scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Irisin in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjuan Fu ◽  
Fangtang Li ◽  
Yuanjuan Tang ◽  
Lin Cai ◽  
Chunyu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain ◽  
Insulin Use

Abstract Irisin, a novel hormone like polypeptide, is cleaved and secreted by an unknown protease from a membrane‐spanning protein, FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5). The current knowledge on the biological functions of irisin includes browning white adipose tissue, regulating insulin use, and anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Dysfunction of irisin has shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Moreover, irisin gene variants are also associated with cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on irisin‐mediated regulatory mechanisms and their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Nrf2 as a Key Player of Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases

2016 ◽  
pp. S1-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BARANČÍK ◽  
L. GREŠOVÁ ◽  
M. BARTEKOVÁ ◽  
I. DOVINOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

The oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In CVD progression an aberrant redox regulation was observed. In this regulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cellular signaling, where Nrf2 is the key regulator of redox homeostasis. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system regulates a great set of detoxificant and antioxidant enzymes in cells after ROS and electrophiles exposure. In this review we focus on radical-generating systems in cardiovascular system as well as on Nrf2 as a target against oxidative stress and a key player of redox regulation in cardiovascular diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge about the role of Nrf2 in pathophysiology of several CVD (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies) as well as in cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury.

scholarly journals PLCE1 promotes myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in H/R H9c2 cells and I/R rats by promoting inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
WenHua Li ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Ying Chu ◽  
WeiMin Wu ◽  
QiuHua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
H9c2 Cell ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Abstract Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease. How to ensure the recovery of blood supply to ischemic myocardial tissue while avoiding or reducing I/R injury remains a critical problem in clinical practice. In the present study, we examined the function of phospholipase C ϵ-1 (PLCE1) by an H9c2 H/R (H/R, hypoxia–reoxygenation) model and a rat myocardial I/R injury model. The expression of PLCE1 and its effect on I/R injury-induced inflammatory response as well as its possible underlying mechanism were investigated. Our results have shown that PLCE1 was progressively increased along with the increase in hypoxia time in the H/R H9c2 and HL-1 cells. In myocardial I/R rats, PLCE1 presented a low expression level in the sham group, however, it was increased sharply in the I/R group. Overexpression of PLCE1 promoted the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1α, and decreased the expression of IL-10. Knockdown of PLCE1 decreased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1α, and increased the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, overexpression of PLCE1 increased the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) P65 while knockdown of PLCE1 inhibited their phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PLCE1 was up-regulated in H/R H9c2 cell and I/R rat. Overexpression of PLCE1 promoted the inflammatoion via activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Serum Irisin Predicts Posthepatectomy Complications in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Mengyun Ke ◽  
Yifan Ren ◽  
Jianbin Bi ◽  
Zhaoqing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Comprehensive Complication Index ◽  
Preoperative Serum ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Tcga Dataset ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain

Background. Hepatectomy remains one of the most effective treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it can lead to serious complications. Irisin, a key regulator of energy metabolism, is secreted into the circulation by shedding of the extracellular portion of the fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5). We have shown that irisin administration alleviates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. However, the role of preoperative irisin levels in HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how irisin expression changes in HCC and to explore the relationship between preoperative serum irisin levels and complications after hepatectomy. Methods. FNDC5/irisin expression data in HCC were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. A total of 219 participants, including 102 healthy controls and 117 HCC patients, were recruited in this study. All HCC patients underwent hepatectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Xi’an Jiaotong University. Preoperative serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA. Postoperative complications were assessed using the comprehensive complication index (CCI) score. The Pearson rank correlation coefficient was computed to assess the correlation between preoperative serum irisin levels and postoperative CCI scores. Results. In TCGA dataset, FNDC5/irisin expression was downregulated in HCC tissues (P<0.001). Similarly, serum irisin levels were decreased in HCC patients (P<0.001). Low preoperative serum irisin levels were significantly correlated with high CCI scores after hepatectomy. Conclusions. Irisin may be a novel serum biomarker in the diagnosis of HCC and a predictor of complications after hepatectomy.

