Protective Effects of Phenylpropanoids and Phenylpropanoid-rich Essential Oils on the Cardiovascular System

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 1459-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Alves-Silva ◽  
Mónica Zuzarte ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
Henrique Girão ◽  
Lígia Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plant Metabolites

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality with a tendency to increase due to population ageing as well as an increase in associated risk factors. Although current therapies improve survival rates, they are associated with several side effects, thus justifying the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches. In this way, plant metabolites such as essential oils have emerged as promising agents due to their biological effects. Objective: Bearing in mind that several essential oils are characterized by high amounts of phenylpropanoids, which may play a crucial role in the activity of these volatile extracts, a comprehensive and systematic review focusing on the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanoid-rich essential oils is presented. Methods: Popular search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were consulted and papers from 2000 onwards were selected. Non-volatile phenylpropanoids were not considered in this review. Results: A compilation of the current knowledge on this thematic pointed out beneficial effects for volatile phenylpropanoids namely hypotensive, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet aggregation, antidyslipidaemic and antidiabetic, as well as protective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart hypertrophy. Conclusion: A better understanding of the protective effects of phenylpropanoids on the cardiovascular system is presented, thus paving the way towards future research on plant-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Irisin in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan Fu ◽  
Fangtang Li ◽  
Yuanjuan Tang ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Chunyu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain ◽  
Insulin Use

Abstract Irisin, a novel hormone like polypeptide, is cleaved and secreted by an unknown protease from a membrane‐spanning protein, FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5). The current knowledge on the biological functions of irisin includes browning white adipose tissue, regulating insulin use, and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Dysfunction of irisin has shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, irisin gene variants are also associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on irisin‐mediated regulatory mechanisms and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide in the Cardiovascular System: A Small Molecule with Promising Therapeutic Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Tikhomirova ◽  
Alexei Muravyov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

this review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter – simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2S action and molecular crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Human neutrophils ROS inhibition and protective effects of Myrtus communis leaves essential oils against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 16645-16655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed-Amine Jabri ◽  
Soumaya Hajaji ◽  
Lamjed Marzouki ◽  
Jamel El-Benna ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion

The aim of the present work was to investigate the mechanism implicated in the protective effects ofMyrtus communisleaves essential oils (MCEO) on human neutrophils reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

scholarly journals Emerging role of VCP/p97 in cardiovascular diseases: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Shu ◽  
Yizhong Peng ◽  
Weijian Hang ◽  
Ning Zhou ◽  
Dao Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Heart Research

Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) is a member of the conserved type II AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) family of proteins with multiple biological functions, especially in protein homeostasis. Mutations in VCP/p97 are reportedly related to unique autosomal dominant diseases, which may worsen cardiac function. Although the structure of VCP/p97 has been clearly characterized, with reports of high abundance in the heart, research focusing on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the roles of VCP/p97 in the cardiovascular system has been recently undertaken over the past decades. Recent studies have shown that VCP/p97 deficiency affects myocardial fibers and induces heart failure, while overexpression of VCP/p97 eliminates ischemia/reperfusion injury and relieves pathological cardiac hypertrophy caused by cardiac pressure overload, which is related to changes in the mitochondria and calcium overload. However, certain studies have drawn opposing conclusions, including the mitigation of ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibition of VCP/p97 ATPase activity. Nevertheless, these emerging studies shed light on the role of VCP/p97 and its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases. In other words, VCP/p97 may be involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, and is anticipated to be a new therapeutic target. This review summarizes current findings regarding VCP/p97 in the cardiovascular system for the first time, and discusses the role of VCP/p97 in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Liver–Visceral Adipose Axis During Hepatic Resection and Liver Transplantation

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Cornide-Petronio ◽  
Mónica B. Jiménez-Castro ◽  
Jordi Gracia-Sancho ◽  
Carmen Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

In the last decade, adipose tissue has emerged as an endocrine organ with a key role in energy homeostasis. In addition, there is close crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the liver, since pro- and anti-inflammatory substances produced at the visceral adipose tissue level directly target the liver through the portal vein. During surgical procedures, including hepatic resection and liver transplantation, ischemia–reperfusion injury induces damage and regenerative failure. It has been suggested that adipose tissue is associated with both pathological or, on the contrary, with protective effects on damage and regenerative response after liver surgery. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the liver during liver surgery. Therapeutic strategies as well as the clinical and scientific controversies in this field are discussed. The different experimental models, such as lipectomy, to evaluate the role of adipose tissue in both steatotic and nonsteatotic livers undergoing surgery, are described. Such information may be useful for the establishment of protective strategies aimed at regulating the liver–visceral adipose tissue axis and improving the postoperative outcomes in clinical liver surgery.

scholarly journals Nrf2 as a Key Player of Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. S1-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BARANČÍK ◽  
L. GREŠOVÁ ◽  
M. BARTEKOVÁ ◽  
I. DOVINOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

The oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In CVD progression an aberrant redox regulation was observed. In this regulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling, where Nrf2 is the key regulator of redox homeostasis. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system regulates a great set of detoxificant and antioxidant enzymes in cells after ROS and electrophiles exposure. In this review we focus on radical-generating systems in cardiovascular system as well as on Nrf2 as a target against oxidative stress and a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge about the role of Nrf2 in pathophysiology of several CVD (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies) as well as in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xia ◽  
Yuening Liu ◽  
Zhaokang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis

Cardiovascular diseases, the number 1 cause of death worldwide, are frequently associated with apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes. Since cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a highly regulated process, pharmacological intervention of apoptosis pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and end-stage heart failure. Despite rapid growth of our knowledge in apoptosis signaling pathways, a clinically applicable treatment targeting this cellular process is currently unavailable. To help identify potential innovative directions for future research, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways currently known to be functional in cardiac myocytes. Here, we summarize recent progress in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by multiple signaling molecules and pathways, with a focus on the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of heart disease. In addition, we provide an update regarding bench to bedside translation of this knowledge and discuss unanswered questions that need further investigation.

scholarly journals Glycyrrhetinic Acid Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Attenuating the Susceptibility and Incidence of Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmia During the Reperfusion Period in the Rat Hearts

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jin Wu ◽  
Ji-Yuan Yang ◽  
Min Jin ◽  
Sheng-Qi Wang ◽  
De-Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Rat Hearts

Background/Aims: Licorice has been used to treat many diseases, including palpitations, in both Eastern and Western societies for thousands of years. It has been reported that glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an aglycone saponin extracted from licorice root, exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system, limits infarct sizes and protects against the development of arrhythmia. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the cardiovascular system remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GA against lethal cardiac arrhythmias induced via ischemia-reperfusion in rat hearts, and to examine its electropharmacological properties. Materials and Methods: Anesthetized rats were divided into control (CTL), GA5, GA10, and GA20 groups. GA was administered intravenously 15 min before the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, at dosages of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Single ventricular myocytes were isolated using enzymolysis. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was utilized to record Ica, L, Ito and action potentials (APs). Results: During reperfusion, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) was decreased in each of the groups compared with the CTL group (p<0.05). The ventricular tachycardia (VT)/VF score was significantly decreased in the GA20 group. Action potential durations (APDs) were prolonged by GA; both L-type calcium current (Ica-L) and transient outward potassium current (Ito) were blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by GA. Conclusion: These results suggest that GA attenuates both the susceptibility to and the incidence of fatal ventricular arrhythmia during reperfusion in rat hearts via the prolongation of the APD and the inhibition of both Ica-L and Ito. GA appears to be a promising antiarrhythmic agent in the setting of ischemia/reperfusion.

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