different religions on vaccination, the basis and sources on which these principles are based, as well as their goals and sides, which are considered as obstacles. A review of the opinions, permissions and prohibitions of individuals who can speak on behalf of religion regarding vaccination is made based on accurate data. Taking into account the possibilities of modern medicine, it is shown that vaccination is a necessary and important step. Мақалада екпе жасаудың тарихы, бүгіні, болашағы қарастырылып, медициналық көзқарас тұрғысынан сипатталады. Екпе жасатудың артықшылықтары мен кемшін тұстары сараланады. Әлемдік тәжірибедегі және еліміздегі екпеге қатысты мәселелер жайлы сөз қозғалады. Түрлі дін өкілдерінің екпе жасатуға қатысты көзқарастары мен ұстанымдары талданып, ол ұстанымдардың негіздері мен сүйенетін дереккөздері, көздеген мақсаттары мен кедергі ретінде көретін тұстары жайлы талқыланады. Нақты деректер негізінде діндер атынан сөйлей алатын өкілетті тұлғалардың екпе жасатуға қатысты пікірлері, рұқсаттары мен тыйымдарына шолу жасалады. Қазіргі заманғы медицинаның мүмкіндіктерін ойға ала отырып, екпе жасатудың қажетті және маңызды, әрі қауіпсіз қадам екендігі көрсетіледі.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the assessment of comorbidity in patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Gulzhan I. Sarsenbayeva ◽  
Anar E. Tursynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Instrumental Assessment ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Index Index

Aim. To provide modern data on advantages and disadvantages of available international comorbidity scales and indices. Materials and methods. Data of 29 scientific sources published in Russian and foreign literature press within 1973-2018 are considered. Results. The presence of comorbidity in a patient is an issue of modern medicine. In most cases some comorbid diseases if timely diagnosed and managed in accordance with algorithms for medical care can be corrected and treated. In order to control risks of development of complications and to prescribe an effective therapy for comorbidity the international and national clinical guidelines have been created. They include algorithms for clinical and instrumental assessment of complications and provide scales and indices, such as Cumulative lllness Rating Scale (CIRS), Charlson comorbidity index, Kaplan-Feinstein index, Index of Co-Existent Disease (ICED), Geriatric Index of Comorbidity (GIC), Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) et al. Data of Canadian comparative study of 5 international scales of comorbidity in patients with head and neck cancers showed a significant impact of comorbidity on survival of patients with different stages of neoplasms. It was emphasized that the index of comorbidity is necessary to control an impact of comorbid diseases on the patients' status in the long-term period. The Kaplan-Feinstein scale was the best index for assessing a survival of patients with head and neck cancer. According to V.de Groot, the most widely studied comorbidity index for predicting mortality is the Charlson index. Each index has its advantages and disadvantages and is used in different clinical situations. Conclusion. General comorbidity index is a comprehensive summary score of a disease combination or severity, which combines all conditions, problems and illnesses of patients, weights them by severity, and it significantly affects treatment tactics and outcome in a future.

Surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
A. S. Tokarev ◽  
E. N. Rozhnova ◽  
M. V. Sinkin ◽  
A. A. Tomskiy ◽  
V. A. Rak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system, leading to a significant limitation of the functional state of patients. Modern medicine has several methods of medical and surgical treatment for this pathology. In the review, all stages of the surgical treatment of PD are considered, starting with the descriptions of the resection of the precentral gyrus of historical interest to stereotaxic lesions by various methods of exposure and electrical stimulation of the deep brain structures. The indications for each of the methods, their advantages and disadvantages, the principles of patient selection are presented. Indications for neurosurgical treatment are determined taking into account the international CAPSIT-PD criteria. Stereotactic lesions lead to irreversible changes in the medulla, therefore their widespread use is limited. Stimulation with deep electrodes has advantages in disease progression due to the possibility of changing the stimulation parameters and the possibility of a bilateral effect on motor symptoms. Surgical treatment of PD does not mean the cancelling of drug therapy, but it can reduce the dose of anti-Parkinsonian drugs and reduce their side effects. The best result can be achieved with timely operation and correct selection of patients by a multidisciplinary medical team with considering the characteristics of the course of the disease, the possibility of long-term postoperative observation of the patient and correction of stimulation parameters.

scholarly journals Role of growth factors in mesangial cell ion channel regulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1158-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Ling ◽  
Hiroshi Matsunaga ◽  
Heping Ma ◽  
Douglas C. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Mesangial Cell ◽  
Ion Channel Regulation ◽  
Channel Regulation

scholarly journals The Role of Growth Factors in Bioactive Coatings

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Dragana Bjelić ◽  
Matjaž Finšgar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Bioactive Coatings ◽  
Bioactive Coating ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

With increasing obesity and an ageing population, health complications are also on the rise, such as the need to replace a joint with an artificial one. In both humans and animals, the integration of the implant is crucial, and bioactive coatings play an important role in bone tissue engineering. Since bone tissue engineering is about designing an implant that maximally mimics natural bone and is accepted by the tissue, the search for optimal materials and therapeutic agents and their concentrations is increasing. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs) in a bioactive coating represents a novel approach in bone tissue engineering, in which osteoinduction is enhanced in order to create the optimal conditions for the bone healing process, which crucially affects implant fixation. For the application of GFs in coatings and their implementation in clinical practice, factors such as the choice of one or more GFs, their concentration, the coating material, the method of incorporation, and the implant material must be considered to achieve the desired controlled release. Therefore, the avoidance of revision surgery also depends on the success of the design of the most appropriate bioactive coating. This overview considers the integration of the most common GFs that have been investigated in in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in human clinical trials, with the aim of applying them in bioactive coatings. An overview of the main therapeutic agents that can stimulate cells to express the GFs necessary for bone tissue development is also provided. The main objective is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the GFs that have shown promise for inclusion in bioactive coatings according to the results of numerous studies.

scholarly journals Single-Channel Permeability from Markovian Milestoning, Umbrella Sampling, and Voltage Simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Lin ◽  
Yun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Umbrella Sampling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Channel Permeability ◽  
Small Conductance

Permeations of ions and small molecules through membrane channels have diverse functions within cells. Various all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations methods have been developed for computing free energy and crossing rate of permeants. However, a systemic comparison across different methods is scarce. Here, using a carbon nanotube as a model of small conductance (~2 pS) ion channel, we systemically compared three classes of MD-based approaches for computing single-channel permeability for potassium ion: equilibrium free energy-based approach using umbrella sampling, rare-even sampling approach using Markovian milestoning, and steady-state approach using applied voltages. The consistent kinetic results from all three methods demonstrated the robustness of MD-based methods in computing ion channel permeation. Two solvent boundary conditions are tested for milestoning and yield consistent forward and backward mean first passage time (MFPT). The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, with the focus on the future applications of milestoning in more complex systems.

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