Up-regulation of CTRP12 ameliorates hypoxia/re-oxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation via the enhancement of Nrf2 signaling

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110218
Author(s):  
Ai-Ping Jin ◽  
Qian-Rong Zhang ◽  
Cui-Ling Yang ◽  
Sha Ye ◽  
Hai-Juan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

C1q/TNF-related protein 12 (CTRP12) has been reported to play a key role in coronary artery disease. However, whether CTRP12 plays a role in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is not fully understood. The goals of this work were to assess the possible relationship between CTRP12 and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we exposed cardiomyocytes to hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) to establish an in vitro cardiomyocyte injury model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our results showed that H/R treatment resulted in a decrease in CTRP12 expression in cardiomyocytes. The up-regulation of CTRP12 ameliorated H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury via the down-regulation of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In contrast, the knockdown of CTRP12 enhanced cardiomyocyte sensitivity to H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Further investigation showed that CTRP12 enhanced the levels of nuclear Nrf2 and increased the expression of Nrf2 target genes in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R. However, the inhibition of Nrf2 markedly diminished CTRP12-overexpression-mediated cardioprotective effects against H/R injury. Overall, these data indicate that CTRP12 protects against H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation via the enhancement of Nrf2 signaling. This work suggests a potential role of CTRP12 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and proposes it as an attractive target for cardioprotection.

Protective Effects of Phenylpropanoids and Phenylpropanoid-rich Essential Oils on the Cardiovascular System

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 1459-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Alves-Silva ◽  
Mónica Zuzarte ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
Henrique Girão ◽  
Lígia Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Plant Metabolites

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality with a tendency to increase due to population ageing as well as an increase in associated risk factors. Although current therapies improve survival rates, they are associated with several side effects, thus justifying the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches. In this way, plant metabolites such as essential oils have emerged as promising agents due to their biological effects. Objective: Bearing in mind that several essential oils are characterized by high amounts of phenylpropanoids, which may play a crucial role in the activity of these volatile extracts, a comprehensive and systematic review focusing on the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanoid-rich essential oils is presented. Methods: Popular search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were consulted and papers from 2000 onwards were selected. Non-volatile phenylpropanoids were not considered in this review. Results: A compilation of the current knowledge on this thematic pointed out beneficial effects for volatile phenylpropanoids namely hypotensive, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet aggregation, antidyslipidaemic and antidiabetic, as well as protective properties against ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart hypertrophy. Conclusion: A better understanding of the protective effects of phenylpropanoids on the cardiovascular system is presented, thus paving the way towards future research on plant-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs modulate autophagy in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuwen Huang ◽  
Jingting Mai ◽  
Jingwei Chen ◽  
Yinying He ◽  
Xiaojun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

AbstractThe myocardial infarction is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases around the world. Although the timely and complete reperfusion via Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) or thrombolysis have distinctly decreased the mortality of myocardial infarction, reperfusion itself may lead to supererogatory irreversible myocardial injury and heart function disorders, namely ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Extensive studies have indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in the progress of myocardial I/R injury, which is closely correlative with cardiomyocytes autophagy. Moreover, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells in the myocardial ischemia reperfusion and cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) progress. In this review, we first introduced the biogenesis and functions of ncRNAs, and subsequently summarized the roles and relevant molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating autophagy in myocardial I/R injury. We hope that this review in addition to develop a better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of ncRNAs, can also lay a foundation for the therapies of myocardial I/R injury, and even for other related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Irisin: A Promising Target for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yani Wang ◽  
Huibin Liu ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xiang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain ◽  
Fibronectin Type

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is defined as the total combined damage that occurs during a period of ischemia and following the recovery of blood flow. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and an inflammatory response are factors contributing to IRI-related damage that can each result in cell death. Irisin is a polypeptide that is proteolytically cleaved from the extracellular domain of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin acts as a myokine that potentially mediates beneficial effects of exercise by reducing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial fitness, and suppressing inflammation. The existing literature also suggests a possible link between irisin and IRI, involving mechanisms similar to those associated with exercise. This article will review the pathogenesis of IRI and the potential benefits and current limitations of irisin as a therapeutic strategy for IRI, while highlighting the mechanistic correlations between irisin and IRI.

A Review of Research Progress on Agathis dammara and Its Application Prospects for Cardiovascular Diseases and Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyi Wang ◽  
Shanshan Yue ◽  
Ankang Peng ◽  
Rong Qi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Application Prospects

: Cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver disease have become the leading causes of death in modern society. However, currently existing drugs do not solve all issues related to these diseases; thus, it is expected that more potential drugs for clinical use will be developed. Undeniably, natural products have attracted increasing attention. It is of great significance to identify effective active monomer components for drug discovery and disease prevention. As a pure natural product, Agathis dammara (AD) has antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. However, at present, there are few reports regarding the effects of AD on chronic inflammatory cardiovascular diseases such as aneurysm, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiac hypertrophy and liver diseases such as fatty liver disease. AD and products derived from it have very broad application prospects for cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document